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THE PURITAN AND THE CAVALIER
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Winning Oration in the State Oratorical Contest, by E. W. Nayior of Washburn College.
The Puritan and the Cavalier colliding formed modern England; uniting established our republic. The cavalier sprang from chivalry, the flower of feudalism, a chivalry fostered by caste and maintained by princes. He defended the king against usurpation of power by party or sect; he upheld the royal prerogative. The Puritan was born of freedom of thought and action. His awakened conscience revolted against the power of caste in church or state; he combined religious independence with civil liberty. Law incarnate in royalty was the embodiment of cavalierism; law and liberty, the basis of puritanism.
While the cavalier was reinstating the monarchy overthrown by Cromwell, the Puritan was founding our republic Subsequently, however, the cavaler imprinted his vigor and statesmanship upon our constitution and declaration of rights. His lofty principles of liberty were accompanied by irrepressible bony-ancy and to live gaudily gallanty. "He knew how to gracefully, fight stoutly and die honorably" With austere face and uncharitable mien, the Puritan of New England stands upon the canvas of history a somber, ungraceful figure, void of the delicate colorings of gentleness and forms of politeness. His character was an example of simple, rugged, but genuine manhood. His doctrine read: "Faith in God, faith in man, faith in works"—a creed ample for this life and that which is to come. Threatened by a common enemy, the chivalrous cavalier of Virginia stood side by side with' the stalwart Puritan of New England; Washington, Jefferson, Lee and Patrick Henry; Hancock, Green, Putnam and Adams. Such were the characters—refined by the R·man, the French and the Norman; tempered by the Angle, the Saxon and the Briton—that established our republic.
Pointing to the revolutionary soldier, the world exclaimed, "An American!" But no, the American was not yet. The Puritan and the cavalier by the issue of the revolution were not amalgamated. Adhering to hereditary traits and inclinations they effected distinctive developments. The cavaler founded his civilization upon caste. With him property was for the few, education for the few, labor for the negro. Slavery dulled the conscience, impoverished the masses and made a feudal despot of every planter. The Puritan, attracted to a climate congenial to his sterling energies, founded his civilization upon the cottage home. Follow him through the sturdy commonwealth permeated by his spirit of progress; see the foundations, factories, churches, colleges and common schools—the monuments of material development and intellectual freedom. The south, Virginia branded with the mark of offsetrossi on, the north Massachusetts stamped with the elements of progress. Caste, sovereignty and bonded labor produced Hayne and Calhoun; the excessive animus of slavery brought forth Quantrell's band, the Younger brothers and John Wilkes Booth. Free labor and free thought developed Garrison, Phillips and—will you deny it?—John Brown, who, his great soul bursting with sympathy for the bondmen, dared a nation, and fell-trator or patriot—a martyr to his convictions.
Politically the Puritan and Cavalier were intensely partisan, opposed the one to the other. It was well; opposition and antagonism underlie progress; we recognize greatness by comparison. Superiority is worthy of pride in the degree that rivals are mutually worthy of respect. It matters very little which party dominates, but which achieves the greatest good. The inherent tendencies of the north and south produced from the beginning different interpretations of the constitution. Individuality developed; interest widened; thought diverged; opinion ripened into argument, which culminated in that matchless debate of 1830. With all the elegance of rhetoric and an ardor worthy of a more righteous cause, Robert Hayne then set forth the precepts of southern chivalry, state rights and caste sovereignty—the mutterings of the great rebellion. The reply comes like a thunderbolt. Daniel Webster, with bolder genius, more convincing logic and a holic cause, addresses the senate while a nation listens. The occasion grows upon him. His great arm rises and falls with the deep cadence of his voice. His ponderos sentences well up from the full fountain of federal unity. He strips from iniquity the splendid garb of chivalry and shatters the fallacies of state rights. Then clank the skacks of four million slaves; then treedom's shout rings round the world; then the solemn vow of the great north goes thundering $u_p$ to heaven. "This union shall be preserved."
Partisanship had now become sectionalism; under the former a republic is capable of the highest development under the latter there remains but a step of disunion. In the light of history the question is not, "Why should there have been war?" but "How was war so long averted?" The north and the south fortified alike by logic and eloquence would make no concessions, accept no compromise. War was the only arbiter. It confirmed the principles of the Paritian revolutionized the civilization of the cavalier and vindicated, once for all, our free institutions. And, more, it broke down partition walls; it facilitated communication between the north and the south; it unified commercial interests. It smoothed the way for northern industry and individuality to permeate the south, and for the genial temperament and warm-hearted hospitality of the south to enter northern society. It softened prejudices; it quickened the pulse of civilization; it enlightened the pulse. It was good. The civil war was the consecration of our republic. For it, cut the nerves of sectionalism and bound the north and south together with the cords of peace. It made possible the ultimate fusion of Puritan and Cavalier tendencies. These the full-rounded American character must be imbody. For a national character must be the resultant of those energies within the nation which are dominant and representative. The American character has not yet come to the citizen masses, but the type has appeared. It is found in him—cavalier by birth, a Puritan by education—at whose sudden taking off strong men wept like children and the national pulse stood. Yes. "From the union of the Puritan and cavalier, show perfecting through a century, from the straightening of their purposes and the crossing of their blood, came one who stands as the first typical American, who first comprehended within himself all the strength and gentleness, all the majesty and grace of this republic—Abraham Lincoln. He was greater than Puritan, greater than cavalier. For, in his ardent nature were fused the virtues of both, and in the depths of his great soul the faults of both were lost." In this type, the ideal, we may conceive the real.
The prestige which the espoused principles of a nation have in the world's progress is of vital significance in the estimation of national life. To a political religious and social world ruled by caste and sect, the declaration that all men were cacated equal was a glittering absurdity. The discovery of the paradox therein contained has revolutionized the world and shaped the progress of the nineteenth century. The spirit of western liberty breathes upon France and the French revolution prepares the way for the republic. The cry of "Liberty and Equality" nerves the sinewy frame of the slave of San Domingo; he springs into the full stature of a man and gives the commonwealth an impetus toward the Haytian republic. Democracy rise in Mexico, in South America, in Africa, and in the islands of the sea. Greece throws off the yoke of Ottoman despotism and limits the imperial power. The wonder of to-day is Brazil, transformed in a night. Portugal waves between caste
J. L. TAYLOR & SON, Successor to CARMEAN & HARBAUGH, LIVERY AND HACK STABLES The Best Hacks and Finest Livery in the City.
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power and equal rights. The masses of Europe, throbbing with the pulsations of liberty and with "muscles and sinews hardening and knotting for the struggle."
Wait for the dawn of a brighter day.
To snap the chain the moment when they may.
The world voices the once experimental assertion, now practically demonstrated truth, all men are created equal—not in natural abilities, but in the inalienable rights of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
GEO. R. SHANE Photographer.
What of the republic? The energies and virtues of the Puritan and the cavalier are not dead. Dead! They are but straightened and strengthened by years of exertion in antagonism. They are wove and knit into the fabric of our commonwealth. They permeate all the
Superior to the revolutionary is the formative element in civilization. Frenzy and fanaticism may rebel and overthrow as Robespierre in the French revolution; but sagacity and statesmanship create and reform as the Puritan and the cavalier, immortalizing their formative forces in the development of the United States. To this development the energies of both have contributed. The Puritan has been the tower of strength; the cavalier element when antagonistic, like friction in an electrical machine, has resisted and seemingly hindered, but all the while power was being accumulated. The influence of the cavaler may be less prominent on the formation of our republic, but because two parts of hydrogen unite with one of oxygen to form water, is oxygen, therefore, unnecessary? Our institutions are so deeply rooted in the perpetual that two centuries of unrestricted immigration have not preceptibly changed them. They appeal to the noblest qualities in all nationalities; immigrants assimilate with the type most congenial. Aided, therefore, from whatever sources, the energies of both Puritan and cavaliar will continue to be the vital forces in our national life. With such inherent energies stimulating its very fiber, public sentiment is not content merely to preserve, but seeks reformation and perfection in continued development. One by one the elements discordant with perfect national unity are being eliminated. Significant is the sorrow at the untimmied death of Georgia's son. The head lines read, "Henry W. Grady Dead," but back of the candid, loyalhearted brother, the north sees the new south. That new south, pansing over the grave of her brilliant, devoted son, beholds her resources, her possibilities, her privileges and duties—hers-if, as an important factor of our nation. The new south is wiser than the old. She is discriminating as regards her highest good. The inspiration of northern industry courses through her veins. The hum of factories and whirr of machinery rise like a New England hymn. "There was a south of slavery and secession; that south is dead. There is a south of union and freedom; that south is living, breathing, growing every hour." North and south, universal education as elevating the masses; the dignity of labor is becoming more prevalent, loyalty and patriotism, which hold neither section in suspicion and estrangement, are supplanting intolerance. The result is inevitable.
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secret bonds of society; throb in every pulse of our national life, charging it with the tremendous meaning of an ideal republic. We, as a people, standing on the vantage ground of incomparable achievements, can not but recognize that man in society, conscience in religion, strength and dignity in government, and the eternal permanence of individuality, emanated from the Puritan and the cavalier; and that public opinion, conserving the wisdom and heeding the experience of the past, now moves forward in the path of reform, conscious that our national life must be perfected by interior development and progress.
Literary Societies.
The following programs will be presented by the different societies to-night:
SEMINARY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE.
Farmer's O'organizations. ... A. L. Burney
The Emergency Rate. ... Prof. Blackmar
Trades Unions and Wages. ...
SEMINARY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE.
SCIENCE CLUB.
Second Paper on Book Illustration Prof. Marvin
Election of Officers.
Reports of Committees.
PHARMACUTICAL.
Sol of Phosphates...Hackett
Border Line of Science...Miss Priestly
(Pijunvy Poem...Kennedy
Report of Pharmacological Literature-Chap.
ADELPHIC.
Declaration...A. H. Couch
Dration...D. R. Krehbelt
Reading...Guy Sackett
Essay...C. M. Sherer
Declaration...W J. Coleman
Dration...L. R Traver
Reading...Wm. Musters
Access...
DEBATE—Resolved, That Count Tolstoi's doctrine of non-resistance is a feasible solution of the difficulties of Society.
Affirmative Negative.
H. C. Riggs. W. W. Brown.
G. O. Virtue H. R. Linville
UNIVERSITY LITERARY CLUB.
UNIVERSITY LITERARY CLUB. The Literary Club will hold a meeting devoted exclusively to organization and other business.
Rev E C Smith late, of Oxford University is expected to address the young men at the Y. M. C. A Sunday. We would invite the students to this service. Mr Smith is a forcible speaker and highly entertaining. Service commence at 4 and closes at 5 p. m.
Bargains in Gloves at Abe Levy's.
Fresh meat at Chas. Hess, 937 Mass. street.
You will always find the newest things in Collars and Cuffs at Bromelsick's.
Call at the Star Meat Market for anything in our line and we will please you.
New Collars and Ties at Ab Levy's.
Abe Levy has just received his new spring Hats.
Little Lord Fauntleroy Friday and Saturday evening at Bowersock's Opera House.
Call at the Star Meat Market and get our rates to clubs. Lowest in the city.
Nelie Bly Caps,the very latest for ladies just received at Ab Levy's.
Black Handkerchiefs, Black Hosiery, Black Four in-Hands and Ties, Black Jewelry for Shirts at BROMELSICK S.
New Windsor Caps for spring;
wear just receive at Abe Levy's.
At Bowersock's Opera House Friday and Saturday evening Little Lord Fauntleroy will be presented by the U and Club.
Go to the Star Meat Market for fresh meats,
Mrs. Stewart O. Henry formerly Miss Thatcher, a graduate of K S. U. will take the part of Lady Lorredale in Little Lord Fauntleroy Friday and Saturday at the Opera House.
Students will be politely treated and promptly served at Taylor's Livery Barn opposite Lawrence House.
Hot and cold baths at Gregg & Johnson's.
Monday evening's Record devoted half a column to the publication of an interview on the rate question with "W. T. Caywood of Vining, Kansas, one of the most extensive grain dealers of the northwest." He is supposed to be identical with our Billy Caywood of last year.