Page 10 University Daily Kansan, April 9. 1990
Ex-CIA man decries military solution
By NEAL McCHRISTY Staff Reporter
The Soviet use of force in Afghanistan, Angola and other countries has led to a mistaken reliance on military, rather than diplomatic, solutions to this aggression, an ex-CIA officer told the State Department said last night.
Before a group of about 150 people in the Kansas Union, the former agent, Arthur Cox, said that Soviet "blunders" had led to a turnabout in opinion about the nuclear arms race by the American public.
Cox, a consultant to the United States Committee on East-West Arms Control, gave the speech as part of 'Ground Zero Week' activities. The speech was sponsored by the University of Kansas department of political science and the Lawrence Coalition for Peace and Justice.
AFTER THE Vietnam War, the United States public was opposed to intervention in other countries' affairs, Cox said, but the Soviet use of force in other countries has provided ammunition for those who favor a buildup of nuclear arms to deter Soviet aggression.
"If there's one message I have for the American people, it's that we have to get back to diplomacy and that we are in a very dangerous situation with us as they are between the United States and the Soviet Union," Cox said.
And "cosmetic" maneuvers such as the recent negotiations in Geneva to limit Soviet deployment of nuclear weapons in exchange for limited cutbacks in weapons by the United States, are not genuine diplomacy. Ox said.
"The deal that the president proposed is a phony—it's not a genuine proposal," Cox said of the Geneva office.
Eventually, such maneuvers will lead European leaders to take the issue of
nuclear cutbacks into their own hands,
Cox said.
AND HE SAID that the Europeans were capable of serious negotiations on arms control.
"The Europeans today—they are doing their homework—and no one is going to pull the rug over their heads, so we are concerned about survival." Cox said.
He said that Europeans had faced attacks from other countries for centuries. The United States, by comparison, has been a more militarized nation at the Japanese Pearl Harbor in 1941.
The greatest advance in detente, Cox said, was the non-preferitation treat that was begun by Germany, and he said the threat of nuclear war had been a topic of conversation in Europe since World War II.
And limited nuclear is a myth, Cox said. Other myths include one that the Soviets have a sophisticated civil-defense system to use in case of nuclear attack.
"This is just nonsense," he said.
'ALIFORNIA CAMBOUT'
Another myth that appears yearly before Congress is that the Soviets are preparing to invade West Germany, Cox said.
COX SAID that although the Soviet civil defense procedures were superior to those of the United States, the Soviets still feared attacks by China more than any other.
After talking to defectors from Eastern European countries, Cox said that he had concluded, "If the Soviets ever tried an invasion of West Germany, they would have been Russian, Czech and Yugoslav allies. They would literally be shot in the back."
Negotiations for pulling away from Germany by the United States and the Soviets should begin as soon as possible, Cox said, emphasizing that
But total disarmament is not feasible, be said.
negotiations should bring about cutbacks.
"I think the genie is out of the bottle, and we will always have nuclear weapons." Cox said.
HOWEVER, HE SAID the Soviets, who ratified SALT II and were ready to move toward cutbacks in nuclear weapons under SALT III, seemed eager to state, particularly about the weapons "called 'desilentizing' weapons."
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Destabilizing weapons are those that wipe out central command centers that control when missiles are fired, such asuchs II and the C船 missiles, Cox said.
"I am confident that the Soviets know the potential of these weapons and I know that they are probably willing to negotiate," he said.
If Cruise missiles are deployed in Western Europe, the potential is greater that command centers will be destroyed, leaving each individual missile base to rely on its own computers as to whether to launch the missile. Such a system is called a "launch-on-warning" system, he said.
"Launch-on-warning reliance almost guarantees that an accidental nuclear launch can happen," Cox said.
HE SAID that inefficient communication systems could lead to a breach of the system and the General Accounting Office; in a recent test of missile communication systems, determined that the present United States missile communication system was not efficient.
"When two people in a silo decide that the proper signal has come to deploy a missile . . . when that happens, we should all be saying our prayers."
TOPEKA-Kansas lawmakers yesterday approved a plan to re-draw the state's congressional districts, despite lawmakers that the map divided their ranks.
From Staff and Wire Reports
Under the redistricting map, which the House and Senate approved on votes of 72-58 and 23-17, Douglas County would remain in the third District, but Reno, Wyandotte and Sedgwick counties would straddle congressional districts—a situation that lawmakers early on said they wanted to avoid.
One Democrat in the Senate, Joe Morvell of Hays, accused Republicans of purposely splitting those counties to benefit three Democratic strongholds in Kansas.
"I will personally ask the governor to veto this," he said.
ANOTHER DEMOCRAT, State Sen. Blench Taney of Hutchinson, which is in Reno County, asked whether nurses were serious in offering the map.
Reps pass redistricting plan
"The governor has indicated he won't sign a bill without input from both parties." Solbach said. "This map was created to represent the complaint that was chosen as a compromise."
"You've got to be kidding," he said. "I can't figure out why you're doing this to me. You come to Hutchinson, and I'll take you to some grade school kids who would take up with a better map than this."
The map now will go before Gov. John Carlin, who already vetoed one redistricting plan this year. And he is pushing for more conservative State Ree. John Solbach, D-Lawrence.
mittee chose the map on a 4-2 party-line vote yesterday.
HOWEVER, ONE improvement the new plan has over the earlier map is that it divides the state into districts that are nearly equal in population.
Carlin said he vetoed the first plan because it called for redrawing congressional lines around districts that were unequal in population.
"We can't turn this one down on grounds of population variance," said State Rep. Betty Jo Chariton, D-Lawrence.
Charlton said she supported the map because it left Douglas County in the 3rd District.
BESIDES SPLITTING counties, the measure would move Harper County from the 5th to the 1st District, Kingman County from the 4th to the 5th District and Franklin County from the 1rd to the 5th District.
A House-Senate conference com-
"And this is the first one we've seen that might hold up in court," she said.
Solbach, who argued against earlier maps on grounds of the population deviance, said the sole purpose for creating a new district was to create equally populated districts.
Referring to the new plan, Solbach said, "At least we've finally got our point across about population deviaton."
Although both chambers of the Legislature approved the map and then toiled into the late hours on other matters, time run out on Lawmakers' hopes to begin a two-week adjournment today.
After breaking for dinner last evening, House and Senate leaders announced that deliberations on other issues, notably on public school finances, would continue through today.
The decision to delay adjournment was made because legislators, unhappy with the prospect of working past night, had become unreliable, Charlton might.
"Then the sessions run late like this, a sort of mob psychology sets in," she said. "People become unruly."
"They were starting to vote crazy ... 'no on' everything. It was pretty bad for the people standing up there supporting bills."
But Solbach said the Legislature always grew intense near the finish especially every fifth year when it had to approve the state budget for public schools.
In 1947—the year I was born—school finances stretched the Legislative session into the wee hours of Easter morning," Solbach said. "The legislators broke off to go to church, then reconvened later on Easter."
Solbach said school finances could create the same problem this year.
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