University Daily Kansan Wednesday, Dec. 9, 1953
Don't Question Our Loyalty
Section 1001 (f) of Title X of the National Defense Education Act of 1958 sits like a tin can on a fence post.
Nobody can pass it by without throwing a rock.
Educators and students from Maine to Oregon are taking pot shots at this section, the so-called "loyalty oath."
The American Council on education opposes the affidavit for a number of reasons. The council calls it discriminatory, unfair, inappropriate, superfluous and ineffective, and says it involves government interference in institutional affairs.
But these are just so many words in a controversy already muddled by weighty writing. We think the president of Harvard University got to the heart of the objections when he said:
Each argument is well-supported.
"Arguments for the requirement reveal an unwarranted lack of confidence in American young men and women, in American education, and in free inquiry."
In support of the oath a Minnesota student wrote the following to the University's newspaper:
"Perhaps I may sound a little old-fashioned in this era of liberal free thinkers, but I am a
"I would be more than glad to sign any kind of paper stating this."
proud American citizen and even a little bit patriotic.
We are equally proud to be Americans, but will line up behind the Harvard man to cast the next stone at this can of distasteful stew.
We object to the loyalty oath for the very reason the Minnesota student supports it. As Americans we cherish the right to think and do as we please. We will fight any intrusion upon this right.
The oath, in effect, asks us to guarantee the government that we are loyal citizens. This is like telling a man he must prove his love for his mother. It is an insult.
The question becomes a matter of principle. We maintain that we are good Americans and do not have to prove it to anyone.
The insecure thinking behind the oath—thinking that spreads distrust among our people—this we feel is the real threat to our freedom.
We do not fear the few Communists who are in this country. We fear the men who preach patriotism while they destroy the trust that is essential to our unity. For this unity is the real source of our strength.
No nation can hope to survive that is built on a foundation of paper.
—George DeBord
Jayhawker Is 'Different'
Editor:
I have seen many university magazines, (of course, of not this country) all of which usually contain stories, poems, philosophical and technical articles, jokes and cartoons, brief reports of students' activities, etc. This generally is common.
The first issue of magazine "Jayhawker" of this year had recently been out, and with much enthusiasm I went to have my copy. I had paid in advance to save some cents, but the editor and his co-recorders of "Jayhawker" have taught me a lesson not to be a miser in this way. I am thankful to them for this lesson.
The outside appearance of "Jayhawker" is really appealing with its beautifully engraved file. With eagerness I turned some pages and found a very short and rather unusual "contents" which mentioned no name of author. So I thought that I was going to see something new, and surely I was not disappointed in this respect. As I turned pages one by one, it was really something new that I was seeing.
So I here offer my congratulations to the editor and his co-creditors for this issue of "Jayhawk," which has a beautiful beginning and equally beautiful end in the form of solid blue card boards. A Foreign Student
(Name withheld by request)
Marriage Not Issue
Editor:
I have been reading your articles pertaining to the NROTC's marriage contract. I am honestly surprised that you were unable to obtain a comment from an NROTC student. The Navy is training its future officers to be men that are able to think for themselves to defend the rights of the American people, of which freedom of speech is a very important liberty.
I am a junior under the Navy scholarship and after more than two years in the program I must say that I uphold the opinions that have been expressed by The Kansan. I don't think that marriage is the issue at hand, but that the Navy expects its future officers to be able to maintain a signed contract. It would be the same if they prohibited the midshipmen from smoking or drinking for four years.
This contract has no effect on my present future plans, but I can't agree with the restrictions that the contract has placed on many of my brother midshipmen.
-T. Michael Garrison
Topeka junior
Japan's Problem: Population vs. Size
By Jack Morton
Modern Japan is attempting to overcome the problems brought on by her size and population in order to raise the Japanese standard of living and to restore Japan's prestige among world powers.
These problems, and others pertaining to this small, but heavily populated island nation, will be discussed by Lawrence Olson, American Universities Field Staff representative in Japan, who is on campus this week.
Japan has an area less than that of California, and a population more than half that of the United States. The country has neither the land to produce enough food for its growing population, nor enough natural resources to maintain its industrial rate. This population-natural resources problem has long been with Japan. A glance at her recent history will emphasize this problem's importance.
Depression Hurt
The depression of the early 1930s destroyed many of Japan's vital export markets and brought great dissatisfaction with democratically-inclined governments. The people came to associate democracy and pacifism with their low economic status. The early 30s brought a series of political, diplomatic and military crises that resulted in the emergence of Japan as a totalitarian power. Military leaders dominated the country and were wedded to the idea of aggressive
UNIVERSITIES
Dailu Hansan
University of Kansas student newspaper
Founded 1889, became hlweeklew 1904,
banned by the state legislature in 1921.
Telephone VIKing 3-2700 Extension 711, news room Extension 376, business office
imperialism as the means to increase exports and land.
Member Inland Daily Press Association. Associated College Press. Represented by National Advertising Service, 420 Madison Ave., New York, N.Y. service; service to the International Press Society; subscription rates. semester or $5 a year. Published in Lawrence, Kan., every afternoon during the University year except Saturdays and Sundays, University holidays, and examination periods. Entered as an associate professor Sept. 7, 1910 at Lawrence, Kan., post office under act of March 3, 1879.
Jack Harrison  Management Editor
Daniel Dick  Management Editor
Morton and Dou Yooch, Assistant
Management Editors; Rael Amos, City
Manager; Kyle Herman, Director;
Careney Fralley, Society Editor.
Japan's industrial might raised her above the maelstrom of poor and backward Asian nations, but it flung her into a disastrous world war at the same time. Present-day Japan is again depending on industrial know-how to bring world power and high living standards, but there is a difference: the Japanese people want peace. Only peace can insure the economic prosperity that makes free trade among nations possible, and Japan's chances for prosperity hinge on free trade.
NEWS DEPARTMENT
EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT
John Haunday, Co-Editorial Editors
Sumra Hayn, Associate Editorial Ed-
Japan still must find export markets that will close the dollar gap caused by the importation of
BUSINESS DEPARTMENT
Bill Kane ... Business Manager
Ted Tidwell, Advertising Manager;
Martha Croser, Promotion Manager;
Ruth Hedges, Promotion Manager;
John Schmitt, Circulation Manager; John Massa, Classified Advertising Manager.
An example has been Japan's relations with the United States. The United States has been supplying most of Japan's raw materials since World War II. The rate of importing from the United States has been 40 per cent of the total, which figure is far from being reached by Japan's exports to America. At one time the resulting dollar gap was filled with money from the Occupations forces.
material to keep her many industries operating. The attitude other nations take toward reasonably unrestricted trade with Japan is an important factor in Japan's official relations with them.
tures for defense at a minimum—the 1959 budget includes only 13.4 per cent for defense. But the end of the Korean War and public pressure to withdraw American troops from Japanese soil halted most American military spending in Japan.
U.S. Spending Helped
More than four billion dollars has been poured into Japan's economy since 1950 by the purchase of military supplies and equipment by U.S. forces, and by the spending of GIs and their dependents. Also, Americans have given more than two billion dollars in grants and loans to Japan for raw materials and industrial equipment.
The Japanese people were extremely critical of American Occupation four years ago. The United States, respecting the pro-Western sentiment of the Japanese Government, withdrew ground forces from Japanese territory. This withdrawal, so much desired by the people, took with it many millions of dollars from the Japanese economy, and brought on deflation and tight money.
This money has bridged the gap between export and import accounts and made industrial growth possible. In addition, the presence of American military might has allowed Japan to keep expendi-
Japan has sought to fill the vacuum caused by the withdrawal by increasing its exports to America. But prejudice against Japanese products and the threat of protectionist policies has created obstacles. Informed observers say that high tariffs could lead to a serious breaking down of political relations.
Threat of Tariffs
The Ministry of International Trade and Industry has rigidly enforced restrictions against poor quality goods, but Japan is not in a position to act so decisively against the threat of tariffs. Japan met the protests of American textile producers against Japanese imports with a voluntary reduction, but it remains to be seen what is done about similar protests about other goods.
During 1958 Japan's relations with the United States revolved around nuclear tests in the Pacific, in addition to the presence of occupation forces on Japanese territory. In June 1958, Japan concluded atomic energy agreements with the United Kingdom and the United States which furthered Japan's research and development in the peaceful uses of atomic energy. Of course the cessation of atomic testing by the United States has helped.
Japan's relations with other Asian countries also involves attempts to garner more importable resources and foreign markets. Japan is promoting herself in the rest of Asia, in spite of the discouraging economic picture there in respect to resources available to her. Japanese technicians are visiting other Asian countries to assess the amount of available resources and to help these countries complete development projects. For example, Japan is helping to build fertilizer factories in Pakistan and Burma, and irrigation works in the Philippines. Japan hopes someday to achieve a union of Asian resources and Japanese industrial skill.
Exports Down
exports in the days of the Empire. Also, the Empire supplied Japan with most of its needs—coal, iron and agricultural produce. But Asia takes but 40 per cent now, both because the China market is gone and because the Asian countries have low purchasing power and policies of protection of new local industries. Asia is keeping a close hold on its resources for its own industries, as well.
Asia took 65 per cent of Japan's
trade agreement with Peking in order to enlarge her foreign market. However, China severed trade relations the following June because of a flag-trampling incident in Nagasaki.
Observers report that nowhere in Japan is there much evidence of fear of Chinese communism overrunning the country. The Japanese seem to feel they have nothing the Chinese want. But there has been anxiety reported about the threat of China dumping consumer goods in Southeast Asia.
Japan still refuses officially to recognize Red China. But in April 1957 she negotiated a 12-month
Worth Repeating
I like the newspaper business because in an age of specialization the journalist is one of the few "generalists" left.-Philip L. Graham.
When you go into a Spanish house, the master of the house always says "Vuestra la casa"—this is your house. I've always felt that way about students who come to my office. Roscoe Pound.
Under the National Defense Education Act we are all chaplains and judge advocates—Mark DeW. Howe.
LITTLE MAN ON CAMPUS By Dick Bibler
"BUT SHE JUST DIDN'T LOOK LIKE A PHYS ED MAJOR TO ME!"
FPA