Daily Hansan
57th Year, No. 139
LAWRENCE, KANSAS
Tuesday, May 10, 1960
M. C. CHAGLA at press conference ".. . no American bases in other countries."
Non-Violence Backed in Talk
India's non-violent struggle for freedom is unique at the time but today the Gandian technique of non-violence is gradually being recognized as the only way for subject peoples to achieve freedom, India's ambassador to the U.S. said today.
M. C. CHAGLA, former chief justice of the High Court of Bombay, spoke at a special convocation at Fraser Theater this morning.
Mr. Chagla pointed to recent developments in South Africa and said, "If the overwhelming majority of the black people in South Africa refuse to co-operate in carrying on the administration of that country, the government can easily be brought to its knees."
He also noted that Negroes in the United States were also using non-violent methods in their struggle for civil rights.
"I THINK all this is a hopeful sign for the future," he said. It is a clear indication that people all over the world are realizing that violence does not solve any problem."
In a 15-minute question and answer period after the speech, two Pakistani students addressed questions to the Indian ambassador about the Indian stand of non-violence toward Pakistan and why a plebisite had not been held in Kashmir
Mr. Chagla calmly answered the first question and then gave a spirited defense of the Indian stand on Kashmir. At this point Chancellor Franklin D. Murphy interjected a question to change the emphasis of questioning.
Mr. Chagla said that this doctrine of non-violence serves as a philosophic basis for India's policy of peaceful co-existence.
"WE HAVE demonstrated how this doctrine works in our recent relations with China. China was guilty of naked, unprovoked aggression. We made it clear that we resist any threat to any part of our country, but we will not refuse to discuss the Chinese claim with her Prime Minister," Mr. Chagla said.
Mr. Chagla said that the principle of co-existence runs through India's multi-cultural and multi-lingual society with the different cultures and languages existing side by side, each contributing to the Indian heritage.
In commenting on India's economy Mr. Chagla said;
Because there is so little saving in India, it is impossible for private enterprise to undertake and execute the gigantic projects which we have in mind.
"BUT FAR FROM throttling private enterprise, we have encouraged it and have constantly invited foreign capital, particularly American capital, to come into our country and help us build up our industries," he said.
India is not wedded to any dogma, and its approach is not theoretical or ideological, but purely practical, Mr. Chagla explained.
"I HAVE OFTEN been asked how we can reconcilie taking aid from communist countries with the aid we get from this country. My answer is that we do not permit any political string to be attached to the aid we get," he said.
"We have not hesitated to accept economic aid from different countries. The largest aid we have received is from this country. It is in the nature of more than two billion dollars. We have also taken aid from Russia and other communist countries.
"It may be that the world may come round to the view that India has been right and that the only way to solve international problems and to reduce international tensions is to adopt a policy of understanding and tolerance, of debate and discussion and of agreement to live peacefully side by side."
Mr. Chagla said India's experience has taught her that the policy of peaceful co-existence is the only right policy.
Tomorrow Mr. Chagla will visit former president Harry S. Truman at the Truman Library in Independence, Mo.
Summit Hopes Cloudy World and Local Reactions Varied Reds Make Formal Complaint to U.S.
The wreckage of the U-2 observation plane lies cold on the Russian soil, but the four-day-old incident still is one of the hottest issues in the Cold War today as opinions vary as to its implications.
Reactions to the downing of the plane, the admission by the State Department that it was American, the charges by Khrushchev that he will devastate any base that American planes leave from to fly over Russian territory and the threat of the incident to world peace are in the minds of everyone as the Summit Conference looms on the horizon.
THE SOVIET Premier made the allegation that the aircraft flew from a base in Pakistan, which borders onto India.
Today, the Indian ambassador to this country, who is visiting KU, said the incident is unfortunate because of the proximity of a summit conference.
M. C. Chagla said today in a press conference, "The unfortunate thing is the timing. I suppose in a Cold War there must be espionage, but the timing of the incident here provided Mr. Khrushchev with a major propaganda point."
THE AMBASSADOR said he hoped the coming negotiations would not be influenced by the incident.
"This incident does not mean that this nation does not want peace. When Mr. Khrushchev says that he will destroy bases such as those in Pakistan where he said American airplanes leave from, the best thing to do would be to bring about a situation where there are no American bases in other countries."
LONDON: The British press mounted a scathing attack on this country, charging the United States with "imbecility" in permitting deep-probing reconnaissance flights into Russia on the eve of the Summit Conference.
REACTIONS FROM world capitals were varied today in the wake of last week's charge of spying hurled against the United States by Soviet Premier Khrushchev, according to United Press International.
In Parliament, Labor party spokesmen said they will investigate whether the British Air Force has been instructed not to make such flights over the Soviet Union.
Britain's information chief in the United States said, "The West can't
(Continued on page 8)
MOSCOW—(UPI)—The Soviet Union protested formally to the United States today about the flying spy mission of the American U-2 jet plane allegedly shot down over Siberia May 1.
Meanwhile, the United States pledged to support its allies with force if Russia molests their bases for permitting U. S. Reconnaissance flights.
Shelters Seen As Life Keys
A news conference held at the U.S. embassy disclosed that a protest note over the incident had been handed to American Charge D'Affairs Edward Fereers by Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko during a "correct and pleasant" interview at the foreign ministry this morning.
KANSAS CITY —(UPI)— Adequate shelter facilities would enable the United States to survive all-out nuclear war, Dr. Edward Teller, father of the hydrogen bomb, said here last night.
However, he said this nation must continue to strive to eliminate nuclear weapons.
Teller, director of the University of California's Lawrence Radiation Laboratory and professor of physics, said that to survive a nuclear war U. S. citizens must have suitable shelters "within walking distance of all our citizens." We also must have underground facilities for food storage.
Addressing about 300 civic and scientific leaders attending the annual meeting of Midwest Research Institute, Teller said the nation's nuclear preparedness should be built around a "secondary nuclear retaliation force coupled with adequate underground shelters."
"The development of interceptor missiles for defense against attack by intercontinental ballistic missiles is still highly questionable, he said.
Daily Kansan Stands Corrected on KU-Y
Demos Voting in W. Va.
Verna Godman, program director of the KU-Y, said today that the KU-Y did not sponsor the sit-in petition circulated on campus last week. A story in yesterday's Kansas failed to make this clear.
The KU-Y office was used as a meeting place for the students who conducted the petition campaign, but no official connection existed between the students and the Y.
CHARLESTON, W. Va.-(UPI)—West Virginia Democrats are voting their own answer today to the question of whether it would be a risk to nominate a Roman Catholic for president.
The candidates in the presidential primary were Sen. John K. Kennedy (D-Mass), the Roman Catholic, and Sen. Hubert H. Humphrey (D-Minn), a Congregationalist, who were matched in their second two-man trial run for the party's presidential nomination. Sen. Kennedy won the earlier contest in the Wisconsin primary last month.
A close result was predicted. Sen. Humphrey said he still thought he would win, but talked like a man with his fingers crossed. Sen. Kennedy was showing a little more optimism than he had displayed only a few days ago.
A Kennedy victory would lengthen his lead over the rest of the field
for the presidential nomination and might even guarantee him the nomination. A defeat would push him back close to, if not into, the rest of the field of contenders.
Although Sen. Kennedy planned to do some handshaking at factory gates in nearby Nitro this morning, both candidates virtually closed their campaigns with TV appearances last night.
To sweep the religious issue out of the campaign, Sen. Kennedy reiterated that no president even if he were a Catholic, could take orders from the Pope without violating the presidential oath of office.
Sen. Humphrey viewed himself as the candidate with the best chance of winning the presidential election and said his record was more in line with the Democratic Party platform. He said Sen. Kennedy had cast "a series of Republican votes," as a member of the House and Senate.
CONTENTS OF the note were not immediately published by the Soviets.
But the circumstances surrounding its presentation indicated a Soviet softening of the propaganda barrage against the United States in view of next week's summit meeting in Paris.
Diplomatic sources said the Soviet Union made an "emphatic protest" over the American plane's May Day flight.
In Washington, Senate Democratic Leader Lyndon B. Johnson served notice on Soviet Premier Nikita S. Khrushchev today that he cannot use the U.S. spy plane incident to "divide the American people and weaken our national strength."
BUT THE TEXAS Democrat added that "if blunders have been made the American people can be certain that Congress will go into them thoroughly."
Johnson made his statements on the Senate floor after telling newsmen that "out of this will come a re-evaluation of whether we are doing as much as we should to protect and preserve our way of life."
The United States meanwhile indicated it would continue "extensive aerial surveillance" of Russia and Khrushchev replied "We will simply shoot those planes down."
THERE WERE these other developments:
- Soviet Premier Nikita Khruzhev sent letters to the West indicating he does not feel the plane incident will have any grave effect on the forthcoming summit conference.
- Francis G. Powers, the 30-year-old Albany, Ga., pilot who flew the U-2 reconnaissance aircraft that caused all the furore, was last reported in Moscow. He is believed still there, probably still undergoing questioning.
- The wreckage of Power's downed plane was being mounted in Gorki park in Moscow today for showing to the public tomorrow.
- The Soviet satellite press remained cautiously optimistic about prospects for the summit, despite the plane incident.
- Chairman Clarence Cannon of the House Appropriations Committee said today the U.S. spy plane downed in Russia May 1 was on one of a series of flights approved by the White House and known in advance to key members of Congress.
Weather
The U.S. weather bureau said today high pressure over Kansas "gives promise of continued fine weather through Wednesday and on into Thursday." Northerly winds will hold temperatures down to near seasonal normals today and Wednesday, weathermen said.