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University Daily Kansan
Monday, March 20, 1961
How High Space? -People Disagree
Bv Bill Wilks
United Press International
LOS ANGELES — Headlines may call the project Mercury astronaut the first man in space, but there are those who would disagree—and not just the Russians.
Which is by way of pointing up the difficulty in trying to answer the question, "Where, exactly, does space begin?"
THERE IS NO "EXACTLY." You can get half a dozen answers to this question and all are right. It depends upon which branch of space science is involved.
To the medical man, space begins about 12 miles up—some 63,000 feet —because a man's blood will boil at that height without a pressurized suit. Thus men have been flying into space for some time as far as medical science is concerned.
To the aeronautical engineer, space starts where there no longer is enough air to furnish "lift" for
airplane wings--about 35 miles above the earth.
To the space vehicle engineer, space begins where there no longer is enough air to offer serious resistance at tremendous speeds—about 160 miles from earth.
TO THE RADIO ENGINEER,
space cannot possibly start below
300 miles because radio men have
bounced radio waves from reflecting
layers of the upper atmosphere at
that height.
To the astronaut, "true" space begins up where the earth's air finally thins to nothing-600 to 1,000 miles from the earth.
What about "outer space?" There is no exact answer for this, either, although in general scientists prefer to use it for flight outside the atmosphere.
This is only the beginning. Your grandchildren and great-grandchildren, etc., will become familiar with new space terms.
False Advertising By 4-FTC Charges
WASHINGTON — (UPI) — The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has accused manufacturers of four nationally advertised pain killers with falsely advertising that their products give the fastest relief from pain.
Actually, the FTC said, "There is no significant differences in the rate of speed with which these or any other such analgesics relieve pain."
Named in the complaints were: American Home Products, Corp. (Anacin), Bristol-Myers Co. (Bufferin), Plough Inc. (St. Joseph aspirin) and Sterling Drug, Inc. (Bayer aspirin and Bayer aspirin for children).
The FTC charged that television, radio, newspapers or magazine advertisements for Anacin, Bufferin and the various aspirins falsely imply that each will relieve pain faster than any other preparation on the market.
The companies have 30 days in which to answer the complaints.
Grace is God given, but knowledge is bought in the market. Arthur Hugh Clough
Army Plans Space Radio Satellites
By Darrell Garwood United Press International
WASHINGTON — (UPI) — In its 100-year-history, the U. S. Army Signal Corps has used everything from carrier pigeons to semaphore flags to transmit military messages.
Now it's working on a $200 million project to bring military communications into the Space Age, with messages flashed to almost any spot on the globe from satellite vehicles which seem to hang stationary in space.
"Project Advent," as it's called, is intended to realize a dream that has intrigued man since the days of Jules Verne. The communications satellites will seem to be permanently suspended in one spot, 22-300 miles above the Equator, because their rotation period in orbit will be precisely the same as the earth's — approximately 24 hours.
The Signal Corps hopes to have three of the communications satellites in orbit by the end of 1964. Preliminary test shots will begin at Cape Canaveral, Fla., in mid-1962.
Instead of circling the earth like the moon and present-day artificial satellite, the "Advent" satellites will remain overhead for 24-hour duty. From their great height, their line-of-sight communications range will reach out more than 5,000 miles in all directions from a point directly below them.
Thus, a Signal Corps station 5.650 miles south of the Equator could send a short-wave message to a point 5.650 miles north of the equator through one of these satellites.
Three of them, spaced about equally around the earth's 25,000 mile waist, would provide worldwide short-wave and television communications, except for the extreme Arctic and Antarctic regions.
Present plans call for satellites weighing about 1,000 pounds each and capable of receiving and transmitting simultaneously at a rate of 120,000 words per minute.
The problem in launching is that either the satellite must be fired from a point on the Equator, or else the launching rocket must travel a "dog leg" course so that the satellite slips into an equatorial orbit from a horizontal position.
The orbit must follow the Equator if the satellite is to appear stationary.
Missile experts say the "dog leg" method probably will be chosen, using small guidance rockets to bend the launching course, but the possibility of launching from a platform at sea still is under study.
The Army's hope is to demonstrate the feasibility of such a system for the benefit of private communication firms. At present only two ground terminals are planned — at Camp Roberts, Calif., and Fort Dix, N.J. — to send and receive messages from the satellites.
The reason for the renovation is security rather than spring.
VIENNA — (UPI) — The Iron Curtain is being given the "New Look" treatment. Even the watch towers along the tense border between Austria and Hungary have been renovated.
The old wooden towers, formerly 24 to 30 feet high, have been replaced by bigger models with sturdy steel scaffolding. Telephones connect each tower with the next central station.
In. place of the bare wooden posts, the streamlined "curtain" is supported by narrow concrete girders sunk more than a yard into the earth, and topped by wooden logs which jut out, now left, now right, supporting the top rows of wire.
This renewal process has been in progress since 1957. Now, along the 250 mile-long border between Austria's Burgenland and Hungary, there are few places where the "old curtain" extends for any distance.
Earbed wire fences are now seven feet high instead of four feet high and topped with eight rows of barbed wire. Ironically this is strung in a V form.
In many places the evidences of the old wire entanglements can still be seen in the grass. In some places the old and the new stand side by side.
Inconsistencies of opinion, arising from changes of circumstances are often justifiable.—Daniel Webster
JIM'S CAFE
838 Mass.
GOOD FOOD
DAY and NIGHT
Now wire entanglements are extended as far as 50 yards from the actual border to insure against blind spots where a man could cross unnoticed by Hungarian border guards.
That the "curtain" has been strengthened is unquestioned.
To guard against the danger of the unsuspecting tourist wandering into Hungarian territory, Austrian authorities have erected six-foot-tall posts, striped red and white along the border. They are boldly lettered in red: "Attention Border."
Security Is Tightened Along Iron Curtain
PORTRAITS
of the 10 Finalists
for the
1961
Jayhawker Queen
NOW ON DISPLAY
at
HIXON STUDIO
721 Mass.
Bob Blank - Photographer
how to be roaring in your twenties
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