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University Dallv Kansan, September 30: 1981
News Briefs From United Press International
Reagan tells poorer nations foreign handouts not answer
WASHINGTON—The Republican-dominated Senate voted last night 64-34 to limit the state's borrowing authority to more than $1 trillion for the first time in history.
The vote to raise the debt ceiling to $1.079 trillion will enable the government to start its new fiscal year tomorrow with enough money in its coffers
If the Senate had missed its midnight deadline, the treasury would have been unable to borrow money to honor Social Security and government programs.
Because the House already approved the new debt limit, the bill will now go to President Reagan for his signature.
Last night it culminated three days of debate on whether to raise the debt ceiling from its current level of $985 billion to more than $1 trillion.
Sen. William Proximite, D-Wis., staged a one-man protest against the move, holding the Senate floor for 16 hours from Monday evening until Friday.
But his vigil was futile. The Senate voted 63-33 last night to kill his amendment that would have raised the debt ceiling to $989 billion.
Sen. Robert Dole, R-Kan, the Senate Committee chairman, said Proximie's proposed debt ceiling "wouldn't get us through tomorrow."
Dole argued against moves to amend the debt ceiling bill. Any variation would have sent the bill back to the House for concurrence, raking delay and impact.
Senate backs $1 trillion debt limit
WASHINGTON—President Reagan yesterday advised developing nations that unless they put their own economic houses in order, "no amount of aid will produce progress."
In his speech to the World Bank and International Monetary Fund, Reagan said the nations that had made the most economic progress were those that did not.
Reagan was introduced to a smattering of applause from the 143 representatives of member nations. His remarks came amid a behind-the-
Yesterday, U.S. officials attending the meeting said the Reagan Administration had asked Congress to reduce the U.S. fiscal 1982 contribution to the International Development Association from $500 million to $820 million as a branch of the World Bank that lends money to the poorest nations.
The United States has already "stretched out" its $3.24 billion contribution for 1981-83 in an effort to bring down its budget deficit for this year. As a result, other nations are considering stretching out or decreasing their donations.
Reagan didn't mention the latest cutback in his speech, but he said the American people were "as compassionate and caring as any on earth."
Weinberger calls Soviets a threat
WASHINGTON—Defense Secretary Craig Weinberger, releasing a *detailed Pentagon report* yesterday, said Soviet military power presented “a serious threat.”
"We had unquestioned military superiority in the '50s," he said. "That is lost."
Weinberg expanded on information contained in a 99-page booklet, entitled *Soviet Military History*. The publication was released in time to mark the centennial of Soviet warfare.
"The point is here that there is a very growing . . . Soviet threat on a wide number of fronts," Weinberger said in a news conference broadcast live in Eurasia.
Weinberger said that Soviet ground forces had grown to 180 divisions based at home, in eastern Europe, Mongolia and Afghanistan, and that Soviets had fielded 50,000 tanks, 20,000 artillery pieces, 5,200 helicopters and 3,500 Russian and Warsaw Pact fighters and bombers.
"I do not know what their intentions are," he said. "But I hope they will be peaceful."
U.S. to increase Soviet grain aid
MOSCOW-U-S. negotiators will offer the Soviet Union up to 23 million tons of wheat and corn to help bail the Russians out of their three consecutive conflicts with Ukraine.
Talks are scheduled to begin today to determine how much grain America will sell to the Soviets in the sixth year of a U.S.-Soviet contract.
million tons. But negotiations are expected to produce an agreement to offer another 15 million tons, to be delivered later this year and in 1982.
Soviet sources said the 1981 harvest would fail to 170 million tons of grain this year, 28 percent short of the 326 million tons the government predicted.
Wall Street disproves predictions
gain yesterday, despite forecaster Joseph Granville's widely disowned dissension. The Dow Jones Industrial average, which increased 18.55 points Monday for its best gain in six months, increased another 5.33 points yesterday to 847.89.
Pricews on foreign stock exchanges, which decreased sharply Monday after Carville's prediction of disaster, also recovered. Tokyo stocks surged to their highest levels in 30 years.
Granville, however, said yesterday that the Dow's recent surge was just a "bounce" and not a trend.
"We smelled smoke in the house in January and we've been advising our clients to get out," he said.
Vietnam: China threatening invasion
Vietnamese Ambassador Ha Van Lau said China had threatened time and time again to invade Vietnam as part of its "war of attrition against Indochinese countries." The two countries fought a month-long border war in 1979.
UNITED NATIONS - Vietnam yesterday charged in the U.N. General Assembly that China was threatening a second invasion of Vietnam and had authorized the United Nations to attack it.
Later in the session, the ousted Cambodian government of Communist leader Pot Pol accused Vietnam of using chemical warfare and "systematic famine and starvation" to retain control of Cambodia. Vietnam has installed a rival regime in Cambodia that the United Nations refuses to recognize.
Walesa compromise draws rebuke
GDANSK, Poland—Solidarity members reprimanded union founder Lech Walesa easily for compromising with the Communist government on the issue of worker self-management. They also accused him of abandoning the masses in a quest for personal power.
But Walesa, answering the strongest criticism he has ever faced from union rank and file, said “1 will not permit anyone to take this movement as a threat.”
A resolution, passed 384 to 189 by delegates to the union congress, reprimanded Waless and the union Executive Presidium for the "improper" presidium members drafted a compromise with the government, on how the president should be chosen. Poland's parliament later made the commission law.
The attack on Wales came as miners in southern Poland threatened to strike in the country's industrial heartland if Tadeus ARENT, a union activist, was not released from pretrial detention. A court in Rybek ordered Arent's release, but there was no immediate reaction from the miners.
In Czestochowa, five factories remained on strike alert because of the arrest of another attacker. Solidarity in Bydgoszcz renewed attack threats to protest the dropping of a government investigation of the beating of three union members.
Complex problems prompt ethics courses
Watergate, kickbacks, falling bridges and collapsed skywalks have prompted several KU schools and departments to embrace ethics courses to their curricula.
By PAM ALLOWAY Staff Reporter
Ethics courses traditionally have been offered in the department of philosophy and schools of medicine. But this year, the schools of architecture, business and the department of business all developed applied ethics courses.
The School of Engineering also offered an ethics course two years ago.
ALTHOUGH MANY schools and departments have devised courses that deal specifically with the ethical issues in their professions, some have not.
Holloway said educators had always addressed professional ethics. But one philosophy faculty member questioned whether individual departments and schools were qualified to teach classes in ethics.
Neither the School of Social Welfare nor the School of Education offers a course that deals specifically with ethical questions.
William Holloway, chairman of the School of Education's department of Educational Policy and Administration said yesterday. "The ethical questions are sprinkled throughout, rather than concentrated."
"The ethical problems arise from the professions, but philosophy teaches how to deal with the problem," Arthur van der Waals, an important professor of philosophy, said.
RICHARD DEGORGE, a philosophy professor who helps teach
the business ethics course disagreed, however.
Skidmore recommended team-teaching ethics courses in order to present both sides of issues. Skidmore and Howard Smith, a professor of airspace engineering, taught a course on hypersonic gases and homes to offer the class again.
"A general course in philosophy deals with their theories, with no application to the individual fields. With special problems that arise these courses enable us to zero in on various areas," DeGeorge said.
"One of the purposes of the course was to help students solve a problem you know darn well they're going to encounter." Smith said.
The course dealt both with general thics and with specific problems that could require a more in-depth study.
Before he began teaching at KU, Smith worked in various companies that designed weapons for the government.
"You come up against such questions as what is and what isn't ethical. There's the problem of saving some people, but others are coming down." Smith said.
"The questions come up on liability. Legal obligations often times coincide with moral obligations. Mowadays in a product liability suit, everybody gets sued and students need to know how to deal with that kind of situation."
SEVERAL ISSUES that the course dealt with concerned going beyond professional obligations to ensure safety, Skidmore said. "Whistleblowing is the term used when an engineer reveals internal problems and unsafe practices that he thinks would endanger public safety.
The social concern of the '70s is expressed differently now, DeGeorge said. KU students and students all over the country are dealing with such ethical questions as truth in adulthood and identity in capitalism and the problems of finding food and energy for future generations.
motivate the business school to develop its ethics course, DeGeorge said.
The Watergate scandal helped
Events such as the recent disaster at Kansas City's Hyatt Regency Hotel prompted a design ethics class that the School of Architecture approved last week. The course will outline guideposts for social responsibility in design, Stephen Grabow, the director of the school said.
He said one example of a social responsibility that was a concern of archivists, was crime and how various discouraged or discouraged night crime.
"There is certainly quite the need. Look at the Hotel Hyatt disaster," Victor Papanek, Distinguished Professor of Arthitecture, said. Papanek has spoken nationwide on the disaster.
PAPANEK SAID the Kansas City disaster drew attention to the need for an architecture ethics course.
The controversy over the Janet Cook article, published last spring in the Washington Post, triggered the journalism schools' attention to an ethics course, Del Brinkman, dean of the School of Journalism, said.
Janet Cooke was a young reporter who fabricated an 8-year-old heroin addict, Jimmy. Cooke won and later finished a Pulitzer Prize for the story.
The journalism ethics class is being offered for the first time, this fall. And
it is team-taught, not by a philosophy professor, but by Mike Moore a former U.S. president.
"Ethical questions are not tied to specific professional concerns, but rather they are tied to judgment," Brinkman said.
The course examines such issues as codes of conduct, conflicts of interest and good taste.
PERHAPS THE oldest profession to look at ethics is the medical profession. A medical ethics course is offered by the philosophy department.
"The issues in the medical field have been more dramatic and sensational than other professions. For example, dealing with brain death of euthanasia. There is a moral quandry, people don't want to die. The medical field people are dealing with life and death situations." Donald Marquis, professor of philosophy, said.
"Legality aspects do make people more interested in ethics."
Peter M. Neely, an associate professor of systematics and ecology who is a new course called Biology and Ethnology for Everyday Life, agrees with Marquis.
"I think there are three basic reasons for the growing interest in ethics. One is the ethical views of society are reflected in the legal problems that have come up. Two, the increasing tendency to sue and the third is the increasing sophistication of medical technology and ability." Neely said.
Neely said that such issues as how long to keep someone alive on a machine rather than directing science's efforts toward future generations, is a topic the course includes. Other topics are the possibility of a thermo-nuclear war and the world food problem.
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