Page 2
University Daily Kansan Friday. Sept. 21, 1956
Presidents Should Take Bull By Horns, Allan Nevins Says
"The Needless Conflict," in the August issue of American Heritage, is a historical account of Kansas' conflict over the slavery question and how this conflict may have been avoided, thereby lessening the possibility of Civil War.
Written by Allan Nevins, a historian of note, the article's events take place in the pre-Civil War years of 1855-56-57. Besides being exceptionally readable and accompanied by storytelling illustrations, the piece contains a small uranium mine of historical background concerning the perhaps unnoticed but fatal steps which led to civil strife.
Receiving the blame for not putting a stop to the bull-dozing ways of the Southern faction in Kansas is President James Buchanan, who took office in 1857. In his inaugural address Buchanan talked nice, as do so many presidents, and he laid down principles of how a state might choose between slavery and freedom.
The method he set down was that "the will of the people should determine the institutions of a territory." Kansas was still a territory. Before the end of his first year in office, Buchanan was essentially to reverse his stand on the issue under the influence and pressures of Southerners threatening to secede.
The situation in Kansas was an unhappy one. In 1855 Missourians had stomped across their western border to help their fellow constituents in Kansas elect a fanatically pro-slavery legislature, and they succeeded. Two years later the pro-slavery legislature represented just a fourth
of Kansas' population while four-fifths of Kansas was a free state.
In 1857 the legislature, acting before the odds became even more uneven, passed a bill for a constitutional convention; as Mr. Nevins says, "A more unfair measure was never put on paper." Nearly all county officers were dishonestly chosen by the legislature rather than by popular vote. The 60-member convention, held in Lecompton, had 4 pro-slavery members who came from the South, and the constitution they concocted left the Kansas door open for future slavery.
The constitution then needed to go before Congress and the question was whether Buchanan would live up to his principles on the slavery issue and denounce it as the "impudent contrivance" it was, or would he let his principles quiver at the sound of loud but relatively few belligerents from the South? Buchanan's principles not only quivered; they suffered an earthquake, for he yielded to the threatening South and upheld the monstrosity of a constitution.
In so doing, Buchanan gave this faction in the South confidence—they had shouted their way to a pro-slavery Kansas, and by bluff they had made the President jump; the secessionists gained strength and boldness which were to bring "The Needless Conflict."
Mr. Nevins has a point when he says, "The greatest mistake a nation can make is to put at its helm a man so pliable and unprincipled that he will palter with a clean-cut and momentous issue."
Egypt's Friends Depend Upon Suez Traffic Also
—Ray A. Wingerson
By UNITED PRESS
President Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt probably is watching the London Conference on Suez with considerable anxiety.
Nassar still is talking big. He claims the support of the Arab countries in his attempt to seize the Suez Canal.
There is talk that, if the Suez dispute ever reached the fighting stage. Arabs would cut the pipe lines which carry oil to Arabian scaports.
The political committee of the Arab League, in fact, has just voted approval of Nasser's nationalization of the canal. It has denounced Great Britain and France for sending troops to the Middle East.
The less trouble Nasser stirs up,
the better it is for them.
But that oil situation, while it has not received as much attention as some other aspects of the Suez situation, is a very big one to some of the Arab countries.
Some of the Arab countries including Iraq and Saudi Arabia, both prominent members of the Arab League, just about live on their oil revenues.
About 850,000 barrels of oil flow each day through the two big pipelines. This oil, from Saudi Arabia and Iraq, goes direct to the Mediter-
Here's the Dope
rancan and is independent of the canal.
That boycott threat, of course, lies behind the attempt in today's London Conference to form a Suez Canal Users' Association.
If the pipe lines were cut, the biggest losers would be Saudi Arabia and Iraq.
Other Arab oil producing countries would be hit hard if the Western countries boycotted the Suez Canal.
If the association is formed, and Nasser refuses to cooperate with it, a boycott of the canal is in prospect.
About 1.2 million barrels have been moving daily through the Suez canal, including some from Saudi Arabia and Iraq.
There are credible reports that some of the Arab countries, despite their expressed support of Nasser, are not too happy over his ambition to become Mr. Big of the Arab world. That is notably true of Jordan. But it is reported that King Saud of Saudi Arabia also is worried about Nasser.
King Saud gets more than $250 million a year in royalties from the American-owned Arabian Oil Co. Iraq gets about $160 million a year from the Iraq Petroleum Co., jointly owned by American, British, French and Dutch interests. Tiny Kuwait on the Persian Gulf, incidentally, gets $280 million a year in oil royalties. Its population totals 200,000.
Regardless of the pipe line situation, there will be some big and lasting changes in the oil industry if there is a boycott of the Suez Canal and oil production in the western hemisphere is stepped up to replace Middle Eastern oil. The changes will be made at the expense of Middle Eastern oil producing countries.
Nasser has no oil to worry about. But his neighbors have—and he is playing diplomatic poker for enormous stakes with their money.
DETROIT — (UP) — Edward F. Gross' aching feet cost him $2. He paid that fine in traffic court for crossing a street against a red light after expaining: "It hurt my feet to stand still and wait for the light to change. They don't hurt too much if I keep moving."
Foot Trouble
The first American colony to forbid human slavery was New Sweden.
Just Browsing
The guy at the next desk passes along the information that Saturday will bring the official entry of fall—or autumn, if you prefer.
It couldn't happen at a nicer time, as all the lucky KU students will get to watch the Jayhawkers pursue Mr. Swink all over the beautiful turf of Memorial Stadium.
What better way to start the fall season than to attend a football game in the good-old Rock Chalk-Jay-Hawk-Rah-Rah tradition.
This phenomenon can be explained by the fact that if 8,000 students were to sit in the student section of the stadium, things would be so crowded that people would have to sit and stand together, or risk losing an arm.
Just picture it in your minds. It's much easier if you haven't been TGIFing.
But the cheering—that's what we love to hear. Why, we'll never forget the terrific ovation that the KU section gave that little kitty from Manhattan—and those roars of aplausse for the band--wow!!!
Ah yes, the band. Charging down the field at breakneck speed, making most of the athletes look out-of-condition by comparison. And the cheerleaders, exhorting the joyous students to even greater support of the old home team. And the various celebrities who are introduced at halftime. It's wonderful.
The entire student body of 8,000, all dressed up in their Ivy-league clothes, rising as a single person to cheer the efforts of the Big Red.
But it's not all a bed of roses, and we thought maybe we could give you a few tips to add to your enjoyment of the game.
3. Eat a big lunch before the game This will give you the stamina needed to battle the crowds both going to and leaving the game.
2. Dress comfortably. The best way is to wear a parka over a bathing suit. That way you can take advantage of any kind of weather that comes along.
1. Forget your car. Leave it at home and walk. Leave a couple of hours early to beat the crowd.
4. Along about the third quarter, you'll probably get thirsty, or hungry. After waiting for about 15 minutes for a vendor, you will undoubtedly become exasperated, and decide to go down to one of the concession stands under the stadium to satisfy your desires.
LITTLE MAN ON CAMPUS by Dick Bibler
When you do—and this is very,
very important—be sure and take
'ANW W COLEGE AINT SO TOUGH - IDA GOT A STRAIT'
'IF IT HADN'T BEEN FOR THAT STUDA SHOP COURSE'
Big Figures Involved In Suez Canal Operation
Why all the shouting and maybe shooting—over the Suez Canal? Why is one waterway so important it has brought a world crisis? What difference whether Egypt operates it or an international authority?
Let's take a look at some fundamental facts about the Suez Canal:
It is 101 miles long. The Panama Canal is 50. The Suez runs at sea level, without locks from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea. It links Europe with Asia and with the oil fields of the Middle East.
On any given day 40 to 50 ships traverse the canal. They are carrying one-sixth of the entire maritime cargo of the world and 85 percent of it is going to or from Europe. The Suez tonnage last year was 115 million on 14,666 ships—almost three times that of the Panama.
Europe consumes 2,500,000 barrels of oil a day. About 1,200,000 of it passes daily through the Suez. Some 800,000 comes through pipelines to the Mediterranean the remainder from North and South America.
Should the Suez flow be stopped. Europe would get only half as much oil products for its automobiles furnaces, factories.
The alternative for getting Middle East oil would be for tankers to go around the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa. That is about 5,000 miles longer to London.
The company charged a tanker carrying 100,000 barrels of oil $12,000 to use the canal. It cost about $3,000 a day, to keep a tanker at sea. So in four days of the cape voyage the $12,000 would have been spent and the remainder of the voyage would be tremendously expensive.
Great Britain gets its tea from Ceylon, its cotton from India, its wool from Australia, its rubber from Malaya. The voyage from Bombay to Londay via the Suez is 7.023 miles. By the cape it is 12.548.
The Suez was built by a private French company, completed in 1869. There are now some 800,000 shares of stock outstanding. The British Government owns 44 per cent. Private individuals in France hold about 42 per cent. The rest is scattered around the world.
The Suez is a very profitable operation. Last year its total revenues were $97,596,000 and its gross profit $45,400,000. Shares before the seizure sold around $300 each. Last year they paid
your coat with you. If the line is as long as it usually is, the game will be over before you get back. If you stay at, the concession stand, you can beat the crowd out of the stadium, rush to the parking lot, and sit in your car until everyone else gets out of your way.
Dick Walt
a dividend of $30.50—more than 10 per cent.
In a treaty signed in Constantinople in 1888, the then major powers of the world agreed that the canal must at all times be open to every nation of the world. Last year it was used by ships of 40 nations.
Britain had military occupation of the canal zone for 72 years. At one time it was a vital military passageway, but the advent of jet planes and the atomic bomb drastically reduced its importance. Last year—partly at American urging—Britain pulled all of its 80,000 troops out of the canal zone.
Nasser's seizure and nationalization of the canal came within less than a year. During the Arab-Jewish war, Egypt closed the canal to Israeli ships. Some of those nations whose life blood depends on the canal see nothing to stop Egypt from making an unilateral decision again about who can use the waterway.
Inspirational?
PROVINCETOWN, Mass.—(UF)—Written on a living room bed in the home where dramatist Eugene O'Neill began his career are the words: "Before the eyes can see, they must be incapable of tears."
The colachan, a species of fish found in the northern Pacific. can be used as a candle when it is dried and has a wick run through it.
Sta
Daily hansan UNIVERSITY
Ei C
University of Kansas student newspaper
Founded in 1898, became bibweekly in 1904,
founded in 1906.
NHDent todatest, intofarm Ike.'
Tsmaing larg sigr Tru a f a b bala whi Blu
Extension 251, news room Extension 376, business offer
Member Inland Daily Press Association.
Associated Collegiate Press. Represented by National Advertising Service, 420 Madison Ave., New York. N.Y. News service: United Press. Mail subscription rates: $3 a semester or $4.50 a year. Published in Lawrence, Kan. every afternoon during the University year except Saturdays and Sundays. University Holiday Entertainments. University Entries as second-class matter Sept. 17, 1910, at Lawrence, Kan. post office under act of March 3, 1879.
Dick Walt ... Managing Editor
Margaret Armstrong, Gerald Dawson,
Larry Stroup, Louis Stroup, Assistant
Managing Editors; Kent Thomas, City
Editor; Feelcia Fenberg, Assistant City
Editor; Jane Pecinovsky, Telegraph
Editor; Dary Hall, Sports, Giants
Game Team, Assistant
Sports Editors; Betty Jean Stanford,
Society Editor; Dona Seacat, Assistant
Society Editor.
NEWS DEPARTMENT
EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT
Ray A. Wingerson ... Editorial Editor
David Webb ... Associate Editor
WINGERS DATA ENTERTAINMENT
BUSINESS DEPARTMENT
Todd Wintersen, Business Manager
Lee Flora, Advertising Manager; Joe Gound, National Advertising Manager;
John Swinter, Classified Advertising Manager; Wayne Hedges, Circulation Manager.