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Daily Hansan
LAWRENCE, KANSAS
Wednesday, Jan. 9, 1957
—(Daily Kansan photo)
54th Year, No. 71
Rome's Rulers. Their Ministers Sound Modern
The behavior of present heads of state parallel the behavior of historical Roman government, Dr. Ronald Syme of Oxford University said in the Humanities Lecture Tuesday night in Fraser Theatre.
Dr. Syme spoke to about 350 students and faculty members on "The Roman Emperors and Their Ministers."
ATTENTION PLEASE!—Dwight Cooke, colorful, dramatic news analyst, challenges the attention of his listeners during his state-of-the-world talk in Flint Hall Tuesday.
The study of government is a study of persons and groups, he said. The scholar must be wary of political doctrine and party labels.
'A Strange Crew'
Dr. Syme cited Franklin D. Roosevelt whose friends and counselors acquired much notoriety. He labeled them "a strange crew," and said that in oligarchy almost anything can happen.
Internal oligarchy is government by committee, Dr. Syme said. The first Roman emperor, Augustus, had the support of an administrative oligarchy of men who did the work for him.
Augustus' right-hand men were Marcus Agrippa, a great military man and engineer who won most of the victories for which Augustus was credited, and Maecenas, a man of engaging and diplomatic talents.
Dr. Syme called the combination of "rough and the smooth" something that is needed by governments, and that these types of men were with Augustus during wars and continued with him during peacetime.
Crisis Between Kuier, Minister
The reign of Tiberius is a classical instance* with crisis relations between scouters and ministers, he said adding that Tiberius assigned power to Sejanus, then left Rome and a distasteful palace where he had been surrounded by four widows.
Sejanus was a perfect villain in the "pages of history" who conspired to destroy Tiberius. Dr. Syme said.
Sejanus became commander of the emperor's Praetorian Guard, a Roman knight, and had friends in the army. He was engaged to a princess of the dynasty and was on an equal basis with Tiberius. Everything seemed to be running his way, Dr. Syme said.
Sejanus suspecting it and had him arrested and executed. "This surely is the path of politics," Dr. Syme said—a conspiracy by a chief minister that's discovered by an emperor. He added that he did not believe, from the documentary evidence available, that Sejanus was capable of plotting against Tiberius.
But Tiberius took counter precautions without Sejanus suspecting it, and had him arrested and executed.
DR. RONALD SYME —(Daily Kansan photo)
Third World War? Newsman Says No
Bv JOHN BATTIN and DALE MORSCH
Docking To Ask For $20 Million
Discounting American fears of another world war, Dwight Cooke, Columbia Broadcasting System foreign correspondent and news analyst, said Tuesday that the United States should take advantage of the international stalemate and consolidate gains already made.
Sources close to Gov.-elect George Docking said Tuesday that he will ask the Kansas Legislature to provide more than 20 million dollars in additional tax funds from two unexpected sources.
Mr. Docking reportedly will ask the Legislature to take $12\%$ million in sales tax "residue" away from the counties and put it into the general revenue tax fund as his principal budget balancer.
Mr. Docking also intends to propose obtaining about eight million a year in new and additional excise taxes. On the subject of what excise taxes he had in mind, he would not confirm that he would recommend a liquor tax increase but did say "It's doubtful if a 1-cent increase on cigarette tax would bring us in much more money."
Budget Message Jan. 16
The incoming Democratic governor, who estimated there would be a 25 million dollar gap between state income and spending, will deliver his budget message Jan. 16 to the Legislature.
The budget message will call for neither a general sales tax increase nor a severance tax on oil and gas production.
Mr. Docking has also said he is considering asking the Legislature for a measure to gain some $800,000 a year in interests on the state's 78 million dollar inactive fund and is considering a boost in corporate taxes.
"Pay As You Go"
Mr. Docking also is known to favor a "pay as you go" system of state government, calling for increases in fees and payments for state-supplied services. College tuitions have been increased and other fee functions, such as the cost of drivers' licenses and state inspections, may increase, putting some state agencies on a more self-paying basis.
The Lawrence banker said he would have the first draft of his formal inaugural address ready late today.
- Speaking to students and faculty members in Flint Hall, Mr. Cooke said that the only real danger of war is in East Germany. Russia is afraid of German power, he said, and dares not allow it to come into existence.
However, both Russia and the United States are trying to avert war because neither likes the idea of fighting and dying.
Bulletin
LONDON - (UP) - Prime Minister Sir Anthony Eden resigned today.
The move was a sudden surrender to opponents of his ill-fated Suez policy.
With a giveaway faint smile on his face, the 59-year-old statesman walked out of a cabinet meeting at No. 10 Downing Street and went to Queen Elizabeth at Buckingham Palace to give her his resignation.
Eden's sudden decision caught both people and politicians by surprise. It meant the virtual end of his career as a statesman.
"If we allow for the fact that there will be no war—and accept the revolutionary forces that prevent it—we have a greater area in which to work in international relations," Mr. Cooke said.
But we in the United States have got to face up to the fact that we must draw a line beyond which we'll be pushed and still have American boys die," he said bluntly.
"We are in a revolutionary age—such a revolutionary age in which the West has never been before. The old rules and the old generalities do not hold true."
Three Reasons For Period
Three Reasons For Period Mr. Cooke outlined three "big important reasons" why the West is experiencing a "period which it has never experienced before."
First, "the revolution comes at a time when an old world front has broken up. The powers of the 19th century began falling apart in 1914. Since 1945 over one-half of the peoples of the world live under different governments than those they lived before."
Second, the "new force of nationalism that has come up in the world." One way to focus on the world we
(Continued on Page 3.)
U.S. Libraries, Supermarkets-British Visitor Likes Them
BY TOM SAWYER
(Of The Daily Kansan Staff)
Humanities lecturer Dr. Ronald Syme of Oxford University had no reason to be homesick Tuesday as he chatted about the English educational system in an informal interview. Outside the Kansas skies were drizzling in true Oxonian fashion.
"We only have three terms of eight weeks each at Oxford. Then there's the usual 6-weeks' holiday at Christmas and again at Easter, and a 2-week reading period prior to each examination." Dr. Syme said.
Inside, several bright and sunshiny British educational doctrines were being explained by the noted historian.
"Most of the provincial universities in Great Britain have compulsory lectures. However, the colleges at Oxford do not require attendance, though most of the students go voluntarily."
Dr. Syme paused, lighted a second cigar, and continued, "Students write usually one essay each week and confer with their tutors in preparation for examinations, which are sometimes given at the beginning of the new term."
Strict Standards
The grading system is relatively simple, he said. If a student fails to meet the standards of "the precise work" required, he is merely 'sent away.' These standards have become more strict in the past 30 years because of intense competition.
Nearly 25 per cent of the students hold scholarships from the various colleges. Many students are from families trying to maintain centuries of family tradition, and some are just plain wealth. If a student has the capacity and the desire for work, scholarships are always available, Dr. Syme said.
There is no specialization of colleges; all offer basically the same course of study. Degree requirements are normally three years. Very generally speaking, Cambridge University in eastern England is noted for science and Oxford for letters and classics. Both schools are a group of independent colleges joined by a flexible university administration, he explained.
Likes Libraries
Noting the advantages in the American educational system, Dr. Syme said that the most striking thing is the libraries, which are more accessible, efficient and invariably larger.
"The trend in English education is turning toward the American trade school. We are well aware of our need for technology, but not at the expense of a liberal education." he said.
He prepared another cigar and
chuckled with sympathy and understanding when told of the American concept of Oxford established by such plays as "Charley's Aunt."
"I can most certainly understand that, he said. "When I was in Turkey during the war I had the opportunity of seeing the film version, and in the background I recognized this or that tower and these or those streets and buildings.
"I'm very much taken by your supermarkets. They have everything—simplicity, rationality, a saving in labor, and, of course, a greedy motive. I also admire the gentlemanly way in which business is conducted," Dr. Syme answered.
He was asked what was the most singular socio-economic thing that impressed him during his first visit to America.
"I must sometimes stop myself and remember that I am in a country
Returning To England
where one may buy a good cigar and a paperback novelette at midnight. I should think this would be a wonderful innovation in Oxford."
The remainder of Dr. Syme's lecture series will take him to San Francisco, Seattle, Chicago and then back to Harvard where, for the fall term, he has been the visiting professor in Roman History. He will leave Boston for England on Jan. 31 to resume his duties at Oxford. He has published one book, "The Roman Revolution," and has just recently completed a second book.
Perhaps the words of his countryman and fellow Oxonian, Oscar Wilde, would best describe the gracious and charming historian:
"Anyone can make history; only a great man can write it."
When he left, there was as yet no nostalgia. It was still raining.