From Convict to Ruler Friday, March 10. 1961 University Daily Kansen Page 3 Nkrumah Had Mercurial Rise to Power By United Press International By United Press International Kwame Nkrumah, who once peddled fish in Harlem and slept on a park bench in Philadelphia, returned to the United States this week to address the United Nations and visit the White House as one of Africa's most powerful leaders. Nkrumah's climb to his present eminence began inauspiciously in a remote inland village of the Gold Coast where his father was a goldsmith and his mother sold cigarettes and rice. He describes himself as a "non-denominational Christian and a Marxist socialist." He says he sees no contradiction between the two terms. THE GREATEST SWITCH came when he stepped right out of a Gold Coast jail to become the first Negro Prime Minister of a British colony. He went on to lead his country to independence and set a pattern for a wave of African nationalism. For the President of Ghana, sometimes referred to as the "Nehru of Africa," life has been studded by such contrasts since his birth in an African mud hut 51 years ago. AIDED BY A diamond-prospecting uncle, Nkrumah set out for the United States in 1935, where he spent 10 years studying and doing odd jobs. His life in the United States was strenuous and he had to do menial jobs to keep going. But Nkrumah savits it was a "happy" time for him From 1935 to 1939 he studied at Lincoln University, in Oxford, Pa., where he won a Bachelor of Arts Degree and served as a philosophy instructor. He went on to get his master's degree at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. In 1945, Nkrumah went to London where he spent two years studying at the London school of economics and winning a law degree. The Party demanded complete independence from Britain and in 1950, Nkrumah was jailed for inciting "illegal" strikes. But in 1951, while still a prisoner, he won election to the Gold Coast Assembly set up under a new constitution. NKRUMAH RETURNED to his homeland in 1948 and a year later founded the Convention People's Party. Nkrumah was released to become government leader in the assembly and Prime Minister of the colony as it began moving toward independence. In 1953, the Gold Coast Trades Union Congress was about to be delivered by its leaders into the Communist World Federation of Trade Unions. Nkrumah, who had accepted these Union leaders as his associates, realized that such action would stall progress toward independence. KU Exchange Students StartWorkinCostaRica "KU and the University in Costa Rica have a sisterly relationship," Francis Heller, associate dean of liberal arts, said. KU participants in the Costa Rica-Kansas exchange program begin classes in San Jose this week. The students are Carolyn Hunnicut, Sabetha junior; Linda Viola, Abilene sophomore; Sarah Jane Walker, New Smyrna Beach, Fla., junior; Patricia Manuel, Kansas City, Mo. junior; Benjamin Morris, Quinter senior, Heather MacAlpine, Stillwater, Okla., sophomore; Danny White, Fredonia junior; Cleve Howard, Wichita sophomore, and Lawrence Wright, Ottawa sophomore. "Students from KU study there for one year; Costa Rican students come here to attend college, and there is a general exchange of professors. also," he said. - Costa Rican faculty members study here in the graduate school earning their doctorate degree. - Dean Heller said there are four parts to the exchange program. They are: - Exchange visitors to be administrators or assistant deans of a school. - Faculty exchange for short periods, usually during the summer, to lecture and travel. The exchange program was originated in 1960 by Rodrigo Facio, chancellor of the University of Costa Rica and Franklin D. Murphy, former KU chancellor. Their aim was an exchange of students, professors and cultural and political ideas. - The junior year plan for students. Student Gets 'Full Dope' Covering Hospital Beat By Dennis Farney A Kansan reporter leisurely strolled into Watkins Hospital and asked for the hospital director. After some delay, the doctor appeared and the reporter asked his daily question: "Anv news today?" Just a little he was told. A minor story -- something about the necessity of students availing themselves of the flu shots offered at the hospital. INDUSTRIOUSLY, the reporter gathered the information for the minor story: Number of shots needed for protection — one. Number of days needed for immunization to develop — seven to fourteen. Effectiveness of the flu vaccine — good. The interview over. The reporter turned to go, promising to see what he could do about getting the item in the paper. Like the doctor, he felt quite strongly about the necessity of students getting their flu shots, and told the physician so as they walked down the long hallway together. Watson Library is showing some of the Kansas Centennial spirit that is spreading throughout the state. Centennial Exhibit Displayed at Library THEN IT HAPPENED. "How about you . . . had your flu shot yet?" the doctor asked. The reporter paled suddenly, smiled weakly and admitted that he hadn't. He announced there would be "no exchanging British masters for Russian masters" in the Gold Coast and told his colleagues: The scene shifted rapidly from the long hallway to a small room. The reporter, having just rolled WASHINGTON —(UPI)— President John F. Kennedy today announced his selection of Walworth Barbour, a veteran foreign service officer, as the new U.S. ambassador to Israel. He again walked down the long hallway, a little more slowly than before, passed through the crowded waiting room and pushed open the plate glass door. Emitting a slight sigh, he walked out, holding his left arm gingerly, but secure in the knowledge that flu now posed his smallest problem. back his sleeve, watched grimly as the hypodermic needle-wielding nurse approached. He watched unsmilingly as a small red welt rose on his left arm, slightly above the elbow. "It is not in the best interests of our country for any nationalist engaged in the struggle for independence to allow himself to be used by a Communist organization." A native of Massachusetts, Barbour entered the career foreign service shortly after being graduated from Harvard in 1930. He will be nominated to succeed Ogden R. Reid. JFK Picks Barbour Israel Ambassador Barbure has served in a number of Mediterranean countries including Italy, Greece, Bulgaria and Egypt. He also served from 1949 to 1951 as Counsellor Embassador in Moscow. The library has set up three displays in the main lobby depicting the early history of Kansas. James Lane, the first U.S. Senator of Kansas, and Charles Robinson, Kansas' first governor are commemorated in the displays. There are speeches, letters and photographs in the displays which give a broader view of the life and problems confronting the people of early statehood days in Kansas. Nkrumah also waged a campaign against corruption and bribery in the Gold Coast. On March 6, 1957, Nkrumah's dream came true and the Gold Coast gained its independence as the independent nation of Ghana, and Nkrumah became Prime Minister. THE COMMUNISTS were purged from Union leadership. Last July 1, Ghana became a republic within the British Commonwealth and Nkrumah stepped up to the Presidency of the nation of some 5 million population. There are also documents shown related to the state's formally joining the Union and the acceptance of the Wandotte Constitution. Law School Gives Tuition Scholarships The school of law has awarded 23 tuition scholarships for the spring semester. Student barrists receiving tuition are Ronald K. Badger, Kansas City; Edward L. Bailey, Atchison; James L. Berglund, McPherson; Lawrence J. Brennan, Kansas City; Charles A. Chartier, Clyde; Robert R. Crawford, Salina; Alan Frame, Wichita; Charles J. Garland, Wellington; William P. Haas, Ness City; Thomas D. Herlocker, Winfield; N. William Hines, Olathe; John Hurley, Emporia. James B. Lowe, Winfield; Aubrey G. Linville, Salina; George Maier, Kansas City; David Mills, Arkansas City; Kenneth G. McIntyre, Livonia, Mich.; Polly Peppercorn, Lawrence; James L. Rose, Topeka; Gordon D. Ryan, Russell; Scott Stanley, Bethel; Mike L. Stout, Bazaar; and Charles J. Woodin, Wichita. RECORD SALE RCA - Capitol - Angel ALL 25% OFF BELL'S Music Co. 95 Mass. 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