THE UNIVERSITY COURIER.
VOL. I.
LAWRENCE, KANSAS. OCTOBER 10, 1878.
NO.1.
PUR PWN.
W. F. Street is at Baxter Springs.
Ed. S. Robinson is at his home in Weedsport, N. Y. Andrew Atchison, 77, is teaching in Franklin County.
C. S. Finch has entered the Law Department of Michigan University.
V. F. Brown is attending the Northwestern University at Evanston, Ill.
Miss Dollie Campbell, 75, is one of the teachers in the city schools of Topeka.
Miss Ida (Blood) Hasselman, 74, is visiting relatives and friends in the city.
Mrs. Gertrude (Boughton) Blackwelder, '75, is visiting friends in the city.
The genial Wallace, of Silverton, Colorado, is daily expected by his numerous friends.
A. C. Scott, 77, having returned from his recent trip to Europe, is at his home in Iola.
Wm. Osburn, the temperance orator of 77, we regret to learn, is sick at Wilmington, Ill.
Harry Downs is taking practical lessons in carving in the Medical Department of Michigan University.
George Clark, ex-student, formerly of Fort Scott, is in the General Offices of the M.R., F.S. & G. railroad, at Kansas City.
Henry S. Tremper, 76, upholder of legal ethics, is visiting his alma mater, and thinks of locating in Kansas. Success to you, "Tremp."
J. J. Houston is at Garnett. We are sorry to learn that "Jim" has been afflicted with rheumatism during the greater part of vacation.
Of the class of 78, Miss Anna Mozley is teaching at Wyandotte, Miss De Etta Warren at Manhattan, and Miss Kate Williams at Lawrence.
Miss Lizzie Yeagley, a former student of the Kansas State University, but now a resident of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, is visiting friends in the city.
John M. Walker, '80, is in Kansas City, and is connected with the city circulation of the Daily Journal. John has decided not to enter the regular army.
Harry Rankin, after a severe examination, succeeded in entering the U. S. Naval Academy, at the head of his class. Harry is now a full fledged cadet midshipman.
E. P. Tremper, who has been sick for about a month, is, we are happy to state, rapidly recovering, and will soon show his familiar countenance at the Western Union Telegraph Office.
Frank D. Altman, '80, is a member of the present Junior class of Wittenberg. He favored Lawrence with a visit during vacation. Frank cannot stay away from his first love.
Elmer B. Tucker, 76, is a member of the present Senior class, at the Theological Seminary located at Newton, Mass. His last vacation was spent at Lynn. He contemplates a visit to Kansas next summer.
Colin Timmons, '77, the logician, is principal of the city schools of Louisburg, Kansas. From a private letter we learn he spends his leisure moments in the philosophical study of Baxter's "Saint's Rest."
Frank P. Clarke, who, in times gone by, was accustomed to give vent to his eloquence in University Hall, is now Deputy Circuit Clerk of Jackson County, Mo., and is located at Kansas City. He will probably soon sail for France.
Frank H. Morgan, the mention of whose name will recall many recollections to the minds of the older students, having recently graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, has been honored with a tutorship in that institution.
Bion S. Hutchins, 80, is in charge of the schools of Thayer, Kansas. Hutchins won for himself more than a local reputation last summer as an instructor in the Montgomery County Normal Institute. Mr.H.intends to resume his studies in the University next session.
P. W. Magrath, an ex-student of K. S. U., and latterly a graduate of the Law Department of Michigan University, has formed a co partnership with A. H. Kagy, of Kansas City, for the practice of his profession. We are sure all students of the Kansas University having legal business in Kansas City will place it in the hands of Magrath & Kagy.
Will F. Sargent, 76, occupies a responsible position in the new banking house of Armour Bros., of Kansas City, Mo. "Soc." was first connected with the First National Bank, and when that institution closed its doors he stepped into the employ of the Mastin Bank, when they "Crisped" he was offered a similar position in the new bank above mentioned, and in which he will probably remain.
Frank F. Dinsmoor, 75, still "holds the fort" at the Court House. Frank is an honored son of K. S. U., has served one term as Superintendent of Public Instruction in Douglas County, and was unanimously nominated by his party for reelection. The State Superintendent lately complimented Dinsmoor very highly upon having the best annual report of any Superintendent in the State. He is deservedly popular in Douglas County, and will be re-elected by a handsome majority.
The Kansas Academy of Science held an interesting session at Topeka, on the 8th and 9th inst. Papers were read, by Prof. Patrick, "On some Kansas Minerals," and "On the so-called 'Alkali;'" by Prof. Snow, "On Additions to the Catalogue of Kansas Birds," and "On the Dermal Covering of the Mosasauroid Reptiles of the Cretaceous Formation in Western Kansas;" by Miss Anna Mozley, "On the Relation of Insects to Plants." On Wednesday evening, Prof. Snow delivered an able and interesting lecture, in Representative Hall, on the subject"The Birds of Kansas."
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THE UNIVERSITY COURIER.
CONTRIBUTIONS.
CHINESE IMMIGRATION.
The subject of Chinese immigration is a question of great importance to the American people, and like all questions of great importance, has two sides. I believe that at present there is no difference of opinion as to the effect of the wholesale importation of Chinese, upon society. All, I believe, admit, as they are compelled to by stubborn facts, that the Chinese are neither good citizens, nor are liable ever to become such, but, on the contrary, are the most immoral class of people represented in this country. The question, then, has resolved itself into this: "Has the Government the right to prohibit Chinese immigration?" But, before touching upon this phase of the question, we propose to show, upon good authority, that society is injured by having a large number of Chinese in its midst. In the first place, the poor day laborer living in a community flooded with Chinese, is made to feel, most painfully, that the Chinese element contributes to the misery of himself and his family. It is well known that the social habits of the Chinese are such that they can not only live but make money, on wages so meagre that an American laborer receiving the same wages would starve, to say nothing of his family. The result is that the Chinese are willing to work for less wages than the American laborer. Now capitalists are not, as a general thing, philanthropists, hence, regard less of the result, American laborers are discharged by the wholesale, and their places filled with those who can live and grow fat on a few cents worth of rice per day. Now this is not an overdrawn picture. It is an actual fact. In several large manufacturing establishments in Massachusetts, none but Chinese laborers are employed, for the obvious reason that Chinese labor is much cheaper than American labor. In an article which appeared in the New York Tribune several years ago, it was stated that hundreds of American laborers were thrown out of employment and reduced from independent laborers to dependent objects of charity, simply because they were unable to work for the same wages as the Chinese. It is an impossibility for an American and his family to live as cheaply as a "heathen Chinee," and the result is, as the facts testify, that the Chinese element in a community converts good, industrious American citizens into so many paupers. What, then, has a community to show as the result of the introduction of Chinese into their midst? Nothing but paupers, and heathens who can never be converted into good citizens. Thus it is manifest that Chinese immigration is detrimental to the interests of American laborers.
I started out by saying that the Chinese are, as a class, the most immoral people in the country, and am prepared to make good this assertion by testimony taken before a committee of the Senate of the State of California in the summer of 76. A captain of a British vessel, who had been engaged for several years in the Chinese traffic, testified that the standard of morality is so much lower among the Chinese than among the English, that the English government would not permit the Chinese to immigrate to their country, and he hoped never to see such a thing take place; that they measure morals by interest; that it is all nonsense to talk of converting a Chinese, of making a good law-abiding citizen of him; that they will do anything for money—will believe anything you ask, so long as the money lasts, but take away that incentive, and they immediately relapse into their natural state — heathenism and idolatry.
A San Francisco policeman testified that the presence of the Chinese in the State, is demoralizing; that they have a secret tribunal that inflicts the most barbarous cruelties upon those of their number who dare to renounce the Chinese customs; that he never saw a Chinaman whom he would believe under oath. A lawyer of San Francisco testified that they are unreliable witnesses; that they will sometimes swear so as to convict at preliminary examinations, but on trial they turn square around, and swear the other way; that there was no doubt in his mind, that several innocent men, within the brief space of three months, had been sentenced to long terms of imprisonment, through the medium of perjury on the part of the Chinese; that as a class they are naturally vicious, untruthful and dishonest, and that he was fearful of the result of their presence in our country; that while their presence here has no tendency whatever to elevate their own morals, it has a most decided tendency to degrade the morals of the American people.
To the report of the committee referred to, we are indebted for the following additional facts furnished by the most experienced and reliable witnesses.
During their residence in the State of California, the Chinese, amounting to 110,000 in number, have earned $180,000. 000, only a small per cent. of which has been spent in this country. Thus the Chinese have taken out of this country nearly $180,000,000, and what have they left to the country in return for this enormous sum of money? Nothing whatever. I ask, would it not have been infinitely more beneficial to the country if employment had been given to 110,000 Americans and their families, earning and spending from 60 to 70 millions of dollars per annum? One can easily imagine the state of prosperity which would arise from such a change.
Whenever a country contains a class of people who cannot be forced to obey her laws; who, while accumulating large sums of money, do not pay a sufficient amount of tax to defray the expense of imprisoning the criminals among their number; who make the country so much the poorer for their presence, by hoarding up and carrying away to their native country all their earnings; who will not be civilized; who are a class of liars, thieves, perjurers and libertines, ruining thousands of the country's youth, it seems to me that nothing more is necessary to convince any civilized being, not void of
THE UNIVERSITY COURIER.
3
common sense, that it is extremely injurious to that country to have such a class of people within her boundaries.
Now we come to the consideration of the much mooted question—Has the country the right to prohibit Chinese immigration? It seems to me, we might just as well ask: Has the country the right to protect her interests? I think I have shown quite clearly that the presence of the Chinese is detrimental to the interests of the country, and if we acknowledge that the Government has the right to look after her interests, it seems to me that we are bound to acknowledge that the right to prohibit the immigration of a people whose presence is injurious to the country. Those who argue the other side of the question, hold that such a measure would be incompatible with the Constitution of the United States; that it would be unjust to prevent any one class of people from immigrating to our country while permitting and even encouraging immigration from other classes.
Whatever tends to injure the interests of the people of a country should undoubtedly be prohibited by legislation. All governments reserve this right—the right of self protection. Acknowledging this principle, we can come to no other conclusion than, since Chinese immigration is detrimental to the interests of our country, the Government should take steps to suppress it. F.R.
THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE MIND.
The human mind is that living, vital, active principle in man that perceives, resolves, remembers, reasons, loves, hopes, fears, desires, compares and aspires after immortality. It is that faculty that raises man above the brute creation, and places him among the higher order of intelligences and allies him to the angelic and divine. It is immortal in its nature, and is full of undying thoughts and sublime conceptions. It can resist the power and progress of time, and bid defiance to decay, and dart through space and span the Universe and scatter around it, in living and breathing creations, the ample evidences of its divinity. It can throw its richness into the arts, 'till rapture shall stand still to gaze upon it. It can embody into marble all the fervor and intensity of passion, and all the sublimity of its emotion. It can infuse into language an eloquence that can move and melt and charm the heart of the world. It grasps things past and links them with the present, and, by the light of the past and the experience of the present, looks into the future with joyous hope and earnest expectation.
But what advantages are to be derived from the improvement of this faculty? Much every way. An improved mind forms the basis of all true honor and felicity. Not the lustre of a noble birth, not the influence of wealth, not the pomp of titles, not the splendors of power can give dignity to the mind that is destitute of improvement. By this faculty we may claim relationship with angels, and be made to rise higher and higher forever in the scale of being. Such, indeed, is the inherent worth of the improvement of this faculty, that it has always been represented under the most pleasing images. It has been compared to light, that most valuable and reviving part of nature, and to that glorious luminary which is the most beautiful and transporting object our eyes behold. It is also of great importance to our personal and private happiness, as it furnishes us with a pleasure that cannot be met with, or derived from the possession of inferior enjoyments. It furnishes us with a fine entertainment, which adds a relish and a
pleasure to prosperity, and cheers, consoles and alleviates adversity. It throws a lustre upon greatness and reflects an honor upon poverty, causing its possessor, whether he be the monarch upon his throne, or the humble and lowly day laborer, to stand as the crowning work of his creator. It also instructs us how to employ our different talents for the benefit of mankind. It makes us capable of advising others, and hence, we become the lights of the world and are enabled to diffuse those beneficent beams around us which shall shine on benighted travelers and point out to them the pathway of ree- titude and bliss. It also tends to destroy bigotry and intolerant enthusiasm. To its enlightening and purifying influence we are indebted for all we have and all we enjoy of literature and the sciences, religious freedom and toleration.
Before the reformation, for many centuries, the iron hand of bigotry and into'erance had gradually extinguished the lamp of intelligence. Science received a deadly blow. Liberty of thought and conscience was bound hand and foot. Gross darkness and ignorance took possession of the minds of the people, and the glorious light of knowledge, human and divine, was obscured by worse than Egyptian darkness. But through the instrumentality of such men as Luther, Zuinglius, and Melancthon, taking in their hands the source of all wisdom, the foundation of all knowledge, the means of all purity, the standard of all freedom (the Bible), to which we are indebted for the refinement and general cultivation of the understandings of men, the shackles of ignorance were broken in pieces.
It also points out to us all the branches of science, that are intended to bless and adorn our existence, and we are enabled to contemplate, with wonder and delight, "those beautiful arches that rise so immensely high, and stretch so immeasurably wide; that stupendous amphitheatre, amidst whose expansive circuit, orbs of the most dreadful grandeur are perpetually running their amazing races; to those unfathomable depths, where worlds unnumbered float, and, to our unlimited sight, worlds unnumbered are lost."
There is a great and glorious future opening for the improvement of the mind. No stone is left unturned, no art left unimproved, that will afford facilities for condensing and compressing, into a narrow compass, all the themes of observation and all the subjects of investigation, that they may be readily comprehended in a few years.
The improvement of this faculty, also, fits us for the enjoyment of each other's society. Man is created a social being. He loves to associate and mingle with his kind, exchange thoughts, and reciprocate feelings, the experience of each improving the mind and directing the reflections of the other. But can the mind of the one that is cultivated derive pleasure and satisfaction from one that is not? Not at all. Then he seeks his equal, and in interchange of views and discussion of topics with which both may be familiar, there is great pleasure and enjoyment.
Among the many means of improving the mind, are those of experience, observation and conversation; the last, but not least, is that of careful and systematical reading; reading only such works as will add to our stock of knowledge and cause us to grow in intellectual strength, and by means of which we may become conversant with nearly all the branches of learning, that tend to elevate and ennoble our race, that will also be to us a source of profit as well as pleasure, and a blessing to all with whom we may come in contact. G. T. S.
4
THE UNIVERSITY COURIER.
The University Courier,
A Monthly Publication Devoted to the Interests of the
KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY.
CONDUCTED BY AN ORGANIZATION OF STUDENTS.
Price of Subscription, Fifty Cents per School Year.
RATES OF ADVERTISING - $81.00 per Inch, First Insertion; 50 Cents per Inch each Subsequent Insertion.
CARRIE M. WATSON, 77,
W. E. STEVENS, 79,
SCOTT HOPKINS, 81,
R. W. E. TWITCHELL, 81.
Asst. Editors.
C. V. KING, Business Manager.
H. C. BURNETT, Editor.
SALUTATORY.
In presenting to our friends the first number of a paper to be conducted by the students of the University of Kansas, it is but fitting that we should give our readers and patrons a brief outline of our objects and intentions. We shall endeavor, in conducting this paper, to keep in view three objects, viz: to keep a faithful record of all college events, to encourage and stimulate all projects having for their object the welfare of our institution, and, so far as lies in our power, to disseminate throughout the State of Kansas, information concerning the facilities and advantages of the institution which was founded by the munificence of her people, and which her liberality supports.
In the publication of this number we have been confronted by many difficulties attendant upon the first issue of any paper. We have received the aid of many friends, and the opposition of some whom we know are not enemies. To all of whom we are truly grateful; to the first for showing their friendship in time of need, to the second for giving us a stimulus to do our duty, for, though opposition seems unpleasant for the time being, we know it will incite us to ultimate success.
In the conduct of the financial department of our paper, our most sanguine hopes have been more than realized.
To our friends and patrons we have only to say that we have come among you, and we have come to stay, and we hope by earnest effort and close attention to duty, to merit your patronage and support. That our rivals may prosper, and that the University of Kansas may continue in her glorious career, and take her stand at the head of the colleges of the West, is the heartfelt wish of the UNIVERSITY COURIER.
The first number of the Kansas Collegiate for 1878-9 has been issued. It contains a faithful account of the memorial exercises held in the University in commemoration of the late Prof. Bardwell, several valuable and well written essays by students of the University, and a full complement of college news and personals. Mr. W. H. Carruth is chief editor, and is ably assisted by Miss Florence Finch and Messrs. S. M. Smith and W. G. Raymond. We are pleased to learn that the paper starts out upon another year of its existence with flattering prospects—financial and otherwise. The Collegiate deserves the patronage of all students and friends of the University.
THE KANSAS COLLEGIATE.
COLLEGIANA.
The gas jets in University Hall are to be lighted by electricity.
The rope-pull, last Friday, between the Sophomores and Freshmen, resulted in a victory for the latter.
In her entomological collection, Kansas University ranks second in the list of American colleges.
The forthcoming number of the Western Review of Science and Industry will contain an obituary notice of the late Prof. Bardwell.
We notice a paragraph going the rounds of the press, that "fourteen" counties are represented in the University. Multiply it by three and then you will have it.
We are informed that a University Social is on the tapis. A similar one was had in the early part of last year, and the universal verdict was that it was a success, and was productive of much good.
The cadets are jubilant over the prospect of a target practice, which is promised at an early day. The new supply of ammunition has arrived, also cartridge boxes, and swords for non-commissioned officers. The new swords are beauties, and we think all the boys will want to be non-commissioned officers when they see them.
The Juniors have of late been exercising their minds upon the subject of sound, and have given practical illustrations upon their innumerable tin horns. If we are to put any confidence in the words of the poet, we are compelled to yield that many in the immediate vicinity are "fit for treasons, strategems and spoils."
Prof. Patrick is gaining an extensive reputation as a competent chemist. A short time ago, the Kansas City papers contained extended accounts of his analysis of a certain baking powder. That, in connection with the Associated Press dispatch sent from Kansas City last spring, is quite an advertisement for the Professor.
Prof. Marvin's surveying class is at present engaged in surveying a railroad from the University west to the place where the Carbondale road crosses the Wakarusa. Just when the road will be built has not yet been decided, but one thing is certain, viz: the boys are getting an excellent practice in the use of the instruments.
A few of the many friends of Miss Hattie Baker surprised her at her home on Adams street, on the evening of the 3rd inst. The party took possession of the spacious mansion, "gorgeous" refreshments were served by the hostess, and at a late hour the guests departed to their homes delighted with the evening's entertainment.
Never before in the history of our institution has there been so large a body of intelligent and fine-looking students in attendance as at present. And upon the whole they are more quiet and attentive to business than ordinarily. We have as yet learned of no missing gates, or upturned sidewalks, no dilapidated fence owner has threatened to bring his shot-gun into requisition; we have heard no complaints from farmers of empty hen-roosts. The citizens may rest in peace, and the police need have no cause for alarm.
THE UNIVERSITY COURIER.
5
Last Friday evening the I. C.'s gave a reception to the Beta's, at the residence of Miss Clara Morris, on Louisiana street. Music and dancing were the features of the evening. A sumptuous feast was served, such as none but I. C.'s know how to serve. All present enjoyed themselves "hugely," and the boys are enthusiastic in their praises of the I. C. Sorosis.
The winter's supply of coal has been hauled to the University, and what could not be put in the coal room is piled up beneath a shed erected for the purpose in the rear of the building. This providence speaks well for those who have the matter in charge, but the poor student will lose the pleasure of watching the overloaded teams stick in the mud.
We have received the first two numbers of The University Pastime, published by Meservey and Thacher, of the University. It is a live, neat and spicy little sheet. In the first number, the object of the paper is clearly defined to be "to create a greater interest in the various amusements and recreations which tend to rest the brains and invigorate the bodies of the University students." We predict for the Pastime abundant success.
A large and valuable addition has recently been made to the University Library. The new books consist chiefly of choice works in English and American literature.Notably among the list may be found a full set of Waverly Novels, works of Hawthorne, DeQuincy, Webster, Irving, Lowell, and many single volumes of various authors, prominent among which we noticed a beautiful volume of Bryant's Poems.
During last year, our friend Mr. W. E. Foster, with the able assistance of his brothers Festus and Dick, organized a Sunday School in the old University building. At first it was but slimly attended, but the Fosters, with their characteristic zeal and energy, were not to be baffled by adverse circumstances. They went to work, and now, as the result of their pluck, they can each Sunday point to about fifty diligent pupils, each eager to listen to the expounding of the Scriptures. This work of the Foster brothers is certainly commendable, and they should receive encouragement from their fellow-students.
To those who wish to study the history of the ages which have preceded us in the formation of our planet, we earnestly advise a visit to Prof. Snow's lecture room. There the Professor may be found busily engaged in extracting from the rock the remains of a Saurian. The fossils are in a perfect state of preservation, being firmly imbedded in a species of soft, light-colored sandstone. Considering the "shaking up" which the bones must have undergone in past ages, they exhibit a wonderful regularity of arrangement. There may be found the spinal vertebrae, the ribs, and the immense claws, all in a wonderful degree of perfection. On one piece of the stone may actually be seen in unmistakable outline a portion of the hide of the animal. This is something entirely new to science, for in all the previous discoveries of fossils, none has ever been found containing any portion of the hide. The discovery of these valuable specimens was made in June last, by Prof. F. H. Snow. They were found in Gove county, along the line of the K. P. road, in Western Kansas. We are informed that Yale College is anxious to obtain the specimens, and has written to the officers of our institution with a view of purchasing; but the Regents are fully aware of the great scientific value of the specimens, and will undoubtedly keep them for the great Western University.
UNIVERSITY LOCALS.
Why don't the military company have some rifle shooting? Silk handkerchiefs are extremely popular. Ask Peters and Tuttle.
There is one thing we do admire in H—s; he don't keep feeling his moustache to see if it is still there.
What kind of lectures are we to have this session? A course in United States history would be agreeable.
The return of such a large number of old students, as well as the presence of new ones, is a fair indication of the increasing popularity of our University.
One good looking Senior has a nose like a pump handle, another like a spout, but Bird knows there is no nose like the nose surrounded by a Platonian beard.
Poet (?) to his lady love : "Don't you think side whiskers become me?" Miss E.: "Yes, indeed, the more your face is covered, the better you look."
As the season for foot-ball approaches, something should be done towards organizing class "elevens." Too much cannot be said in this respect, and the sooner something is done the better.
We have it from reliable authority that if a certain reckless society Sophomore gets through Trigonometry, he will immediately telegraph to his fond and doting parent: "Kill the prodigal son, the fatted calf is through Trigonometry."
The rhetorical exercises of the Freshman class show very plainly that they have talent that needs development. If more interest was taken by all students in making good selections, and in thorough preparation, this part of chapel exercises would be far more pleasant and instructive.
R—e keeps bachelor's hall, and it is rumored has no equal in the culinary department. One day last week he met with quite an accident. While coming home from down town, he stepped upon a piece of orange peel, and promptly sat down upon a pint of yeast in his coat pocket. He rose immediately.
A gallant Soph. on inquiring of a certain professor how marks were to be made up in a certain study, was made happy by the following answer: "I shall not enter upon a mathematical and mechanical analysis of your absences, but I will take into consideration the general content of your ability." Perhaps the Professor was speaking figuratively.
The great rope pull between the Freshman and Sophs. came off on the 4th inst. This contest was undoubtedly one of brains vs. muscle. The Freshmen, this year, are exceedingly large and strong, especially in their feet, which accounts mainly for their success. They are a bright set of infants, and with the aid of a few more outsiders, we think they might possibly outpull a five hundred mule power.
A certain Freshman who stands unusually high in his classes, was very anxious to be promoted in the military company. Under these circumstances he thought he had better practice a little, so as to be able to command when called upon. Some of his many friends happened to visit him one Thursday afternoon, and found him standing in front of a company of pots, pitchers, shoes, blacking brushes, &c., giving the command, "Right forward, fours right, march."
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THE UNIVERSITY COURIER.
INDEPENDENCE MUST HAVE LIMITS.
Independence, as defined by Webster, is of two kinds: 1st, political, by which is implied perfect freedom from obligation to our fellow men, except that which flows from the fact that men are common heirs to these rights, viz: safety, liberty and property; 2nd, natural, which, if it ever existed, would consist in the power to enjoy permanent well-being, without regard to the disposition of those from whom we are politically independent.
The exceptions to perfect freedom form the subject of this paper; that is, "What are the true limits of independence?" Man is the highest representative of nature, and is governed by the same laws. "The law of nature is dependence." Everything is dependent upon something else. The motions of the planets are dependent upon the forces of gravitation and inertia. Should both or either of these cease, the planets would be converted into vapor. It is calculated that if the earth were stopped, there would be enough heat generated to convert it into vapor in fifteen minutes.
Beginning with the forces of nature. The word forces, as here used, implies the actual energy or motion. All forces are mutually convertible and mutually dependent. We say simply that things are correlated that are convertible into each other at pleasure. Philosophy teaches us that "no force is lost." If not, the question comes up, What becomes of it after it passes beyond our recognition? This question led to experiment, and out of experiment grew the demonstration. In motion, correlation requires that where it disappears as motion, it should reappear as heat, light, or electricity. If the body is elastic, its motion is not arrested, but refracted. If the body is not elastic, its motion is stopped and converted into heat. Motion may also be converted into electricity or light. So taking heat as the initial power, light, electricity and motion may be produced.
Now if each of these great forces acted independently of the others, and were not converted into the others in time, we would have no light, no heat, nor electricity, for these forces would finally be exhausted. The world would have no vegetation, no animal life, no existence whatever, for these are all dependent upon light, heat, and electricity. There is no independence in physics—no isolated fact. Were there no mutual attraction existing in the solar system, what would become of us? Would we still continue to revolve around the sun? Would the earth still rotate on its axis? Or would we have any change of seasons? We would have none of these, for they are all in some greater or less degree, dependent upon the attraction of gravity.
Under the firm guidance of the law of the universe, not a sun, nor moon, nor planet, nor smallest messenger of the sky, is allowed to swerve from its true path. Without it, the component parts of this grand universe would be hurled into space, with no more purpose than the erring comet, which comes from parts of space unknown to make a passing obeisance to the great Sun King and surges on, probably never to return again. "There is no independence in the heavens."
Upon the earth itself the limits of independence are again observed. Were the atmosphere totally independent of the action of heat, we would have no winds, and without them, no rains, for it is known that the winds are the principal conductors of vapor. Were the growth of plants not limited by the change of seasons, there would be boundless Brazilian forest
growth in some regions, while others would be as sterile as the Sahara. Vegetable decomposition would cease, and with it the production of oxygen, and the animal kingdom would be buried in an ocean of carbon.
The food of the plant is matter whose energy is expended. But the plant takes it up, exposes it to the action of the sun's rays, and in some way converts the actual energy of the sunlight into latent energy, storing it for the use of animals. Thus plants and animals are correlated. Each furnishing a check upon the other. The animal kingdom is totally dependent upon the plant kingdom for the power of locomotion. The animal world is a world of dependence.
Society is the natural state of man. His whole constitution shows that the intention of his maker was that he should live in society, assuming relations which require man to give up some liberty. True independence for man, in this light, is that independence or self-reliance which is in direct conformity with the laws of God, and the relations which exist between man and man. Washington looked forward to the time when the world should be united as one "Grand Republic of Humanity." No man in his natural state is fully independent, for he is ever relying upon God for his existence.
Man has been under laws in all ages, from the Patriarch who governed his family, in the beginning, to the complex forms of the present. Government could not have been established by man, but is, in the nature of things, only part of the plan of the universe. The object of government can not be better expressed than in the words of the Constitution. It is to establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, protect the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty. Without government there would be no liberty, but in its stead despotism. Law protects us in our rights by restricting those of people who would interfere with ours. Rights must be protected, civilization, education, art, and science, fostered, and the advancement of the nation hastened. All of which could not be obtained without law.
Hence, in community, restriction is a necessity, not simply to restrain the bad, but to secure those natural gifts of God—safety, personal liberty, and property. I say natural gifts. These things are fundamental, and a regard for their protection and preservation to all men alike, is the true standard of restriction. "Liberty is the perfection of just law." With the poet,
"Laws do not put the least restriction Upon our freedom, but maintain it"
Absolute liberty would be a chariot without a driver, a ship without a pilot. It would be a northern cold, freezing the genial flow of benefit into an icicle; an avalanche of horrors descending and destroying the work of ages. Look at the French Revolution, under Louis XVI., which cost France a million of lives; like the scorpion, which having slain its enemy, gives its own death-sting. Rational liberty limits the bad; piracy, robbery, remorse, idiocy, and a long list of evils against propriety. It recognizes the mutual dependence of men, animals, and plants; turning latent into motive power, and enabling man to use the forces of nature. It extends charity and industry to the poor, administers justice, and protects the rights of all.
An absolutely independent man rides a horse which runs away with him, while a rationally independent man rides with a knife-bit, as it were, and can guide and direct his horse in the right path. And the time is coming when the limits of independence will be so adjusted that men will feel themselves truly free. And this true independence will spread like some mighty enthusiasm,
"And sweep with forceful arms to their last graves, Kings from the earth and pirates from the high seas."
E. B.
THE UNIVERSITY COURIER.
7
THE POWERS THAT BE.
The prospects for an interesting lecture course this winter are unusually fine. Besides the customary lectures upon general and scientific subjects, we are promised a course of lectures upon law, and already several eminent jurists of the State have been invited to deliver lectures upon legal subjects, and will probably accept.
Probably in no other University or College is there so free an intercourse between Professors and students as in our University. When a new student enters the University he is taken kindly by the hand and made to feel at home. He goes to any of the Professors when he wishes advice on any subject, whether connected with his studies or not. He does not feel as though a Professor is a superior being, only to be approached in the recitation room, but rather that he is a parent or guardian, ever ready and willing to help him.
Prof. Canfield has recently begun a series of lectures upon the subject of Commercial Law. The lectures are to be delivered in University Hall on Monday, Wednesday and Friday of each week, at the fourth hour, and are open to all. Although not a part of the regular course in the Law Department these lectures come in good time and will be productive of much benefit, not only to those contemplating a law course, but to all students who intend to adopt this country as their place of abode. The Professor, on account of his knowledge and experience in the legal profession, is well adapted to handle the subject which he has chosen.
At the last meeting of the Board of Regents, it was decided to organize the Law Department of the University, as provided by law. The Department will be opened November 1st, and will be conducted by Hon. J.W. Greene, of Lawrence, who is a graduate of Williams College, and a gentleman well qualified for the position to which he has been elected Mr. Greene has had a large and varied practice in Kansas, and formerly in the State of New York. For students of the University, the tuition has been placed at ten dollars; for others, fifteen. A large number of students will enter the first class. This is a step in the right direction, and we predict for our University a bright future.
Prof. Snow has recently received an offer of a chair in Williams College at a salary of $2200 per annum. The Professor is one of the fixtures of our institution, having been a member of the Faculty ever since the organization of the University in 1866. He has been an incessant worker, having done as much as any one man in making the University what it is to-day. He is not working for money but for the University of Kansas. He has repeatedly been the recipient of offers similar to the above and has as often refused them, preferring to remain in the institution which he has been so instrumental in building. Prof. Snow has remained with the University of Kansas when her prospects were far from encouraging, and he is not likely to desert her now when a bright and glorious future is dawning, and when she is in sight of the promised land.
ELSEWHERE.
Vassar College has two Japanese girls as students.
Amherst College has a freshman class of 105 members.
Princeton College opens its 133d year with an increased attendance.
President White, of Cornell University, has returned from Europe.
A new school house is to be built at St. Charles, Mich., at a cost of $10,000.
Dr. Hendrix, of Central College, reports that the prospects of the college are excellent. A hundred students have already matriculated.
W. S. Waddell, Professor of Languages in the University of Georgia, died, September 19, at Wellford, South Carolina, on his return from Saratoga Springs.
Mr. Fournier, the botanist, finds in Mexico 638 varieties of grasses, of which 376 are found in no other land. Of the remainder, 82 are found in the United States; 30 on the other side of the Atlantic, and the rest in the West Indies, South and Central America.
PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTS.
The human lungs reverberate sometimes with great velocity,
When windy individuals indulge in much verbosity;
They have to twirl the glottis sixty thousand times a minute,
And punch and push the diaphragm as though the deuce were in it.
CHORUS.— The pharynx now goes up;
The larynx, with a slam,
Ejects a note
From out the throat,
Pushed by the diaphragm.
— Harvard College Advocate.
The human lungs reverberate sometimes with great velocity.
When windy individuals indulge in much
verbosity ;
They have to twirl the glottis sixty thousand times a minute.
And punch and push the diaphragm as though the deuce were in it.
CHORUS.—The pharynx now goes up;
The larynx, with a slam,
Ejects a note
From out the throat,
Pushed by the diaphragm.
—Harvard College Advocate.
DIRECTORY.
W. W. FLUKE,
MUSIC STORE, AND DEALER IN ORGANS,
Pianos, and Singer Sewing Machines.
W. W. FLUKE,
BROMELSICK.
DEALER IN HATS AND CAPS, AND GENT'S Furnishing Goods.
HUTSON & KLOCK.
DESTAURANT AND MANUFACTURING CONfectioners.
H. W. MACAULAY.
A. G. MENGER.
MANUFACTURER AND DEALER IN BOOTS and Shoes.
H. W. MACAULAY,
LAWRENCE BUSINESS COLLEGE. THORough Business Course.
W. M. CULBERTSON.
NO. 11C
DAKER CO
DEALER IN ALL KINDS OF COAL Office No. 110 Massachusetts Street.
Crystal Palace Barber Shop OPPOSITE POST OFFICE, UNDER NATIONAL BANK.
MITCHELL & HORNE, Proprietors.
JAS. DONNELLY,
Livery, Feed and Sale Stable,
Cor. Winthrop and New Hampshire Sts.
LAWRENCE, KANSAS.
UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS.
1878.
INNOCENT TROPHY HOUSE, BOSTON.
FALL SESSION COMMENCED SEPT. 11.
Full course of study in Ancient and Modern Languages, in Metaphysics and Political Science, in Mathematics, in Natural Sciences, in English Literature and History, in Civil Engineering Special courses in Natural History and Chemistry. A higher course of Normal Instruction for Professional Teachers.
A COURSE OF LECTURES
On various topics, embracing Science, Literature. Art, and Law, by some of the most eminent men in the State.
MUSIC.
Vocal, Piano, and Organ, by a competent instructor For any desired information, write to J.MARVIN, Chancellor, Lawrence, Kansas.
8
THE UNIVERSITY COURIER.
STEINBERG'S CLOTHING HOUSE.
DEALER IN
MEN'S, YOUTHS' BOYS' CLOTHING.
HATS AND CAPS.
Gents' Furnishing Goods.
TRUNKS, VALISES, TRAVELING BAGS, &C.
87 Mass. St., Opposite Grange Store.
LAWRENCE.
THE BOYS!
A. J. CONNELLY,
IS THE
BOYS' SHOE MAN
OF LAWRENCE.
He keeps in Stock the
FINEST LINE OF BOOTS, SHOES,
——AND——
RUBBER GOODS
Ever sold in Lawrence, which he will sell at lower prices than any of them. You will always find him on the
COR. OF MASS. AND WARREN STS.
Cash Grocery House.
Famous for First Class
GROCERIES
___ALT___
Bed Rock Prices!
FRESH OYSTERS AND CELERY ALWAYS ON HAND!
Students, Remember the Sign,
CASH GROCERY HOUSE,
J. S. HENDERSON,
143 Mass. St., Lawrence, Kansas.
PARNHAM & BAILEY,
P. O. Drawer, 240.
MANUFACTURERS OF
Monuments, Tombstones Mantles
All work guaranteed to give satisfaction.
P. M. HAMLIN,
LIVERY STABLE
Students are especially invited to call on me for Rigs of all kind.
THE
JOURNAL
BOOK AND JOB OFFICE.
THE MOST COMPLETE FOR ALL KINDS OF WORK IN THE STATE.
W. H. PEMBLETON.
O.K. BARBER SHOP,
NO. 66.MASS. STREET.
HAIR CUT, 25; SHAVE, IO. OTHER THINGS ACCORDINGLY.
T. B. EWING,
Subscription News Agent,
51 Massachusetts Street.
Harpers' Magazine, $3.50 per annum. All other periodicals at or less than publishers' prices. Subscribers wanted for Kansas City and St. Louis dailies.
University Books,
Paper, Scratch Books, Pens, Inks, Pencils, &c. GO TO
A. F. BATES' BOOK STORE,
99 Massachusetts Street.
Turkish Bath
ELECTRO-MEDICAL INSTITUTE,
No. 60 Vermont Street,
Special attention to Chronic Diseases and Nervous Affections of all kinds.
TERMS REASONABLE.
DR. R. DOBBINS, Proprietor.
University Photograph Gallery.
DALEE.
South Tennessee Street, LAWRENCE, KAN.
Photographs taken from card to life size by the Lightning Process.
"VENIENTI OCCULI MORBO."
Dr. Thos. Yarnold, ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,
Treats all Chronic and Complicated Diseases.
Office 169 Mass. St. Residence 163 & 165, up stairs.
LAWRENCE, KANSAS.
ONE OF THE LARGEST STOCKS
Boots AND Shoes
In the City to select from at
BED ROCK PRICES
CAN BE FOUND AT
R. D. MASON'S.
University Students and all their friends will find the best assortment of
Boots and Shoes AT LOWEST PRICES. AT
HUMES' ONE PRICE HOUSE, 125 Mass. St., Lawrence, Kansas.
WHEN YOU ARE IN WANT OF
GOOD CLOTHING, FURNISHING GOODS.
Boots, Shoes, Hats and Caps,
You will find the Largest Assortment at LOWEST PRICES, at
CHEAP CHARLEY'S
Kansas Marble Works.
GRIGGS BROTHERS, Manufacturers and Dealers in
Foreign and American Marble, Monuments, Headstones,
Tablets, Mantles, &c.
37 Mass. St., opposite P.O., LAWRENCE, KAS.
ESTABLISHED 1865.
W. BERGMAN,
INTERNATIONAL CLOTHING EMPORIUM.
No. 69 Mass. St., LAWRENCE, KAN.
The Latest Styles of Mens,' Youths' and Boys' Cl thing and Furnishing Goods kept constantly on hind. Students especially invited to call and examine.
CREW & NEWLIN Booksellers.
The Largest Stock of Books, Standard, Miscellaneous, School and Scientific, in the State. Libraries and Students furnished at lowest discounts.
S. C. McCONNELL.
MERCHANT TAILOR.
75 MASSACHUSETTS STREET.
Latest styles of goods on hand. A liberal discount to Students.
H. W. HOWE, DENTIST. Office 105 Mass. St.
N. TROUS OXIDE FOR PAINLESS EXTRACTION OF TEE1H.
ESTABLISHED IN 1862.
J.HOUSE & CO.
CLOTHIERS.
LAWRENCE, KAN.
Buy your PAPER at the KANSAS PAPER STORE.