Carter tops newsmaker list
Rv RRIAN SETTLE
Four years ago, Jimmy Carter played an insignificant role in the nation's daily news.
But today he ranks as the No. 1 newsmaker of 1878. Carter was in the daily news because of his battles with the 95th Congress, his foreign involvement with the Soviet Union and Iran and even because of family vacation down Idaho's
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However, the most important news Carter made was the epochal Middle East agreement between Israel and Egypt.
When Carter went to Camp David in mid-September to meet with Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Egyptian President Amir Sadat, he asked, "that the people of world war pray that our negotiations will be successful."
THE STAGGERING success of the negotiations stunned the nation 13 days later when the three leaders emerged from Camp David to announce they had reached a two-part agreement for a comprehensive peace settlement.
Not surprisingly, Carter's co-negotiators, Begin and Sadat, tied for the second biggest newsmaker of the year.
The Middle East agreement strengthened Carter's popular with the public, after he struggled early in the year to reach a milestone.
Since the Aug. 6 death of Pope Paul VI, the church struggled to regain some sense of normality in the Vatican. The death of Pope John Paul I only 34 days after he was elected to the now Paul VI further complicated the church's problems.
the Roman Catholic Church, whose leaders were selected together as the fourth biggest newsmaker.
Also struggling this year, but for different reasons, was
The fifth biggest newspaper of the year was a crusty, 75-year-old retired executive who described himself as a "rugged bastard." His name was Howard Jawryk, and he coauthored California's Jarvis-Gann amendment, known as Proposition 13. The amendment will slash that state's property taxes by an estimated $7 billion this year.
Monday, December 11. 1978
- Allan Bakke, who was admitted to the University of California at Davis School of Medicine after the Supreme Court ruled that race could be a deciding factor when admonishing a student who would not reserve a specific number of places for minorities.
KAKOL, WOJTYLA, who followed John Paul I and took the name John Paul II, made news by being the first Polish pope.
Other key newsmakers were:
- The shah of Iran, who underwent extreme domestic pressure and violence in his home country, the Shaakat事件
United States" was eventually forced to impose martial law in Iran.
- Jim Jones, who persuaded more than 900 of his followers to commit suicide in Guyana.
- Louse Brown, who was the first baby conceived in a test tube.
- Hubert Humphrey, who died of cancer after serving as a public official for more than three decades.
Other newsmakers who appeared on the front pages throughout the year were Richard Nixon, who came out of political exile for the first time since he resigned as president. George Wallace, who announced his retirement from politics in 1974, was a "Saturday Night Fever" and "Grease"; Muhammad Ali, who became the first boxer to regain the heavyweight title three times; Cheryl Tregs, who replaced Farah Fawcett Majors as the 1o. pin girl; Aliko Mongo, who was kidnapped in a 2003 attack; Alex Martin, who was fired as coach of the New York Yankees, then rehired to coach the team beginning in 1890; Myron Farber, who was sent to jail after refusing to relinquish notes about a murder case; John Vostor, who resigned as coach of South Africa; and Anastasiia Somova, who found his dictatorism in Nicaragua threatened by domestic unrest.
Rv SARAH TOEVS
Economy hits highs, lows
1978 was a year of records for the United States economy. The dollar plunged to its record low since World War II, the price of gold in dollars reached new heights, and the stock market made two record-breaking dials during year of otherwise steady decline.
It was a frustrating year for President Carter, who was forced to make a complete turnaround from his inflationary antitumor policy to a strong anti-tumor policy.
Earlier in the year the administration's concern was focused on stimulating the economy in order to curb unemployment. Inflation was a secondary worry and the exchange value of the dollar was scarcely considered.
By April, however, monthly prices were climbing in excess of 10 percent and the volume of purchases was up.
In mid-April, after a long, steady decline on Wall Street, buyers suddenly went berserk and caused the market to climb at about 100 points within a week of trading. The buying spree didn't last long, and the stock market was soon on its way back down.
The program, announced Oct. 24, called for voluntary wage-price guidelines and pledged to slash the highly inflationary budget deficit.
PRICES AND interest rates continued to
be rising. Interest rates were higher in
winter, in turn, pushed prices even higher.
During September and October, Carter and his economic advisers busily planned Stage II of Carter's anti-inflation program. The widely leaked program was disappointing to businessmen who had hoped for more substantial action.
The New Federal Reserve Chairman, G. William Miller, convinced President Carter that inflation had to be the 1. priority. Mr. Miller said he would take any strong moves to boost the dollar.
The United States' seeming inability to manage its economy was the primary reason for the dollar's decline. Inflation, as well as decreasing productivity, indicated that the economy was deteriorating and the government was unwilling to do much about it.
The dollar reached a record low against the Japanese yen and the Swiss franc. In August, the price of gold reached a record $215.90. And by the end of the summer, Carter was hopelessly on to the prediction that the annual inflation rate would not exceed 7.2 percent, even though the rate at the time was closer to 10 percent.
IT WAS far from the drastic measures hoped for, and the financial world again
Not only was it becoming clear to the administration that recession was almost inevitable in the United States, but a rise in recession was becoming more and more likely.
The new plan increased the Federal Reserve discount rate, the interest rate at which the Fed lends money to commercial banks, to 9.5 percent. In January the rate had been only 8 percent. The immediate result was a climb in the prime interest rate, which now stands at 11.5 percent. In January, it, too, had been only 8 percent.
Finally, when he could hold off no longer, Carter made a surprise announcement of his new anti-inflation plan. Stock and money traders were caught completely off guard by the new measures, and the result was an immediate boost to the dollar.
The amount of gold to be sold by the U.S. government was quintuple in hopes that the government would accept it.
went berserk. The stock market fell 105 points in 12 days of trading, gold shot up $17 an ounce to $243 in only five days and the dollar plunged even further.
Under the new program, the United States borrowed $20 billion from Japan, Germany and Switzerland to support dollar prices on the foreign exchange market.
Reaction to the plan was astounding. On the day of the announcement, the dollar rose 1.09 percent; on the day of Japan, Germany and Switzerland. The price of gold fell **£3** an ounce by the end of the week, and the Dow Jones average jumped 35 points; the stock, the highest one-day rise in its history.
The economy has settled down since President Carter's announcement and the dollar seems to be stabilizing. As the prime interest rate continues to rise many are predicting that it could reach 12 or 13 percent by the end of the year.
THE HIGH interest rates make it too expensive to invest and the housing industry in particular is expected to fall. As investment decreases, unemployment increases, and a mild recession could push the economy from the present six million up to seven million.
1978 typified the zigzagging pattern in the United States, where the economy grows so rapidly that inflation spirals out of control. The only way to be inflated, then, is to employ recession, and thus face excessive unemployment. That may be the story for next year.
Bv LEON UNRUH
It was a big year for sports records
It was a year of records—in sports—set by a pair of horses, by a man who hit a ball often and a woman who didn't, by a man who just hit hard. And, some said, 1978 was a year of too much hitting.
The big record belonged to the New York Yankees, who improved their wins by winning 16 of their last 18 regular season games. Behind the Red Sox by 14 games in mid-July, the Yanks forced Boston into a playoff for the division title, beat the Kansas City Royals again for the American League pennant and met Los Angeles in the World Series.
It brought together baseball antagonists Reggie Jackson and Thurman Munson, Don Sutton and Steve Garvey and a team of 15 players who lost the first two in Los Angeles but rolled back to win the next four at home—another record—for their second season.
SECOND ON the list of Top 10 sports stories was the Muhammad Ali-Leon Spinks saga. Gap-toothed Spikes beat him in the year, but couldn't decide whom to fight next. The WBC champion also rested the rest to Ali, who became a record third-time world champion. But Spinks was tired; he had been taking uppercaps from the long arm of the law for drug and traffic violations.
The kid and the colt made it big for No. 3: Affirmed
THE CAUSE celebrate of football - banning ude violence — was sixth. After New England Patriot Darryl Stingley was paralyzed in a game against Oakland, some fans, the team, threatened the justice. Coaches promised to look into the matter.
Some called it a rivalry that transcended the Triple Crown itself.
No. 4. Only Joe DMaggio did it better than Pete Rose, the Cincinnati Reds' third baseman. Rose got his 3,000th hit early in the season, then went into a slump. When he broke the slump, he went 44 games without being shut out at the plate. That tied him with Willie Keeler (1897), a dozen games behind DMaggio.
became the sixth Triple Crown winner; jockey Steve Cauthen became the youngest millionaire rider. In a racing first, Alydra came in second in each of the three legs. It was the 13th of 15 races that Alydra was to Al-farried.
In North American Soccer League play, the well-heeled New York Cosmos bests the Florida Wiendas to take their season out of the hands.
No. 5 is Nancy Lopez, whose five consecutive tour victories set a record in the 28-year-old LPGA. The fifth victory gave her a year's earnings of $150,000, a professional for rookies. Jack Nicklaus won his third British Open.
Blizzards of shredded paper filled the stadium in Buenos Aires when the home team, Argentina, beat Holland in a World Cup game.
Deterseen actions by disappointed fans seemed tragic, but no country was more disappointed than neighboring Brazil, Italy and France.
Borg Borg made No. 8 on the list by taking his third straight All-England tennis title at Wimbledon, beating Jimmy Connors. Women's title winner Martina Navratilova was defeated by the Czech government to watch their daughter play in England.
THE DOOMSDAY DEFANCE and the Orange Crush met in Super Bowl XIII in New Orleans in January. Led by Ruger Stauabch, the Dallas Cowbys broke the Denver Broncos and Stauabch's former teammate, Craig Morton. The victory could not be directly attributed to the Cowgirls, who played a battle of girls on National Football League sidelines.
No. 10. Twenty years after Adolph Rupp and his Kentucky Wildcats won the NCAA basketball game, Joe B. Hall and his Wildcats brought home another crown. The Wildcats beat Duke in the finals, helped by Jack Givens its astonishing 48-23 win for five years, died in 1977, the December night that Kentucky beat his alma mater, the University of Kansas.
Popes, Humphrey among '78 deaths
Bv RICK ALM
Twice in 1978 death drew the world's attention to Vatican City, where thousands of somber mourners gathered after the death of a pope.
Th United States lost a spiritual force of sorts when the Democrats "Happy Warrior," Hubert Horatio Humphrey, former vice president and a Minnesota senator for almost three decades, died in January at age 66. A colleague in the Senate, Sen. James Allen, 65, of Alabama, died in June.
Pope Paul VI, 80, died in August after an ambitious 15-year pontificate. Within two months his 65-year old successor, Pope John II, died after one of history's shortest reigns.
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A violent end befell Aldo Moro, 61, leader of Italy's Christian Democrats, who was found murdered in Rome after two months in the hands of Red Brigade terrorists. Death came more peacefully to Jomo Nyerere, a former Biafra captain from Kenya, who led that former British colony throughout the bloody Mau Mau uprisings to independence in 1963.
Irazel lost its former prime minister,
Golda Meir, 80, who died Friday. Her
reunion was scheduled for June 19.
NORMAN ROCKWELL, 84, the illustrator whom one critic called the "Rembrandt of Punkin Crick," died in November. He was best-known for his unashamedly sentimental cover drawings for the Saturday Evening Post.
Among the sports figures who died in 1978 was Gene Tunney, 81 former heavyweight boxing champion, who defeated Jack Dempsey in the famed "long-bout" contest in 1927 and retired undefeated. Lyman Bostock, 27, highly paid outfitier for the California Angels, was shot to death in Gary, India.
The academic world also lost Bruce Catton, 78, preeminent Civil War historian, who won a 1964 Pulitzer Prize for "A History of the Civil War" in the annual volume of his trilogy on the war.
Margaret Mead, 76, died the same week as Rockwell. Her dozen books, beginning with "Coming of Age in Samao," written in 1945, was 28, revolutionized anthropology.
SHOW BUSINESS DEATHS include
Adgar Bergen, 75, the ventilator who
created wig-guey Carl McCarthy, W.C.
Fields' nemesis on radio. Will Geer,
6grandater to television's "The Waltons," died in September.
- Jacques Brel, 49, the Belgian-born singer whose plaintive songs became known through the lacey-style "Jacques Brel Is Alive and Well and Living in Paris." *
*G* Big Young, 60, whose portrayal of the cynical,whiskey-voiced emcee in "They Shoot Horses, Don't Don't They?" earned an Academy Award in 1970.
Other show business deaths included:
- Jack. Warner, 86, the last of the four brothers who founded Warner Bros.
- CHARLES BOYER, 78, the debonair French actor with he deeply sensual voice, best known for the invitation he never uttered. Algerians" : "Come wee me to the Casabah."
- Robert shawr, 51, who played Henry VIII in "A Man for All Season," an Irish gangster in "The Sting" and the shark Quint in "Jaws."
*Bob Crane*, 49, star of television "Hogan's Heroes"; Totie Fields, 48, the rotund comedienne who joked about her obesity; Dan Dalley, 61, lanky song-and-dance man; Louis Prima, 66, jazz drummer; Keith Mason, 32, drummer for The Prime; Frank Malone, 56, "Crazy Guggenheim" on Jack Nicklaus, 56, winceaking; Jack Oakie, 74, wiscercaking ceeadman remembered for his parody of Mussolini in Chaplin's "The Great Dic
toator"; Howard Hawks, 81, director of "Red River" and "Scarface."
- Maybelle Carter, 68, matriarch of country music's Carter Family, whose songs included "Wildwood flower" and "Will the Circle be Unbroken?" died in October. Karl Wendlaiza, 75, patriarch of the death in San Juan, Puerto Rico.
OTHERS WHO DIED this year include James Gould Coones, 74, author of "By Love Possessed" and "Guard of Honor." Louis Baldwin, 84, author of more than 80 books of light fiction; Edward Durrell Stone, 76, the architect who designed the Museum of Modern Art in New York and the Kennedy Center; and William H. Bruce Rice, 50, Kansas City sportscaster.
The world of business and finance lost John D. Rockefeller III, 72, philanthropist, and one of the world's most famous who shared the Rockefeller oil fortune: Willard F. Rockwell, 90, founder of Rockwell International, and Charles D. Tandy, 60, founder of Shack stores into a billion-dollar business.
Daniel "Chappie" James, 58, the nation's first black four-star general, Bret Morrison, 66, the voice of Lamont Cranton, "TheShadow", on radio; Willy Musserschmitt, 80, designer of the German aircraft that shot down the Boeing-boeingBMW, 54, reputed New York mall chaiefuhn.
And television lost its fickle feline when Morris, 17, the star of cat food commercials,
MODEL EIV