THE UNIVERSITY COURER
NOBIS SOLUM NON
1883.
DECEMBER 6.
CONTENTS
The Fortnight... PAGE 121
Senior Translations... 123
American Literature Once More... 124
Editorial... 130
Views... 132
I
The Fortnight ... PAGE 121
Senior Translations ... 123
American Literature Once More ... 124
Editorial ... 130
Views ... 132
Scientific ... 133
Swaps ... 134
Personal ... 135
The Corridors ... 136
H. A.CUTLER, PRINTER, LAWRENCE, KANSAS.
For Nobby HATS and TIES go to NEWMARK'S.
Y
S. T. FIELD,
( Successor to BATES & FIELD. )
Bookseller and Stationer,
99 Massachusetts Street.
Would respectfully call the attention of STUDENTS to his very large and complete stock of UNIVERSITY TEXT BOOKS
STATIONERY SUPPLIES,
AND ARTISTS' MATERIALS,
Which he offers at the lowest living prices. The paper for the COURIER is furnished by S. T. FIELD.
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The Famous, 151 Massachusetts St.
Our Merchant Tailoring is the best beyond doubt ever in Lawrence.
I
The University Courier.
Vol. II. DECEMBER 6, 1883. No. 7.
THE FORTNIGHT.
In our last issue we asked for opinions of students on the management of this department. Several very interesting and instructive letters have already been received, and the editor hopes to profit by them. But we want more of these letters, and will therefore extend our offer until the next issue in order that we may fill our entire space with them. The author's real name must be signed, but will be published or not as desired.
When a social organization of students excludes from its membership respectable and gentlemanly fellow-students, and does this for no apparent reason, unless it be that those shut out do not "sling on enough style" to please certain exquisites, it looks like the meanest kind of snobbishness. This has been recently done, and in such a way that no one seems responsible. We do not know who is responsible for this neat little trick, and we do not wish to know. Whoever is, has certainly shown himself to be devoid of all the first instincts of a gentleman.
his own. To any one who wishes to know how other schools are conducted, and what are their relative positions, *American Colleges will be welcome. True, the book seems to be written more for parents than students, but the latter may get considerable from it. The author covers the entire ground of the present college education in the United States. He wisely attempts no theorizing of his own, and contents himself with giving the results of his investigations. We of Western colleges may feel a little disappointed at the small notice given us, but we must remember that there is not so much to say of us as of older and better institutions. The most interesting chapters are those on "Instruction," "Morals," "Journalism," "Choice of a College," "Rank in College a Test of Future Distinction," and on "Woman's Education." The noble Greeks may feel agrieved because not one of the fraternities represented here is even mentioned in the chapter on "Societies." The statistics in the appendix are of 1880, and thus are a little antique. Of course there are many minor errors. On page 195 we learn that Prof. Canfield is President of
The average college student generally knows very little about any other school than
* American Colleges: Their students and work. By Charles F. Thwing. Second edition. New York. G.P. Putnam's Sons.
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THE FORTNIGHT.
K. S. U. But on the whole it is a very readable book, and, as far as we know, the only one of its kind.
We are always glad to receive so powerful and sympathetic a novel as *The Story of a Country Town. It is a sad story, it does not end happily, the very air seems laden with storm and woe, yet it never degenerates into the merely horrible. You feel its truthfulness and think you know most of the characters personally. The story is told in the first person by one of the characters, Ned Westlock. The narrative has a simplicity and a fidelity to nature that almost convinces the reader that the book is a direct study from life. Though we would be far from saying that Mr. Howe is Ned Westlock, yet the story reads like a personal experience. The opening chapters are almost devoid of incident, yet the interest is kept keenly alive by the picturesque description of the bleak country, and of the people who live within it. You can fairly see this land, materially prosperous, yet one where the men are always rough and surly and the women always fearful and overworked. It is a soulless life, with little home happiness and no public amusement. It is a life rendered still more bitter by a pitiless and unforgiving religion. The hero is a fine, manly soul, who revolts against this repression, and seeks to find an unknown happiness in the divine, all-sufficing love of a woman. The woman he marries is well-meaning but shallow. It is a case where both are to blame; weakness and vacillation on her side, morbid jealousy on his. We will not try to epitomize the plot. We do not wish to lessen the interest of the reader. Only less moving than the fate of the hero, Jo Erring, is the story of the narrator's father, the Rev. John Westlock. The book is full of dramatic scenes. One of the
best is where John Westlock, returning to his deserted wife all too late, goes forth into the night and the snow and disappears from the story forever. The most lovable character, Agnes Deming, is, curiously enough, the most dimly outlined. The style is sometimes rough and careless, and the young people talk in an old fashioned and grown up way. But the work has the elements of a great novel. We hope the author will take time to revise and remove some traces of haste. It is regretted that the type and paper are not better. We think Mr. Howe has the creative mind, and if he has not written himself out in his first book, has the qualities that make a great novelist. We hope The Story of a Country Town is not his last word.
The Society for Political Education has issued Prof. J. H. Canfield's pamphlet on Taxation. The argument all the way through is eminently sensible and practical. Prof. Canfield's theory is that the best and most equitable system of taxation would be a land tax on the basis of unimproved land, a tax without regard to improvements on the land. We have too little knowledge of such matters to criticise the idea. But the theory seems to us a very reasonable and commonsense one. We advise every student and every citizen to read and study the book carefully. While we think that too early formation of political opinions is likely to result in partisanship, yet it is clearly the duty of every one to have the fullest and best knowledge of all questions of government. The Professor gives a few side- thrusts to protection, but that we forgive him, in fact are glad to see them so well made.
Fay Templeton had a full house in Girofte-Girofta. Fay never had much voice, and her monkey-shines are becoming a bore-
* The Story of a Country Town. By E.W. Howe. Atchison: Howe & Co. For sale by Field & Evans.
SENIOR TRANSLATIONS.
123
LITERARY.
SENIOR TRANSLATIONS.
From Oedipus Tyrannus of Sophocles.
O tribes of mortal men,
Your lives are spent in vain!
Who seemeth more to have
Than Gods are wont to give.
To him Fair Fortune's day
Dawns bright, then fades away.
O soul-tossed Oedipus!
While I recall thy fate
And lessons taught to men,
None do I gratulate.
From Oedipus Tyrannus of Sophocles.
O races of mortals, in vain is your strife;
I count you as naught in the works of life.
For what man wins glory and thinks himself great,
Who does not soon fall by some fatal mistake?
Yon wretched patient seems greatly distressed,
Oh! no one of mortals I deem to be blessed.
It was Apollo, my friends, I say,
Who hath my destruction accomplished this day.
No murderer had any part in this crime,
But I myself did it, while maddened in mind.
And since my sad fortunes to me have been told,
Pray, what could be pleasing for me to behold?
O aged Theban fathers, this man you behold. Did by his wisdom the riddle unfold. By him in no way were your riches e'er sought. But see to what ruin his life has been brought! Let no one too quickly deem any man blessed. Until without sorrow he goes to his rest.
From the Medea of Euripides.
The sacred streams flow back to their source.
And justice again has been reversed.
The wily deceits of men show forth,
No longer does faith in Gods exist.
Report to my sex shall give renown:
Yea, honor shall come to woman-kind,
Nor shall ill will her freedom bind.
124
AMERICAN LITERATURE ONCE MORE.
AMERICAN LITERATURE ONCE MORE.
A writer in a late number of the Courier arrived at the conclusion that America has never had and has not to-day a national literature of her own. Another writer, in a succeeding number, maintains that for us a national literature must forever remain an impossibility. Unhappy were we if there were indeed need that we adopt these views. I wish to record my utter dissent from them both, and to contest particularly the latter.
Why can America never have a national literature? Because, the answer practically says, America did not have the misfortune to be born a thousand years or more before the steam engine and the telegraph. Because, forsooth, the American people had not to spend a solitary, isolated childhood, and to work its way out of barbarism unaided and alone, through painful centuries of war, therefore it can have no national literature. To the Chinese, with their wall against the world, or to the Greenlanders, with their "certain mental seclusion from surrounding nations," or to the tribes of Central Africa, a national literature may be possible, but to America, never. Well, then, let us thank Heaven that it is not: for, however glorious a possession a national literature has been thought to be, if it is to be had only under such conditions and at such a sacrifice, we will none of it. Really, would it not seem as if any interpretation of the expression "National Literature" that must confine its meaning to the rude war songs, myths, and heroic traditions of a semi-civilized or barbarous people, were to be looked upon with suspicion as one-sided and incomplete? Are we to be content with an understanding of those words that will allow to the literature of the Scandinavian north a nationality which it denies to that of Elizabethan England? Has a people no longer
a distinct nationality when it has engrafted onto its native, original stock some foreign branch? Were the Germans less Germans, or the English less English, when they had given up Thor for Jehova and Baldur for Christ? Must we understand under nationality merely the sum of those characteristics which a people has accumulated up to the time when it emerges from its lonesome isolation and begins to grow, in contact with the ideas of other peoples? No; that seems to me absurd. Rather every people has a nationality so long as it has a great stock of ideas and modes of thought and feeling which are common to the great majority of its individuals. This nationality it does not lose on coming in contact with, nor even on appropriating, new ideas, but rather it tests and proves its nationality by the manner in which it sifts them and transforms them. No country develops in absolute isolation. Greece, singularly self-sufficient as she was, did not grow wholly from within, and could we know more of her early history we would find her, perhaps, borrowing in more ways than we now suspect from her neighbors; but that would in no wise affect the Greek character, the habitual attitude of the people toward the world and toward ideas. And as it is with the people, so it is with their literature and art. Even if we could prove that the Greeks borrowed their first notions of architecture from the Egyptians, Greek art would be none the less royally Greek. So England's literature, which borrowed here and there that of which it had need—more than that of Greece, for there was more to borrow—is none the less royally English.
"Yet Chaucer and Shakespeare are not English in the sense that Homer and Aischylos are Greek," says our writer. Well, I may perhaps be pardoned for not seeing why. Certainly it seems to me that
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this sense in which Homer and Aischylos are Greek and in which Chaucer and Shakespeare are not English is not a sense which ought to belong to the word national. For by common consent Shakespeare has no superior in the power of appropriation—of making everything wholly his own. What vestige of their native Greece is left to Timon and his Athemans, and how does the sea-washed Bohemia of the Winter's Tale differ from Prospero's enchanted island? Are Hamlet of Denmark and the British Lear any less English than Wolsey or Fat Sir John? No; every material underwent a subtle alchemy in the poet's brain; whether Greek silver or Roman bronze, Italian copper or French dross, he turned it all to gold. And as he was a thorough Englishman withal, this gold bore, as it fell from his hand, the unmistakable stamp of the English mint. It is a worthless distinction to call only that part of a country's literature national which has grown up around subjects of national or popular origin. Shakespeare's Pericles, were it couched in choicest Attic phrase, would not be Greek, nor would Homer—or any of the Homers, if you prefer—had he sung the border wars of England and Scotland, have made an English ballad. It was their different ways of looking at things, intellectually, morally, and aesthetically, their different ways of feeling the world, that made Homer Greek and Shakespeare English, and it is nothing more and nothing less that makes one people Greek and the other people English. The literatures of Greece and of England are national because on the one hand they grow out of, and on the other perfectly mirror, these national ways of looking at things and of feeling the world; so is every literature national that flows naturally and spontaneously out of that unique way of thinking and feeling that belongs to every
people possessing a nationality. I say spontaneously, for another demand upon a national literature in the article in question is that it be spontaneous; but here again I can consent to understand spontaneity in no such sense as would exclude the conscious literary workmanship of a Chaucer or a Shakespeare—to abide still by these two poets as illustrations. Very wide of the mark is it, it seems to me, to speak of any poem, even the rudest folk-song, as the spontaneous production of a whole people, or of any considerable portion of it. There was a school of criticism which held that the people, assembled at their public meetings or at their feasts, or drawn up on the field of battle, composed the songs together under a sort of universal inspiration, or that one sang one line and another the next, and so on. In illustration it is said that at the present day negroes, under the stimulus of strong religious excitement, compose after this fashion the songs used at their meetings. So perhaps negro camp-meeting songs may be composed; but be assured that not one line of the great Iliad, that not even one verse of the Nibelungen Lied, was made in any such wise. Poetry that lasts is the work of an artist, and the artist is always an individual; and I do not believe there is a single beauty in all the Iliad and Odyssey that does not owe its being to some particular, individual, artist-mind, Homer's or another's I care not. Every people has a stock of stories and traditions, but not every people has the rich heritage of a literature; to them artists have been wanting. If then all these materials must go through the mint of an artist-mind before they become literature, in what does the spontaneity of literature consist? Simply in this, that it expresses perfectly and beautifully those common thoughts and forms of feeling that all are trying to express, and many
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AMERICAN LITERATURE ONCE MORE.
are really expressing imperfectly and unbeautifully, and that all are eager to repeat after the one who shall have the genius to say them rightly. A people may have given them by nature or by some great period of their history a great treasure and wealth of thoughts and feelings which crowd upon them for expression, but which find it adequately only in the voices of a few men. This is literature, and it is as spontaneous as if it had come full-throated from the whole nation.
And here it is to be insisted that it is the thoughts and feeling that test the spontaneity of literature, and not the objects that suggest them nor the material that is used in giving them expression. Had the singers of the Homeric poems invented every incident that they immortalized, their songs would still have been perfectly spontaneous, springing irresistibly, as wood flowers from the mould of the forest, from that intellectual and aesthetic soil which makes Greece Greek.
My conclusion, then, is that a native religion, a great treasure of traditions and folk-lore, and a certain seclusion from surrounding peoples, are not, any one of them or all, the necessary conditions of a national literature; but rather that any people having a distinct national character may also have a national literature; that this literature may have grown up around foreign and borrowed subjects, provided these have been thoroughly saturated with the spirit of the borrowing people, and penetrated with its genius; and, finally, that this process may be as complete in the mental laboratory of one great, thoroughly national, artistic genius as in that of the whole people.
Having said thus much as to the proper sense of the word national when applied to literature, it is time to approach the further question : If a national literature is still in
these latter days not an impossibility, may America hope ever to have one? May we of this great, widely extended, composite people, look forward to a literature that shall be national even in this more liberal sense? I venture to think so. Here one thing particularly must be borne in mind. Those very elements of our modern civilization that bring nations more and more into contact with each other, break down national isolation and national prejudice, and tend to make all in a certain sense cosmopolitan,—our telegraphs, cables, and telephones, our steam-cars and our steamboats, our daily mails by land and sea,—all these things, I say, tend still more strongly to bring all parts of our people closer together, to give the same direction to all their thoughts, and to make possible to a scattered population of various races a real union, a common development, and finally a national character. Certainly if it be, as has been affirmed, that the power of these agencies is so great as to threaten to make of the world at some far, future day one great, cosmopolitan people, it will not be denied that they are strong enough to weld all races and all sections of our nation into one harmonious whole. Neither will it be denied that there exists at almost every time the possibility of a great historical period, a severe national trial or an inspiring triumph, which shall kindle national fires that in a few years would do the work of a century in fusing the conglomerate mass and striking from the stubborn ore the fine, pure gold—that common thought and feeling from which the national literature springs. But more than all let us remember that it is a rash and withal profitless thing to attempt from our little circle of knowledge to lay limitations on the future. "The reality," says Lotze, "is always infinitely richer than our weak imagination." And from what a woefully in-
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adecquate survey of the innumerable and wonderfully varied strands that are being woven in time's loom do we construct for ourselves the pattern of the web to be.
Much more profitable and satisfactory will be the answering of another and a last question: Has America to-day, or has she ever had, a literature that may fairly be called national? Or, in other words, does the literature that has sprung up on our soil flow naturally from a fund of ideas and from a manner of feeling common to the majority of Americans, and to no others, in such a way that it were impossible to conceive of its having been produced in any other spot under the sun? To this question, I am aware, the majority will answer, no. To which I can only reply, very immodestly, it may be, that I think the majority are wrong. Their mistake is, it seems to me, that they regard too lightly, if they do not wholly overlook, those original qualities which American writers, however much they may have in common with the English, do certainly possess, and those radical differences which, in spite of the fact that one is the child of the other, make English society and American society two very distinct and dissimilar things. The very fury with which certain cliques of our society apply themselves to the imitation of English customs, proves this dissimilarity. If further proof were needed, English criticism of American fiction would furnish it in plenty. We have our own way of looking at things which the Englishman, who looks at them in his way, which is a different way, can not understand. Listen, for instance, to this criticism on Mr. Howell's "Lady of the Aroostook:"
"The really 'American thing' in it is, we think, quite undiscovered either by the author or his heroes, and that is the curious confusion of classes which attributes to a girl brought up on the humblest level all
the prejudices and necessities of the highest society. Granting that there was anything dreadful in it, the daughter of a homely farmer in England is not guarded and accompanied like a young lady on her journeys from one place to another. * * * The difference is that the English girl would not be a young lady. She would find her sweetheart among the sailors, and would have nothing to say to the gentlemen. This difference is far more curious than the misadventure, which might have happened anywhere, and far more remarkable than the fact that the gentlemen did behave to her like gentlemen, and did their best to set her at ease, which we hope would have happened anywhere else. But it is, we think, exclusively American, and very curious and interesting, that this young woman, with her antecedents so distinctly set before us, should be represented as a lady, not at all out of place among her cultivated companions, and ready to become an ornament of society the moment she lands in Venice.'* Will you say that American society is only English society after that?
And certainly no one will claim that England-or any other country-has anything to place by the side of certain phases of our life that have grown up under peculiar circumstances of our material development-the wild frontier life, for instance, or the rough, tumultuous society of the mining camps, in which Bret Harte sought his materials so industriously and with such striking success.
Surely here was something new and fresh and unique enough to be forever free from the suspicion of English models and English influences. Some foreign readers of Bret Harte have felt this. This is what a German says: 'Bret Harte is of all Americans the most American. He it was who,
*Blackwood's Magazine, January, 1883.
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AMERICAN LITERATURE ONCE MORE.
as none before had done, conquered for the American people an undisputed right to a representative in the parliament of the world's literature." † With this high estimate I confess I am unable fully to agree. But it at least shows this, that the German critic could find nothing English in the contents of his pages. Indeed, I think he is right with respect to Harte's Americanism; only he is wrong in his reason therefor. It would be untrue to those notions I have advanced of what a national literature should be to consider the unique character of the life he portrays quite enough to make him thoroughly American. It was rather because he himself was thoroughly imbued with the ideas out of which the life of the mining camps grew—ideas, it seems to me, of a decidedly American stamp. And in regarding merely the strangeness and freshness of the material in which he worked, and in overlooking quite these ideas, our German critic, like so many others, overlooked other writers more really American than Bret Harte. He overlooked Hawthorne for instance, and he overlooked Mrs. Stowe. Hawthorne is without doubt the greatest literary genius the new world has brought forth. To that all are at last agreed. That he was also distinctively American will receive less ready assent. Yet it should seem that he had been an impossibility in any other land. We fail thoroughly to comprehend him, I think, unless we project him against that dark, sombre, Puritan background of Colonial, witch-burning New England. No one can fail to recognize this who has read carefully G. P. Lathrop's study of Hawthorne, or who has made himself perfectly acquainted with both Puritan New England and Hawthorne's works. However bleak and unpromising for literature the soil about Plymouth Rock seem, it is there that all those tender flowers have
†Nord und Sued, 1831.
their root that blossom so richly in his tales. His intense spirituality is only the strong New England sense of the real presence of invisible things that made wichcraft so credible and saw the possibility of a witch in every old woman—but this sense etherealized, freed from all its grossness. So his power of subtle analysis of human thought and feelings, his metaphysical insight into the workings of the heart, was a legacy from generations of theologians. Time was when our fathers were brought up to the discussion of those metaphysical questions. The freedom of the will, fore-ordination, and all the dark perplexities which these suggest,were common subjects of conversation with them. They were accustomed to think of them every day, and to debate them with their neighbors or the minister, not much I fear, to the advantage of metaphysics as a science, but greatly to the improvement of their own thinking machinery. Of the powers thus cultivated even in running to waste Hawthorne was the heir, but not Hawthorne alone but the whole people. That is, in two of his prominent characteristics as an author, he was the out-growth of the ideas and conditions that existed for a long time among a large proportion of Americans, and which have left their visible impress on the great, complex America of our own day.
In the work of Mrs. Stowe we detect the presence of the same historical background. She too had been impossible without the Puritan times and the theological ancestry. But besides this connection with the people's past, her works stand in even closer relation to the people's present. Her greatest book sprang out of the clash of ideas that heralded the impending civil struggle, and those with which the book is vital have since made good their right to be considered national by rising triumphant out of a terrible war.
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Here, then, are two whose work should seem to deserve to be called national.
Without seeking now other names to add to these, let us think for a moment whether the writings of these two give evidence, beyond their plain relation to the America of a hundred years ago, of any national way of looking at things and feeling the world. I think they do. It would, perhaps, be hard to define clearly what that way of looking at things is; but that it is, the quality of American humor seems to prove. Neither Hawthorne, who shows his sense of it rarely, nor yet Mrs. Stowe, who indulges in it freely, are the best exponents of our humor; a score of names occur to one at once of those whose pages brim with it, but no American seems wholly without it. And this matter of humor, though it may seem otherwise at the first sight, is really a valuable test of a people's way of looking at things. Humor is a very intangible, elusive thing, but this much can be said of it: It does not depend upon any particular condition of society, or upon any particular ideas or institutions, but upon nothing less broad than just this whole way of looking at the world. That the American laughs while the German preserves a sober silence, is for no other reason than that they have different modes of feeling, a different mental constitution. Just in what this difference consists would he hard to say; the important thing is that it is there; and of this there can be no doubt to one who has read American humorists to a foreign audience and been annoyed at the persistence which it laughs in the wrong place, if it laughs at all.
Another feature of the American view of things I mention with some reluctance. It is likely to wound our national pride, and I should be very glad to have it disproved if that be possible-I refer to our worship of the commonplace, our exaltation of the
general average of things. This is, perhaps, one of the bad results on our character of our boasted turn for the practical—as if a good painter of fences and barns were more practical than a painter of good pictures. There is much that is praiseworthy in the mind that finds no work mean or unworthy of itself, so long as it be honestly and seriously performed, but the danger of exaggerating the common and ordinary lies close at hand, and the American mind has not escaped it. Foreign critics have ever laid that fault at our door. It stands in a certain relation, too, to our deep-seated belief in the sacredness of a majority; and it seems to have given rise in our own day to our new American school of fiction—the school of which Howells and James are the masters. No one can have a greater admiration for Howells and James as literary artists than I; at the same time it is useless to deny the common-place character of their material and motives. Indeed, their watchword is common-placeness, triviality; a regard for these is the secret of their realism. To make one's self sure of this, and that the school has the doubtful distinction of being American and not English, one can not do better than follow the running fire of discussion that the English and American magazines have been keeping up this twelvemonth, ever since Howells and James brought the English critics about their cars by some words they unluckily let fall on the tendency of modern fiction.
Thus, if we mistake not, we have a literature springing naturally out of a history, a society, and a set of ideas that belong to us alone, and revealing a way of looking at things which no other people shares with us. Shall we not call it national? Is it not fairly a beginning.
A. C.
130
EDITORIAL.
UNIVERSITY COURIER.
A *EMI-MONTHLY PUBLICATION DEVOTED TO THE BEST INTERESTS OF THE STUDENTS
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PERLEE R. BENNETT, '86...Fortnight.
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H. T. GRAHAM, '86...
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G. M. WALKER, '85...
E. E. RITCHIE, '86...Views.
CHAS. METCALFE, '84...Normal.
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NETTIE BROWN, '86..Personal.
W. Y. MORGAN, '85...The Corridors.
NETTIE HUBBARD, '85...
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WHAT IT COSTS.
No question is so frequently asked of University students or officers as "what are students' expenses?" From the young man whose whole energy is bent upon attending the University for a year to the most casual visitor, comes the question, "what does it cost." When speaking with Col. R. G. Ingersoll last winter, we were somewhat surprised at his first words, "what does your schooling cost you?" In fact, the cost is the guage which most persons apply to the University, though with different ends in view. One wants to go "where he can spend the most chink," and another where he "can get the most learning for the least money."
Our catalogue contains the gratifying information that 'too much rather than too little 'pocket money' proves the ruin of youth away from home,' and the more
startling statement that "price of board depends upon rates of rent, help employed the cost of provisions, and the demands of the boarder." To find out, not what board and books cost nor the price of slate pencils, but what our students actually spend, we have made extensive inquiries. The estimates as given are in all cases for ten months including the cost of railroad travel and of clothing bought during the school terms.
A very few students who "batch it," do not go into society and stretch the economy blanket at every side and corner, get along with one hundred and sixty dollars per year. Quite a number who board in clubs, have medium furnished rooms, belong to the literary societies, enjoy all the privileges of the University, but no outside entertainment, make two hundred dollars carry them through. Two hundred and twenty-five dollars furnishes, in addition to this, better accommodations and an occasional treat to an opera play. The average expense of our students is two hundred and fifty dollars, which amount covers the best board, nicely furnished rooms, society expenses and a moderate amount of pleasure-going. Those who aspire to dress finely and have a leading share in all that comes along, find their cash-book to show disbursements from three hundred to three hundred and fifty dollars per year. At this rate one can add to his text books a goodly supply of works for reference, enjoy his lady's company to theatre, ball and supper, partake of the benefits of secret and literary societies, own stock in the college papers—in short, can luxuriate in all those pleasures which, while perfectly legitimate are not strictly necessary. Occasionally a student who goes to extravagance or indulges himself in ways that are dark, draws on his father for four or five hundred, but these cases are exceedingly rare. The University is in itself a
EDITORIAL.
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village, its inhabitants of various incomes and expenses, the two not always in the same proportion. Club boarding, very popular of late, reduces the cost, without reducing the quality of living. Expenses are lower here than at similar institutions in this country. Many of our boys work their way through college and a still greater number have earned their means before coming here. As a rule those in the higher classes have the heaviest outlays. With tuition free and expenses light as they are at the University, every young man can provide himself with a higher education if he has the determination.
The intense and violent discussion over the University, being waged by a number of the State papers, will not have the injurious effect some timid persons imagine. It is bringing the University before the people, where it belongs. When the election of Regents and the matter of appropriations are in the people's hands we shall have nothing to fear. Our faculty is one of marked ability and our alumni, none as yet of middle age, are making rapid advancement in their vocations. The present discussion is bringing these facts out. If reform is needed in any line, we are ready for it. In the meantime, misrepresentation will fall harmlessly to the ground.
The State Young Men's Christian Association held its meeting in Lawrence last week, our old friend, F. H. Clark, in the chair. Despite the ridicule occasionally heard, we can say that the college association here has proved itself a pushing and useful organization. Its members have proven the morality professed by the association to be a thing of practice as well as of creed.
Certain persons seem terribly worried because students take an interest in politics. Students haven't any business with politics anyway, you know. Don't know enough, you know. Better read Thucydides, Xenophon and The Christian Fathers. Then, when they have graduated and gone out in the world, they won't be hampered with political opinions but can just study up the platform of the party which happens to be in power. Thus they will always be pretty sure of an office. Any student who reads a newspaper—that is, anything later than the Spectator or the Tattler—is on the direct road to perdition.
Students as well as citizens are under much obligation to Manager Bowersock of the opera house for the excellent companies he has brought here this year. Of course, theatre-goers have to pay for the companies, but there is great satisfaction in knowing that when you pay for amusement you are not to be swindled by a miserable, eleventh-class show. In return, such actors as Lacy, Miln, Templeton, and McWade have been liberally patronized by the students.
The Lawrence Journal is making a fuss because the students have to climb Mt. Oread-an exercise entirely too violent for the organisms of our scholars. We would suggest for the benefit of the Journal that the University be moved down street and the chapel fitted up as a dormitory.
It is rumored that a certain gamewe will call it billiardshas become so fascinating to some students that the Faculty will have to drop notes to their parents. These epistles will afford a relief to the frequent letters from Lawrence calling for money.
Some anonymous writer drops us a card asking if we are in favor of protection for Bacon. No, we are not. As long as they have free-trade in Turkey we are not in favor of salting it on Bacon.
132
VIEWS.
VIEWS.
BELLEVUE MEDICAL COLLEGE. November 15, 1883. EDITOR VIEWS:
EDITOR VIEWS:
I am glad to hear that the University is prospering and is increasing in favor throughout the State. To an Alumnus the good name of his Alma Mater is almost of vital importance; vivat universitas.
New York City is without doubt the great medical center of the United States. Over two thousand students gather here every winter to attend the lectures and clinics of celebrated men. Foreign nations, even Africa and China, are represented, besides every State and Territory in the Union. From the surging thousands struggling for existence in this great city, scores fall daily into the hospitals or morgues, where they become texts for the professors, and subjects of study for the students.
Bellevue College is an unassuming four story brick building, situated on Twenty-sixth street, near East River. The lecture room takes up the second and third stories. It is seated in amphitheatre style, every seat cushioned. Back of the lecture table are two sliding doors which, when removed, reveal the largest chemical laboratory. The other rooms of the building are occupied by anatomical, physiological, and chemical laboratories, free dispensaries, reception rooms, offices, and the celebrated "Wood Museum," while the whole of the fourth story is given up to practical anatomy.
The work here differs much from Kansas State University work. We have twenty-four lectures a week and eleven quizzes of an hour each, nine clinics of two hours each, and fifteen hours of dissecting per week, which makes in all sixty-eight hours of work each week at the college.
One is greatly impressed by the earnestness of the professors. At the sound of the gong, the students hurriedly find seats and open note books; a professor enters by a side door opening into the pit and is invariably greeted with a round of applause. Before it has died away he has taken up his last lecture at the point where it was dropped and for an hour he labors with the earnestness of an evangelist to make plain the principles of medicine and surgery. Black board, dark lantern, wax models, the cadaver, and vivisection are all called into use to illustrate or demonstrate his subject. The gong sounds, he bows, and disappears. For the next few minutes confusion reigns supreme. Paper balls fly around the room with now and then a cushion six feet long. "Way down in Dixie," or "Roll, Jordan Roll," are emphasized by several hundred feet. Another professor enters, another lecture is taken, another jubilee is held, and so on till we are called to a clinic in the college or in the hospital near by. Fifty-two thousand patients were treated last year in three hospitals, to which the students have access. Here it is that we come in contact with every kind of disease and witness all kinds of surgical operations.
Of our professors I would say that they are eminent men, of world-wide reputation, authors of many works upon medicine and surgery. They are also capable of giving severe examinations, as some now here can testify.
The day of the cat and dog are passed and no more does the gentle (? housewife mourn her pet "Tom" or lovely "poodle," which were "sacked" by
Yours Respectfully, C. J. SIMMONS.
SCIENTIFIC.
133
SCIENTIFIC.
There is to be a railroad built to the summit of Pike's Peak, Colorado. The road will be thirty miles long with a maximum grade of 300 feet to the mile. The surveys of the peak are completed.
The stone arch viaduct over the Mississippi just below the Falls of St. Anthony, Minneapolis, Minn., belonging to the St. Paul, Minneapolis & Manitoba Railroad, has been completed. It is 2100 feet long and 28 feet wide. It crosses the river with 23 arches and has 16 spans of 80 feet each. The total weight of the structure exceeds 100,000 tons. The cost is estimated at $600,000.
—Advices from Nicaragua, via Panama, of November 16, say Seavala, ex-President of Nicaragua, has been appointed Minister to the other Central American Republies for the purpose of endeavoring to obtain their acceptance of the proposal made by Nicaragua, that the five republics shall jointly guarantee three per cent. on seventy-five millions to be expended in the construction of the Nicaragua Canal.
The new bridge across the Firth of Forth is to have two spans, each of which is 105 feet longer than the long span of East River Bridge, being 1700 each, the other two spans will be 700 feet each, making a total length of 4800 feet. The placing of such a bridge across a channel 200 feet deep is not as simple a problem as some might imagine. Measurements were taken by two parties with a difference of one foot. Measurements have since been taken within one eighth of an inch in the 1700 feet spans. This was done by means of a small steel wire,
STONEWALL JACKSON'S BRIDGE BUILDER. A useful man to Stonewall Jackson was old Miles, the Virginia bridge builder. The bridges were swept away so often by floods, or burned by the enemy, that Miles was as necessary to the confederate army as Jackson himself. One day the Union troops had returned and burned a bridge across the Shenandoah; Jackson determining to follow them, summoned Miles. "You must put all your men on that bridge," said he. "They must work all night, and the bridge must be completed by daylight. My engineer shall furnish you the plan, and you can go right ahead."
Early next morning Jackson, in a very doubtful frame of mind, met the old bridge builder. "Well," said the general, "did the engineer give you the plan for the bridge." "General," replied Miles slowly, "the bridge is done. I don't know whether the picter is or not."—Engineering News.
At the recent annual meeting of the American Street Railway Association in Chicago, the committee on Motive Power presented quite a lengthy report and after discussing at some length the different motive powers used, decided that the cable system of railroads is the best under most circumstances. Of course in the new system there are defects as in all others, but the greatest drawback is the cost of construction. They said, "We believe, in conclusion, that the only practical means presented to our view of dispensing with animal power is the cable system. At present the cable road is confined to a few favorable localities, but rapid strides are being made in the direction of its perfection, which will surely result in bringing the motive power within the reach of roads less favorably located."
134
SWAPS.
SWAPS.
-We acknowledge the receipt of the Normal Cabinet, Emporia, Kas.
The theme of many exchanges is Lord Coleridge's speech. We only regret we did not get a copy too.
The Dickinsonian contains a sensible article on necessity of work which only a library society can supply. Experience has proved the usefulness of such societies, and no student can afford to neglect the opportunities they offer.
—Only a Badgerism! But it strikes a responsive chord in ye far off Swap man of this wonderful magazine. Yes, there is something fascinating in college songs, and we lament with you that our only hope of unity when time comes to sing is "John Brown's body goes"—well, no matter, or "Over the Garden Wall." This song is very popular here and very pathetic. But we hope soon to raise a chorus loud and high of nobler sentiments. Think of 200 Kansas boys, the co-eds. can't sing, bringing courage to the despairing hearts of the grand old Democratic party in the next Presidential campaign by singing "From Atlanta to the Sea,' and perhaps they too will call "enough."
Oh! Yes! By the way, Mr. Lehigh Burr, C-O-U-R-I-E-R does not spell Review. Do you remember? Or, perhaps, ye Kernel man was only partially acquainted with the gentleman in question, and in looking over the photos of the Chancellors of the Kansas State University in the "me too" magazine you confounded him with these wonderful men. Reparation is in order.
The Illini contains something both striking and pleasing, the beginning of an inter-college correspondence, by a letter from Knox College. This surely will be commended in heart and spirit. What's to hinder our own Kansas State University from hearing from her sister colleges? For instance, Baker University. This would prevent by a worthy example brought directly in her presence, her wandering too far from the path of rectitude. A little wholesome talking to would do good to an institution which turns hauglitily about when charged with the very grave accusation of having a few Kansas State University Preps. They will do you good, dear sister. In the meantime, we will watch the success of the Illini in her new departure.
It is gratifying to a lover of athletic sports to read the many comments on contests of skill in athletics and then to bring up against the gymnasium door of our own Kansas State University and stop short. Not with breathless pause at beholding some giant throw, or admiration at some one's graceful movements with the Indian clubs. But instead the would-be notice "Closed for repairs." It would seem that following the Harvard custom of recording worthy records some student has really left his mark, as the ventillating shaft will testify. Don't blame the aspiring gymnast for pounding the plaster off, or breaking dumb bells to make marbles, only to be lost in the splendid floor of sawdust. Nor should he be condemned for using the Indian clubs and the aforesaid remnants of dumb-bells to play the game so much admired by the wild mountaineers who lured Rip Van Winkle to their mountain fastness. But we suppose when the dust from the last Prep. invasion has cleared away that some one will look to it that Kansas State University shall have a real gymnasium.
PERSONAL.
135
PERSONAL.
GOBBLERS OF TURKEY, AND WHERE THEY GOBBLED.
—C. E. Wood at Ottawa.
—L. M. Powell at Tecumseh.
—Ed. Cruise at Wyandotte.
—Joe Curry at Valley Falls.
—F. H. Smiley at Richmond.
Miss Franc Johnson at Oskaloosa.
—Miss Aggie Wright at Junction City.
—W. L. Little and C. R. Mahan at Abilene.
-W. L. Kerr and W.C. Yeager at Ottawa.
—Misses Nettie Brown and Laura Lyons at Clinton.
Misses Libbie Mead and Daisy Hemphill at Linwood.
-Victor Linley, H. A. Smith, Ed. Blair and John Sargent at Atchison.
-Miss Fannie Pratt and R. J. Curdy at Humboldt.
—R. C. Rankin went to Washington last week to resume his position as page of the House.
—'81, H. J. Humphrey is in town canvassing for "Squatter Sovereignty," a book written by his mother.
-N. D. Hillis, agent for the National College Young Men's Christian Association, gave the Chapel attendants a short talk Monday morning. He is a student of Lake Forest College, near Chicago.
Misses Nettie Hubbard, Nellie Dow, Jean Oliver, Mary Gilmore, Dot Meade, Lettie Collins and Minnie Collins at Olathe.
And nearly everybody went home except a few Courier editors, who were obliged to look after the great religious organ.
—Keys is "all broke up."
Prof. Robinson took his Thanksgiving hunting.
—Bent. Moore enjoyed a visit from his father last week.
McClure is said to be the champion on roller skates.
—'85, James Going, is local editor of the Salina Herald.
--Hall and Curry have moved nearer town. This looks bad.
--H. E. Riggs favored Kansas City with his presence last week.
--A. C. Markley went home to see his girl. Her name is T. Urkey.
—'81, Bion S. Hutchins, is notary public at Bross, Kansas.
--J. B. Lippincott spent Thanksgiving with friends in Wyandotte.
Prof. Brownell spent Thanksgiving with friends in Atchison.
Prof. Dyche returned Sunday from a very successful hunting expedition.
—'85, J. L.Mead, writes that he is attending business college and dancing school.
Chancellor Lippincott delivered an address before the State Teachers' Convention at Fort Scott.
—'83, F. H. Clark, was president of the State Convention of the Young Men's Christian Association.
John Sullivan's card now announces that he is correspondent of the Inter-Ocean, Globe-Democrat, Chicago Times and Post-Dispatch, and he makes a good one.
136
THE CORRIDORS.
THE CORRIDORS.
—Back
—Again.
—Poor Turkey!
—Two weeks more.
—Ritchie is mashed.
- Contest is coming.
They say the "Sigs" are too.
—"Hutch" has a new overcoat.
-Gilmore has made a new mash. Ask him.
—This is to be a lively winter and no mistake.
The literary societies held no meetings last week.
The Gradatim holds its second meeting Friday.
-Shawhan and Mahan went to Olathe to see Sam Seaton.
—Why don't the city fix the sidewalks at the foot of the hill?
—Oread Hall at last has a carpet. And it is a veritable daisy.
The Phi Kaps have changed their hall to the opera house block.
- Thomas Neal is pastor of a church in Harrisburg, Pa. Next!
The Freshmen claim to have the best looking class in college.
—The lessons for Monday morning were unusually poorly prepared.
The last recitations before Christmas will be held Thursday morning.
Did you see Fay? The winsome, charming, uproarious, glorious little Fay.
If we are to have an annual magazine this year it would be well to agitate the matter at once.
The student who asks questions after the bell has rung, ought to be "fired."
-Query: How long does a twelve-pound turkey generally last after Thanksgiving?
—Who started over to the fortune teller's Wednesday night and turned back?
Curry said he was going to have a suite of rooms. (One room and a closet.)
—The new rule of three, which ought to be observed in the halls: Let the third person retire.
—Fannie Pratt returned from her home at Humboldt Saturday in time to attend the Theta party.
-Princeton College will follow in the track of the Kansas State University and have a new "lab."
Miss Jean Oliver has been taking lessons in the esquitarian art, and is now quite a professional.
Mr. Shawhan enjoyed a very lonely ride from Olathe last Sunday, and he says it was rather cold, too.
Dean and H. F. Smith went to Clinton Thanksgiving to attend a church festival, and returned quite full.
The Freshman's letter: "Dear Pa, this is a bad climate for money, and worse still for those without it."
—W. H. Johnson, our worthy business manager, has returned to study, after a protracted struggle with a "bile."
At Williams College the editors of the college papers are excused from essays. Let us emigrate to that favored locality.
Now let us have a chess and checkers club. There is plenty of good material for such if some one will make a move.
THE CORRIDORS.
137
—The "Boat Club" was entertained by John Dunn on Thanksgiving day.
Try one of those fine Cuban cigars at Straffon's.
Roller skating is getting to be a very popular amusement. This is better than the academy of science.
-Ten of the University students spent Thanksgiving at Olathe, and "took in"' the dance given by the "Boys' Social Club."
--Wright's, Eastman's, and Colgate's handkerchief odors in bulk at South End Drug Store.
There is an attempt being made to start a Latin society. In view of the condition of the German society this seems a hard undertaking.
—An Orophilian quartette has been organized, consisting of Messrs. Blair, Billingsly, Leach, and Muth. Attention, Oreads.
The decrease in the quantity of the Daily Journal's local department last week was due to the absence of the versatile news-gatherer, R. W. E. Stout.
The Sophs. are the next to paralyze chapel attendants with fiery eloquence. Judging from their recent exploits some will be quite peppery.
The Kappa Alpha Thetas, who remained in Lawrence for Thanksgiving, were entertained, with their gentlemen friends. Saturday evening by Miss Hattie Haskell.
—Riffle left early on his way home, but stopped one day Moore in Kansas City. He returns thanks to the boys who took care of his Lawrence girl in his absence.
-It was a Senior, who, while instructing a fair new co-ed. in college etiquette, said that all the girls were "bussed" all the way up the hill every morning. When the young lady learned the facts in the case that young gentleman's chances were indeed busted.
—Our editorial writer now registers as G. L. Miller, B. D.
—Another invoice of fine pocket knives just received at the South End Drug Store.
—'Our Dudley" wants a girl. Race, color, or previous condition of servitude no object.
Tis said that the visit of the I. C.s to Olathe was for the purpose of establishing a chapter at the Deaf and Dumb Asylum.
-A Freshman remarked the other day on seeing some hunters going out after geese, "The Sophs. had better lay low."
The finest line of shoe brushes in the city at Straffon's at very low prices.
The Freshmen have done nothing remarkable for nearly a month. The mild measures of the upper class men must have had some effect.
The remarkable facility displayed by the "me too" organ in copying the Courier leads us to believe that it will follow our picture of the new chemical building with one of Steinberg's signs.
-Wint. Shatuck spent Thanksgiving with Denton Dunn. While sojourning in the country they went out upon a grand hunt, and succeeded in slaying a few unfortunate quails.
-It is with much sorrow that we confess we have no dude. Not that we have any great respect or admiration for the genus what-is-it, but we would like a real live dude, which we might show to visitors along with the observatory and gymnasium. By all means let us have one.
The following on our former Professor of mathematics has been clipped from the Courier, of the University of Kansas: "Chancellor Lippincott has constituted himself a special police to enforce the rule against loitering in the corridors." At the old tricks again. Dickinsonian.
138
THE CORRIDORS.
THE SOPH'S. SOLILOQUY.
My soul to-day
Is far away
In the hall where my love does stay;
My own dear girl,
With golden curl.
Is talking with some law-class churl.
In cosy seat
Where we oft-times meet
They talk, and me of peace they cheat.
For who can do
Trig, or construe
Greek, if his girl's no longer true.
In yonder aisles
On him she smiles
As he with flattery beguiles,
Or past those walls
They walk the halls,
All this my fancy quick recalls.
But hark, the bell,
The truth I'll tell,
And all this wretched fancy quell.
But who do I see
Fair one, with thee?
A Fresh! O, I'm in misery.
-A large assortment of ladies and gents pocket books twenty-five per cent. below real value at Straffon's.
Dispatches in the Chicago Times, Inter-Ocean, and St. Louis Globe-Democrat last week, spoke very highly of the Kansas State University, its attendance, new chemical laboratory, etc.
C. D. Dean and H. F. Smith took Thanksgiving dinner with the former's parents, in Clinton. Dean, going out to see one of his country girls in eve, some of the country boys took their revenge by mutilating his city rig.
A new student, writing home, gave vent to the following complaint: "When I started from home you told me I was going out in the world alone, and must be and act a man. But as soon as I arrived and found that every time I wasn't in a room at a certain time a note was sent to you, and that the professors constituted so many watchmen in order to keep me out of mischief, I felt very much as if I were back in the primary grade.
The sudden death of Joseph Priestly, at Nogelese, Ariz., was received with mingled sorrow and surprise by our students. Joe will be especially remembered by those who attended the University several years ago. He left the University in '80, his Junior year. His love of excitement, which made him one of the first in all student gaieties, induced him to visit Old Mexico. He left last spring, with the intention of purchasing land in that wild region, which he thought was soon to be the goal of emigration and enterprise. Traveling through the most out-of-the way regions of that country, with a single companion, he found it impossible to get a legal title to land anywhere. Starting back, he took special care to avoid exposure to the yellow fever raging in Northern Mexico, and reached Nogelese, Arizona, on the 22d, where he thought himself safe. Here he stopped to attend to some business. Poor Joe! He had not yet escaped the insidious disease. While our people were offering thanks for God's gifts, Joe Priestly was dying far away from home and friends.
---
—Robert Protzman, class of '76, died at his home in Lane, Kas.
--Try Alfred Wright's handkerchief extract of Wild Olive at Straffon's. It is elegant.
—"What does it take to pass?" queried a balmy Fresh of a Senior whose mind was far away. The answer came quickly, "You can pass on most anything, but if you have both bowers and joker always order up."
We have always felt the want of a distinctively college song. Surely some of our literary students could write us a stirring one. If the lack of a subject is all that is in the way, we would suggest some such thought as "There is Hope for the busted."
THE CORRIDORS.
139
-Latest designs in gold and silver ware at Rushmer's.
—Classes were very thin Monday, but the chapel and corridors were unusually lively. Is this the effect of Thanksgiving?
It was on the day of November,
In the year of our Lord '83,
That inquired at the office,
"Have you any letters for me?"
The postmaster handed one over,
Which was opened with greatest delight.
But it read: "We are both well and able,
Yet—we find it convenient, not quite."
Make yourself happy with silver bought of Rushmer.
THE OROPHILIAN SOCIETY was never in a more prosperous condition than at present. Its membership has been increased this year by enthusiastic and worthy students.
The essays read at the last society meeting were worthy the attention of any audience. They showed careful preparation, nothing more, however, than we could expect from Miss Armour and Mr. Billingsly.
The oration delivered by Mr. Gates, of the law department, was the best rendered, the most polished oration delivered in Orophilian Hall for four years at least, and it was not lacking in its effects upon the audience. One criticism, however, it was too long. R.
-Silver tea-sets at Rushmer's.
—Largest stock of silver in the city, at Rushmer's.
According to the joint agreement of the two societies the contest is to be held the Friday after December 15. This year that date would be the 21st, or two days after college closes for vacation. This trouble will probable be remedied at the next meeting of the societies, and the date probably fixed for Wednesday, the 19th.
—Best makes of watches, at Rushmer's.
—Rushmer will do you good on Christmas.
The second annual convention of the Young Men's Christian Association of Kansas was held with the association in Lawrence, November 29, 30, and December 1 and 2. The following were the officers chosen: President, B. F. Thaxter, of Leavenworth; vice presidents, L. D. Pettit, of Emporia, H. C. Root, of Topeka; secretary, W. W. Bollard, of Topeka. The following prominent association workers were present from abroad: E. D. Ingersoll, railway secretary of International Committee, New York; Robert Weidensall, Western secretary, Chicago; N. D. Hillis, representing the college work, Chicago; A. T. Hemingway, general secretary, Chicago; Geo. T. Coxhead, secretary of Missouri, and W. H. Worth, assistant secretary, Kansas City.
At the first meeting, held Thursday evening, November 29, an address of welcome to the delegates was given by Hon. Ed. Russell, to which F. H. Clark, of Emporia, responded.
Friday and Saturday were given to business sessions of the convention and to the discussion of practical topics relating to association work. The work among college students was ably presented by Mr. Hillis.
On Sunday morning the pulpits of several of the churches were occupied by delegates to the convention. In the afternoon a meeting for men only was held in the Congregational Church, conducted by A. T. Herningway, of Chicago. The meeting was largely attended, and much interest was manifested At the same time a meeting for ladies only was held at the Presbyterian Church, conducted by Robert Weidensall In the evening a union mass meeting was held at the Congregational Church, at which time several addresses were made on the need of special work for young men, and the way the work is being done by the Young Men's Christian Association. The farewell meeting followed these addresses.
140
THE CORRIDORS.
—Miss Mamie Swaim visited with Miss Ada Few, at Leavenworth, during vacation.
To settle all doubts on the question we will state that the religious editor of the Courier goes by the handle of E. E. Ritchie. In his absence the business manager will officiate. Bennett is the fighting man of the staff, Curry is the sporting editor, and Miller the mashing editor. This statement is made in order to clear up any misapprehensions which may exist.
—"Le turke" (Le Turque?) is the Turk, native of Turkey. "Die tuerkei," is Turkey, the country. "Gallus Indicus" is the common fowl. Comments are unnecessary. Perhaps Turkey, le dindon, das Truthuhn, meleagris gallopavo, would have shown more knowledge of the various languages. Compliments of the season to the "me too" magazine.
—Time, Sunday evening; place, best parlor; occupants, Susanna and her solid fellow, dedicating the new patent sofa. At one minute past ten a bell under the sofa begins to peal. If this warning is not heeded, at five minutes past ten the sofa flies to pieces with such force as to send the fellow out the front door and his girl in the adjoining room. Warranted to give complete satisfaction to all anxious parents. Sold by all prominent furniture dealers.
The following good story is told of a last year's Junior, whose initials are Sam Detwiler. "Det" was engaged with a surveying party in a country district where
spelling school is the principal enjoyment. One night the teacher, who usually gave out the words, was absent, and the representative of the Kansas State University was asked to take his place. Eager to show the advantage of a college education, Det took the speller, assumed a wise expression, and began. Now in this spelling book the words are spelled correctly in one column and on the opposite are spelled as pronounced. Det., ignorant of this important fact, began with the wrong column. One after another of the champion spellers went down before this new method, until nearly the whole class took their seats, at the word beau, Det insisting, and the book bearing him out, that it was "bo." For almost an hour this new, unsuspecting desciple of phonetic spelling confused that poor class. When at last the mistake was discovered, Det. beat an inglorious retreat, and at the next spelling bee was mostly conspicuous by his absence.
The faculty get their Christmas presents at Rushmer's.
The Senior buys his girl a diamond ring at Rushmer's.
The Junior gets himself a watch at Rushmer's.
The Soph saves his money to buy an opera-glass of Rnshmer.
The Fresh gets a large silver spoon wherewith to shovel in his grub, at Rushmer's
The Prep stands so long before the magnificent display in Rushmer's windows that he gets hauled up before the faculty.
STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY Will find the largest stock of
BOOTS AND SHOES
to select from in the city, including all leading styles,at prices that will pay you to visit the Family Shoe Store before buying elsewhere.
MASON'S
---
Go to FAMOUS Boot and Shoe Store.
AN OLD FRIEND'S GREETING,
At this cheerful season, when so many hearts are light with the hopes and sentiments peculiar to the Holiday time, I should be glad to take all my friends by the hand and wish them a merry Christmas, and a happy, prosperous New Year. This being impossible, I have concluded to establish my headquarters at the Toy and Confectionery Store of Wm. WIEDEMANN, where I will be glad to receive callers and show them through my stock of Toys and Confectionery.
Remember I make my own Candy, and can guarantee it free from adulteration and of the finest flavor.
Remember to call at Santa Claus' headquarters for your Presents, and get prices before purchasing elsewhere. Hoping to see you all,
I remain yours truly,
SANTA CLAUS.
Per WM. WIEDEMANN, Clerk.
129 Massachusetts Street, Lawrence, Kan.
D. F. BICELOW. DEALER IN Drugs, Medicines, Toilet Articles AND PERFUMERY. 133 Mass. St., LAWRENCE, KAN. Prescriptions filled at all hours.
IN HOUSE'S NEW BLOCK Is Where Klock & Falley Are keeping A FIRST CLASS RESTAURANT Confectionery and Oysters in every style. 167 Massachusetts St.
BANK OF NEW YORK
LAWRENCE BUSINESS COLLGE,
[ ESTABLISHED 1869.]
Institute of Penmanship, Short-Hand, Telegraphy and English Training School.
Winter Term Opens January 3rd.
COURSE OF STUDY.
BUSINESS DEPARTMENT.—Book-keeping (by Single and Double entry) Commercial Arithmetic, Rapid Calculations, Actual Business Practice, Commercial Law, Business Penmanship, Letter Writing, Spelling and Grammar.
For Journal and information, address
LAWRENCE, KANSAS.
BOOR & McILRAVY. Principals and Proprietors.
HOENE. DEALER IN First-class Cigars and Tobacco, 135 Massachusetts Street.
HARRIS & SIMONS. Manufacturers of Finest Candies.
OYSTERS OF EVERY VARIETY.
SUPPERS SERVED IN THE BEST STYLE. 149 Massachusetts Street.
MERCHANT TAILORS. For First Class Work and latest Stylet go to KUNKEL & ROCKLUND, Over Steinberg's Dry Goods Store.
GRANT & PIATT. DEALERS IN Staple and Fancy Groceries.
GOODS ALWAYS FRESH.
Special Attention paid to Students' Clubs.
If in need of anything in our line you can get BARGAINS at 118 Massachusetts Street.
CITY SCHOOL BOOKS AT Kansas Paper Store.
VAIL & CHAPMAN. Skating Rink,
IN FRAZER HALL. Over Rushmer's Jewelry Store.
PERSHALL'S RESTAURANT And Dining Room.
MRS. GIBBS & DAUGHTERS Invite old and new friends to inspect their fine stock of
MILLINERY GOODS, OVER NEWMARK'S STORE.
MILLARD & COOPER, Billiard Parlors
Mrs. Gibbs is an experienced trimmer.
60 Massachusetts St.
W. CRUM, Dealer in STOVES, TINWARE
Gas, Steam and Water Fitting, Roofing Guttering, Heavy Sheet Iron Work, Hose, Gas Pipe, Brass Goods, &c. Job Work promptly done.
180 Massachusetts Street. LAWRENCE, KAN.
---
Kunkel & Rocklund, the Champion Tailors.
STUDENTS.
Buy Your Groceries OF ENDSLEY JONES.
C. L. EDWARDS,
DEALER IN
Hard and Soft Coals.
OFFICE 143 MASSACHUSETTS ST.
Scotford's Portraits
The best Photographic productions in the city. 715 Main St., KANSAS CITY.
GO TO NO. 90 MASSACHUSETTS STREET For a Good Shave and Hair Cut. THE BEST BARBERS IN THE CITY. MARK ANTHONY, Prop'r.
TEETH EXTRACTED WITHOUT PAIN
By the use of VITALIZED AIR.
J.E. GEROULD,
DENT ST.
OVER TWENTY-ONE
YEARS EXPERIENCE.
All-
Work
War-
rant-
ed.
No. 618 Main Street.
KANSAS CITY, MO.
P. ULRICKSON,
STOVES.
---
as and Steam Fitting, Tinware. Job Work done promptly. 137 Massachusetts Street.
137 Massachusetts Street.
STUDENTS,REMEMBER!
Latest Styles of Boots and Shoes AT BOYD'S,
House's New Block
CHAS. CHADWICK.
Insurance Agent,
77 Massachusetts Street.
STEELE & BELL. L. S. STEELE. PETER BELL. Attorneys, Real Estate, Loan and Insurance Agents. Office on Henry, west of Mass. St.
JOHN CHARLTON
Fire and Tornado Insurance Office over Leis' Drug Store.
DR. S. B. ANDERSON.
Office over Field and Evans' Store. Patronage Solicited. Massachusetts Street.
JOHN PUNTON, M. D., Lawrence, Kan. Office in connection with Dr. F. D. Morse, over Woodward's Drug Store.
V C. MILLER, Physician and Surgeon. Office over A. Marks' Jewelry Store.
J. D. PATTERSON,
DENTIST. Office over Woodward's Drug Store.
DR. F. H. WILSON,
DENTIST.
First Class Work and Moderate Charges. .35 Massachusetts St., LAWRENCE, KAN.
PAINLESS DENTISTRY.
PAINLESS DENTISTRY. By the use of "Vitalized Air." The only "Hurd" appara tus in Kansas. DR. GILLESPIE'S Dental Rooms, No. 9. Massachusetts St., North of National Bank.
RUTTER BROTHERS,
Rubber Stamps and Stencils
Under Moak's Billiard Parlors,
L
G. PETERSON,
SHOEMAKER Repairing Neatly Done. Second door back of McCurdy Block.
SAM WALKER
Will furnish Rigs at reasonable rates. Stable on North Massachusetts St.
PAT HAMLIN
Furnishes Fine Rigs at Student's Prices. Stable just East of Post Office.
UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS.
A. W.
DEPARTMENTS:
Collegiate, Preparatory, Musical, Law, Normal, Medicine, Civil Engineering
FACULTY:
JOSHUA A. LIPPINCOTT, A. M., D. D., President Mental and Moral Philosophy.
FRANK H. SNOW, A.M., Ph.D. Natural History.
DAVID H. ROBINSON, A. M., Latin Language and Literature.
EPHRAIM MILLER, A. M., S., Mathematics.
'E. H. S. BAILEY, Ph.D., Chemistry, Mineralogy and Metallurgy.
JAMES H. CANFIELD, A.M., History and Political Science.
KATE STEPHENS, A. M., Greek Language and Literature.
FRANK O. MARVIN, A. M., Civil Engineering and Drawing.
EDWARD L. NICHOLS, Ph.D., Physics, Astronomy.
For General Information, address
P. J. WILLIAMS, A. M., D. D., Dean of Normal Department.
LEVERETT W. SPRING, A. B., English Literature, Rhetoric, Belles Lettres and Logic.
WILLIAM A. CARRUTH, A. M., German and French Languages and Literature.
ARTHUR G. CANFIELD, A. M., Instructor in German and French.
M. W. STERLING, A. B., Instructor in Latin and Greek.
L. L. DYCHE.
Assistant in Natural History.
W. B. BROWNELL, A. B.
Elocution and English.
RICHARD A. LEHMAN,
Instructor in Music.
J. W. GREEN, Dean of Law Department. MARCUS SUMMERFIELD Instructor, Law Department.
W. C. SPANGLER, Clerk.
J. HOUSE The Popular Clothier!
Grand array of attractions in Men's, Youths', Boys', and Children's Clothing. New styles for Fall and Winter now ready for you. Absolute perfection in fabric, fit, and durability, guaranteed. You may be sure of the latest and best! You may count on the lowest prices. Come right now and get a quadruple bargain.
1st bargain, Best Style ; 2nd bargain, Finest Fabric ; 3rd bargain, Perfect Fit; 4th bargain, Lowest Prices.
J. HOUSE, - - - - 79 Mass. St.
F. G. ALFORD, Dealer in Hardware, Stoves and Tinware No.28 Massachusetts St., LAWRENCE.- KANSAS Barb Wire at Very Low Rates.
A. WHITCOMB,
FLORIST. Corner Warren and Tennessee Streets, LAWRENCE, KANSAS.
C. A. PEASE & SON,
Dealers in all kinds of
Fresh and Salt Meats, Fish and Oysters. Sole agents for Booth's Oysters. 140 Mass. Street.
UNIVERSITY TEXT BOOKS
AT LOWEST PRICES.
Everything needed by Students in the
Book and Stationery Line.
ARTIST MATERIALS! PICTURE FRAMES! FINE STATIONERY. AT J. S. CREW & CO.
THE LARGEST BOOK STORE IN KANSAS.
Hamilton! Hamilton!
Is Headquarters for anything in the line of Photography.
STUDENTS, call and I will guarantee satisfaction. HAMILTON,- - Opposite "Round Corner" Drug Store.
BEATTY
BEATTY
FAMOUS BEETHOVEN.
10 Sets Reeds, 27 Stops, Price $125 Largest Organ Establishment on the Globe. VISITORS ARE WELCOME. Address or Call upon the Manufacturer, Daniel F. Beatty, Washington, New Jersey
J. M. & LUCY TAYLOR. First-class Dentist Work Opposite Round Corner Drug Store.
WEBSTER.
In Sheep, Russia, and Turkey Bindings.
WEBSTER'S UNABRIDGED DICTIONARY NEW EDITION WITH SUPPLEMENT
Best for Families and best for Schools. GET THE BEST.
GET THE BEST.
Best For Spelling.
Best For Definitions.
Best For Pronunciation.
Best For Illustrations.
Best For Brief Biography.
Best For Etymology.
Best For Synonyms.
"A LIBRARY IN ITSELF."
Warmly Indorsed by the
Teachers of the Country.
Scholars of the Country.
Schools of the Country.
Press of the Country.
People of the Country.
English Speaking People of the World.
TESTIMONY TO ITS VALUE
TESTIMONY TO ITS VALUE.
WEBSTER is a book for the nation to be proud of. [Prof. J. D. Dana, Yale. Etymology and definitions, superior to any other. [Prof. E. Abbot, Harvard. Believe it to be most perfect Dictionary of the language. [Dr. J. G. Holland. Superior in most respects to any other known to me. [George P. Marsh. The Courts look to it as highest authority in definition. [U.S. Chief Justice Waite. Every literary and business man should have it. [Benj. H. Hill, U.S. Senator, Ga. Regard it as a work of unparalleled merit. [Pres't Battle, Univ. of N. C.
G. & C. MERRIAM & CO., Pub's, Springfield, Mass.
A. G. MENGER, 82 Massachusetts Street.
Cordially invites students and teachers, as well as everybody else, to take a look at his stock of
BOOTS AND SHOES,
Thanking for all past favors, he asks a continuance of the same.
TRADE PALACE.
Grand Holiday Announcement
On Monday, December 10, 1883,
We will begin our
GRAND CLEARANCE SALE!
We have an enormous stock of Silks, Velvets, Dress Goods, Cloaks, etc., which will be sacrificed before the holidays set in, as we have a large stock of beautiful goods suitable for holiday presents, consisting of
Russian Leather Work Boxes, Russian Leather Music Rolls, Russian Leather Dressing Cases, Hand Mirrors, Toilet Cases, Writing Desks, Artificial Flowers and Plants, Vases and Jardineres for Parlor Decorations, Silk Handkerchiefs and Mufflers, and the most complete line of
Ladies' Real Lace Collars and Fichus in the State.
YOUR INSPECTION IS SOLICITED.
Orders by mail will receive very careful attention.
A. B. KAHNWEILER & BRO., 169 Massachusetts Street.
"WE LEAD THE TRADE, NEVER FOLLOW."
LAST CALL THIS YEAR!
We would again call your attention to the many devices we have for taking money out of your pockets—willingly of course. We refer you to our many departments for particulars, which are specially appointed for the
HOLIDAY TRADE.
We mention Gloves-Kid and Fabric; Fans, Bows, Fichus, Silk Handkerchiefs, an elegant assortment; Linen Handkerchiefs, the largest and finest goods in the city.
Silks, Satins, Black and Colored Cashmeres.
FANCY DRESS GOODS, DOLMANS, RUSSIAN CIRCULARS, JACKETS, ETC.
WE EXTEND TO YOU A CORDIAL INVITATION TO CALL.
Wishing you all a
MERRY CHRISTMAS,
GEO. INNES & CO.
STUDENTS ATTENTION!
You will always find the newest and largest assortment of Millinery and Fancy Goods At MISSES A. & C. MUGLER, No.113 Massachusetts Street.
PIANOS & ORGANS.
THE OPEN PITCHER.
W. W. LAPHAM.
717 MAIN ST.,
Kansas City,
MISSOURI,
The Best Goods! The Lowest Prices!
Decker Bros.
Mathushek,
Story & Camp, Pianos. Estey,
Story & Camp, Organs.
Western Agent for the Dentaphone for the Deaf.
Send for Catalogue.
METTNER,
-THE PHOTOGRAPHER-
79 Massachusetts Street.
THE STUDENT'S POPULAR ARTIST.
W. M. CULBERTSON,
Wholesale and Retail Dealer in
Hard Coal, Soft Coal,
PIEDMONT SMITHING COAL,
Office 110 Massachusetts St.
C. M. STONE & CO.,
Dealers in Hard and Soft Coal. Office No. 160 Massachusetts Street. WITH BUTLER & ALEXANDER.
PALMER & GRIFFIN Dealers in Coal and Wood, Office 1st door south of M. E. Church.
Reduced Rates to Students.
Turkish Bath!
Opposite Lawrence House.
1883. FALL. 1883.
TEMPLE OF FASHION
THE FINEST SUITS IN KANSAS
ARE MADE BY
McCONNELL
THE TAILOR.
63 Massachusetts Street.
THE POPULAR BARBERS HARRIS & MURPHY, Opposite Mason's Shoe Store.
[Established 1870.]
CONOVER BROTHERS.
PRIORITIES
BROTHERS,
MANUFACTURERS OF
FIRST CLASS
613 Main St..
KANSAS CITY.
UPRIGHT and SQUARE PIANOS.
Publishers of Music and Music Books. Jobbers in Musical Merchandise.
General Agents for "Steinway & Sons" and "J. & C. Fischer rianos." "Geo. Woods & Co." "Burdett," and "Shoninger" Organs.
235 E. 21st St., NEW YORK.
C. W. STRAFFON, Prescription Druggist.
WHY THIS RUSH INTO OUR STORE?
A man in a suit and top hat stands with his hand on the shoulder of another man, who is also wearing a top hat. In the background, there are several other men, all wearing top hats and suits. The scene appears to be taking place in an indoor setting, possibly a hall or a crowded area.
BECAUSE
The people say our establishment is one of the handsomest and best lighted in the West.
BECAUSE
Our Assortment is the largest.
Our Styles the latest.
Our Fabrics the best.
Our Prices the lowest.
BECAUSE
We pay particular attention to the cut, make and trimming of every garment that enters our House.
BECAUSE
By strictly square dealing and liberality we are deserving their patronage.
For Clothing and Furnishing
Always go to
STEINBERG, THE KING CLOTHIER.
The University Courier.
Vol. II. — DECEMBER ,20 1883. — No. 8.
CONTEST PRODUCTIONS.
LABOR.
ORATION, DY GEORGE B. WATSON, OF THE OROPHILIAN SOCIETY.
Our Nation calls itself practical and progressive. We proudly point to our great cities as products of honest toil, we look at our vast field of grain, we listen to the hum of busy wheels and say that we are a nation of workers. Everywhere we hear the clashing arms of peaceful labor and challenge the world to produce an equal marvel. 'Tis impossible; the picture is truly American. Yet a recent critic has said that, "We are an industrious people—we are in our attempt to keep out of work; that we are not living in a golden age, nor an iron age, nor a stone age, but in an indolent and shoddy age." This criticism seems undeserved and harsh indeed, but perhaps there is more truth in it than we think.
On looking about us we see the American youth already beginning to abandon the time-honored ways that lead to success; by those routes progress is too slow. They begin to hate honest, plodding work. They were not intended to earn their bread by the sweat of their brows. There are lucrative positions and professions awaiting them somewhere which will enable them to join,
without special effort, the indolent, wealthy pleasure-taking aristocracy of the land.
That there is a true aristocracy everywhere, a class of persons in every country who, by virtue of native talent and well directed energy, are superior to the rank and file, is proved by universal experience; but the idea that there is room here for a nation of shoddy aristocrats cannot for a moment be entertained. Yet on every side young men are leaving the farms and work-shops and rushing to the cities to enter some genteel business or profession. What are the reasons for such a calamitous procedure?
A score of years ago we were a nation of slave-holders—we had been such for a century—and is it any wonder that the curse still weighs upon us, that we are trying to produce a nation of masters? No,it is but natural that posterity should still have the same longing to crack the whip that so long disgraced our country. Moreover our country is receiving a vast immigration from the old world. They do not come as fugitives from political persecution; they are not the wealthy class fleeing because of civi-
.
142
LABOR.
dissensions. No, they come from the peasant class; they are the industrious poor, the trades-men and mechanics who, dissatisfied with their condition at home, seek employment in the golden west. These are naturally content to fill the humbler walks of life, to till the soil, to work in the shops, to build our railroads, and we are willing to let them. Thus it becomes an easy matter for us Americans to foster a spirit which may one day be the cause of serious trouble.
As a people we are too superficial. Skilled labor is always in demand, and in Europe individual competition has made the greatest possible skill absolutely necessary. Therefore a system of apprenticeship has grown up there, and tradesmen and mechanics do not spring up in a day, but are made by long years of careful training. In America, however, we are yet new and think there is room for all; that our acres will never be overcrowded; that, if we must work, tomorrow we can turn our hands to new tasks without previous training. Industry, however, has its own reward, indolence its penalty. In the factories and workshops; in those trades that require skill and proficiency, the positions are already filled by foreigners educated in the trade schools of Europe and, if we seek admission, we find the doors locked against our inexperience. Do not the Americans of to-day see that while they are trying to avoid work, trying to escape the sentence pronounced upon all mankind; while they are endeavoring to make themselves aristocrats to lord it over labor; while they let the shops and trades fill with foreigners, that they are undermining our own nationality and building up an European state? Prosperity depends upon exertion. Educate the child or nation to idleness or petty labor and you destroy both its mental and physical health and vigor, and thereby turn it into the street.
The tendency among Americans to avoid
labor is early leading to many difficulties. The disposition, sorry to say, is becoming manifest among all classes, all sexes. An evidence of the evil is shown in the struggle between capital and labor. Here the contest is made more intense by the fact that the capitalists are Americans and the laborers mostly foreigners who have no adequate conception of our laws, institutions and social distinctions, but look at everything through European eyes. They cannot see the necessity of harmony or of the amicable adjustments of differences between the great powers of capital and labor, and unreasonably insist upon every demand.
Our propensity to indolence is also giving rise to other serious questions. Not only are the men, but the women even are beginning to shun their province. Domesduties seem to have but little charm for them, and how to provide a table with delicious wholesome food, is fast becoming a real problem. They seem to forget that vants cannot be trusted altogether; better into what position in life a complete knowledge of home is necessary, kitchen as well at the posi- that of
Again there is an immutable law that every man owns the product of his own labor, that he who does the work must have the wages. This is proven by a problem now forcing itself upon the American people. If anywhere the relations of master and slave could be successfully and profitably carried out, we would naturally think that the state could maintain such an attitude towards the convict, a person who has forfeited his citizenship, liberty, social and domestic privileges, and all it would seem, except life itself; but not so,for he has one thing the state cannot take from him, and that is his own
1. 下列选项中错误的是 (    )
LABOR
143
labor and the right to the fruits of it. It is now a demonstrated fact that a state cannot profitably force unpaid labor from criminals even as punishment; if it does so,itbecomes a formidable rival to free labor,the support of the social fabric. The only solution of this problem is to pay the convict fair wages, applying his earnings to the support of his family, thus removing that burden from the free community,
These are some of the stumbling blocks that now lie in our pathway which must be removed, for it is evident that labor brings with it its own reward: that we must labor for ourselves; that no class will always remain slaves, nor another, masters. How then can Americans, as a master class, expect to lay claim to the labor of underlings, when the state cannot take so much from a convict? Do they not see that unless they take the helm themselves, the ship will go upon the rocks? Moreover idleness is a disgrace. How much better is an idler than a thief? The one takes secretly: the other brazenly demands a livelihood from a community cursed with his presence. They both share the fruit of another's toil and assume what does not belong to them.
No such stigma, however, can be put upon labor, and what greater incentives can ambition need than the achievements of other men? By work, Newton became a master of philosophy. A man studied iron and water, and sent the locomotive thundering through the valleys and over the hills doing us useful service. Another, by persistent application, taught the steamship how to plow old Ocean. Another worked
out the problem of distant communication by means of a little wire, and still another catches at a natural force and makes night brilliant as the day. Are these men degraded? Is a skillful farmer, mechanic or professional man to be despised? All nature has its labor to perform. A little drop of water makes a continual revolution from earth to heaven and back again, doing in its course a mighty work; the air surges to and fro, every particle of it laden with a life-sustaining property; every atom of matter continually changes its form, now existing as a mere particle of matter, again as a constituent of animal life-always busy. Surely there is nothing degrading in complying with a law of the Universe. Man can be no exception. No! Labor is honorable, and young Americans are making a fatal mistake in trying to avoid it. It is an element necessary to success either individual or national.
The people of America, therefore, must learn that talent and labor are necessary to make the aristocrats of the land; that they cannot rise higher than the source; that no people can become a nation of masters; that if we import a servant class, they will export us; that the homes of free America can never be reared by the hands of foreigners; that every man must abide under a roof of his own making; that whatsoever their hands find to do, they must do it with a will, and then the future can never dim, the sun, as it sinks to rest, will ever crown the end of a beautiful, cloudless, useful and happy day and peaceful night will bring repose to an industrious and prosperous Nation.
144
A PROBLEM.
A PROBLEM.
CONTEST ORATION BY W. Y. MORGAN, OF THE OREAD SOCIETY.
--that of violence, or known a principle of government save that enforced by the lash. What shall be done with the negro? is a problem which for fifteen years our statesmen have striven to answer. The attempt made by force to blot out the color line, almost indelible by long-continued existence, failed. Legislation has not worked out the remedy for the wrong. Suffrage has not atoned for the injury. The root of the evil is yet untouched; the axe to lay it bare is education. A ballot placed in the negro's hand gives him the power of making himself felt. And if that ballot be intelligent and upright, his elevation must follow and prejudice be swept away. No line can be drawn between men of worth because of a difference in a shade of color.
When the founders of our republic were deliberating over the constitution, a question occupied their attention which became for nearly a century a standing menace to the Union. In all the colonies slavery was practiced or recognized. Yet all agreed that the system was radically wrong. But in deference to the conservative spirit of the convention and from a desire to secure the adoption of the constitution, this matter was passed by and referred to the decision of the several States.
O, patriot fathers, could you have known the effects of this fatal omission, how different might have been many pages of our history! But the little cloud, just emerging from the horizon, was not noticed, and years afterward the tempest, bursting with pent-up fury, shook the state to its very foundation.
The desire for gain kept the eyes of onehalf of the country closed to its action. Slave labor was profitable. It brought wealth and power. It silenced conscience. But at last the awakening came; and after four years of civil war the error of the fathers was corrected. Four million slaves became freemen, citizens, voters. They learn the truth of Whittier's lines:
The ballot, though it fall as still
As snowflakes on the frozen sod,
Yet executes a freeman's will!
As lightning does the will of God."
Our power of assimilation is great. Multitudes of the oppressed and ignorant of the old world seek our shores, mingle with a free people, and are clothed with the purple of citizenship. Such is the story of a century. Emigration results not in apparent injury. But here are four millions of an entirely different race, for generations kept in abject slavery, who have never felt a restraining influence except
"But this will take time." Yes; the work of centuries can not be reversed in a day, or a year, or a generation. We must atone for our father's faults as well as enjoy their perfections. The tares must be reaped along with the grain. A long bloody war gave the negro freedom. But to stop here is criminal. We did but justice when we unloosed the shackles we had placed upon him, and the negro stood forth in Heaven's sunlight, a freeman.
"Before man made them citizens.
Great Nature made them men."
And in accordance with the principles set forth in the Declaration of Independence, the black man, as well as the white, must be protected in life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Self-protection demands that we give him every opportunity to rise to a higher level, to become a useful, a worthy citizen of this great republic.
The character of the negro is simple, almost childish. He is swayed by his passions rather than by his judgment. He
A A A A A
DEBATE.
145
listens to his heart, not to his head. Gratitude and revenge influence his vote more than argument. The assertion has been made that he would sell his suffrage. On the contrary the history of recent politics shows that money cannot buy his freeman's right, neither bribes nor threats ever shake his allegiance to that party to which he thinks he owes his freedom. But when these bonds are broken by the lapse of time, then there will be danger from this source. The ignorant of any race or color, of every time, have been open to this charge of venality. It is not because his skin is black that his ballot must be regarded with suspicion, but because of his ignorance, which is his legacy from the white master.
The greatest danger to a free country is in the ignorance of its people. Its greatest assurance of permanency is the educating of its citizens to know and choose the right, to detect the false from the true, to decide between the patriot and the demagogue, to know the difference between licentiousness and liberty. The right of suffrage has been given to the colored citizen. The knowledge necessary to properly use this power is still withheld. The tools are in the workman's hands, but he has not the skill to profit by them. The constant discrimination made against the negro does not tend to make him a good citizen of a country, which, while professing to believe that all men are created equal, transgresses this principle every day of its existence.
This question is ever with us and will not down. The injustice we have done calls for redress. Duty to humanity requires action. Love for our country demands immediate measures for protection. The problem must be grappled with. It must be worked out with care, earnestness, enthusiasm, devotion. And if, when succeeding generations have had time to destroy false prejudice, another view of this country be granted, may we not see a nation divided by unreal lines into a North or a South, or separated into hostile races, Caucasian or Negro, but from ocean to ocean, from lake to gulf, one united, liberty-loving people, who shall delight in the common name, Americans.
DEBATE.
Resolved: THAT PARTY FEALTY SHOULD OUTWEIGH CONSIDERATIONS OF CHARACTER.
HONORABLE JUDGES, LADIES AND GENTLEMEN:
Affirmative—W. B. Swickard.
Resolved, That party fealty should outweigh considerations of character.
In the consideration of this question three ideas naturally present themselves:
1st. What do we mean by party fealty?
2d. What do we mean by considerations of character?
3d. What do we mean by outweigh?
Loyalty to any cause, in and of itself, wins the admiration of all men. But loyalty to one's country, or patriotism, cannot be extolled too highly. It is the foundation stone of government; therefore, no motive in public life can outweigh it. Loyalty to a friend is love, and there is no question but that love outweighs considerations of character. It may be founded on considerations of character, but when once fixed is paramount.
Now, party fealty is loyalty both to friends and country. That it means loyal-
146
DEBATE.
ty to friends, even my opponent will admit. So, it only remains to prove that party fealty is loyalty to one's country, and my point is established beyond controversy.
The origin of all parties is in the fact that different men have different ideas as to what is best for the country at large. In the United States this has given rise to two leading parties, each based upon what it defines to be best for public welfare. If this is true, and a moment's thought will convince you that it is, it is patriotism that creates parties, and to be loyal to the party is to be patriotic. Party fealty then, is loyalty to country and friend, therefore, no matter what definition is given considerations of character, the former is the better motive. True, parties, at present, seem to have forgotten the need that gave them birth. They have fallen from their high estate; and what is the cause? They are no longer led by the loyalty to party principles, but by personal considerations.
Again, the whole of anything is greater than one of its parts. Considerations of character is a part of party fealty, and therefore cannot outweigh it.
When a young lady or gentleman enters the University is it not consideration of the character of certain persons that causes him to take them into his confidence and make friends of them? Is it not so everywhere? But considerations of character is directly a part of party fealty. For when a boy reaches mature years it is considerations of character that influence his choice of a party; and when the choice is made it is consideration of character among other things that causes him to be faithful, therefore considerations of character is a part of party fealty, and cannot outweigh it.
My opponent may say, however, that party fealty means a blind following of the
party leaders. But that would be man fealty. For the so-called leaders do not constitute the party. The gentleman himself will hardly claim that. If he is a republican he will say that the party at large is not to blame for the Star Route frauds, nor will he, if a democrat, admit that he is responsible for the Ku-klux outrages. And, if a leader shows himself unworthy of the trust of his party, it is party fealty that requires his removal.
Or he may say, "party fealty requires one to vote for the man who is on the party ticket regardless of his moral character." For the sake of argument I will admit that it is true. Calling your attention, however, to the fact that regardless of moral character does not mean, as he would infer, that the character of every candidate is bad until proven good, but the contrary. The gentleman seems to have forgotten that we have primaries and conventions at which, if there are sufficient objections to a man on account of his character, it is an easy matter to prevent his nomination: provided the moral men of the party are present, and it is party fealty that compels their attendance.
The farmer, who wishes to rid his field forever of sprouts, strikes at their roots. He does not wait till they become saplings and then trim them.
When honest men, led by party fealty, do their duty before as well as at elections, when politicians are sure of the support of their whole party, when men cease to be led by prejudice, under the name of consideration of character, then, and not till then, can there, or will there, be such reforms as are necessary.
Can considerations of character ever accomplish this work? No; for, according to my opponent's definition, consideration of character means, simply, refusing to vote at elections for very many whom we do not
DEBATE.
147
know to be moral. And what is the consequence? Numbers of our best citizens do not vote at all because they are not satisfied with the character of either candidate; and the reins of government would soon be given over to the worse class of citizens.
I do not say that we should pay no attention to the morals of the candidates; but I do say, and I hope that I have proven my statement to be true, that party fealty not only embraces all there is good in the consideration of character and leaves out the bad, for consideration of character may be immoral as well as moral, but it goes farther; and is a guide through many intricate places in which there is no occasion to ask the character of any one.
There are times, crises in a nation, when a man's fidelity to his party, his ability as a statesman, and the political issue, should alone be considered; when it would be madness to desert your party because a man whom you know to be vicious is nominated.
The storm cloud has already risen above the horizon. It's mutterings have long been heard. The ship trembles as if conscious of her troubles. The sailors are divided. Part favor deserting the ship. The others swear they will save her or perish with her. It is agreed to elect a captain, and the party that wins is to rule. Every one knows the issue at stake, and votes for or against leaving the ship. There is no thought as to the character of the men. To elect this one gives a chance for life. To elect the other they know means death. For if the ship is unsafe how can they hope to weather the hurricane in their tiny boats! You all know the result. Lincoln, the unknown rail-splitter of Illinois, took his stand at the helm. And when he called for volunteers to work the ship, there are men here to-night, who,without a thought of the moral character of Abraham Lincoln, sprang to the front, and for four long, bloody years fought against the storm of rebellion in the defense of party principles.
By rare good fortune, Lincoln was as good as he was talented. But suppose that he had been of known immoral character, and his opponent a man of pure life; if considerations of character had outweighed party fealty, what would have been the result?
Honorable judges, this is but one of many instances in which men have no doubt as to which motive should influence their vote.
True, there may be no more rebellions but other issues, fully as vital, will arise.
Yet, my opponent will say, "considerations of character of the candidate should always outweigh party fealty."
To-night you must decide for one or the other. And, lest some one is yet in doubt, my opponent cause him to decide wrongly, I will say in conclusion:
Party fealty means fidelity to the party to which a man belongs.
Considerations of character means infidelity to party.
Considerations of character says: Enquire first into the personal motives of the leaders.
Considerations of character does not suppose that you have any.
Party fealty says: Attend the primaries and see that proper men are nominated.
Party fealty says: Follow your party principle.
Party fealty says: Endorse the measures taken to increase party strength and secure national welfare.
Considerations of character says: Read the newspapers and find out the character of the man after he is nominated.
Party fealty says: For the sake of the party do not nominate immoral men.
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NEGATIVE.
Considerations of character says: Leave the party if one is nominated.
Party fealty demands that every member of the party be moral. Then will it reach at point of perfection to which it is the ambition of true statesmen and patriots to attain.
Considerations of character means, too often, only seeing the mote in our brother's eye, and taking no heed of the beam in our
own. And as long as men are guided by it to long will parties be shifting, troubled asses, without order and without a purse beyond the scope of the pessimist.
Considerations of character is a tributary that flows into party fealty, while party fealty stretches out and beyond as the ocean upon which our Ship of State sails to the harbor of Utopia.
NEGATIVE.
W. T. FINDLEY OF THE OROPHILIAN SOCIETY.
All forms of government, if left to themselves, drift toward absolute monarchy, the primitive government of man. Unceasing vigilance in the masses has stayed the hand of oppression and has placed sovereignty where it is to-day.
The main object of every government is to restrain and punish evil doers and to promote the interests of the people. "Just and equal laws for the general good" has been our motto ever since the Mayflower touched our shores. But how can this form of government be brought about? Is this the province of political parties? Do party leaders ascertain the will of the people and embody the substance of it in party platforms? Do these platforms mark out the general course the leaders expect to follow? All parties claim to hold the interests of the people paramount. The people ought to know what these principles of parties are and in what ways they differ. Let us examine the platforms and see. In 1880, each of the two leading parties spent its longest breath in self-praise; and its second, in hurling anathemas at the other party. The one favors "national sovereignty," the other opposes "centralization and tendencies to
despotism;” the one says "no sumptuary laws,'" the other is silent; the one says "tariff for revenue only," the other, "duties levied for revenue should discriminate in favor of American labor." This last is the only point on which they stand face to face, and that is not a strict party question. If these platforms are the real representatives of party spirit, does such a difference warrant the imperiling of country to save the party by electing the less worthy candidate.
Party leaders look to personal interests. This no one denies; and just so far they are depriving the people of their rights. In a convention the first question is not who will serve the people best, but who will keep the party united. This was one of the arguments used for Jackson's re-election, and it is the first one in every campaign. The most popular man must be named and the party must stand by him good or bad. The popular man is seldom the best official. In 1828, the fame of Indian wars won the presidency for Jackson over John Quincy Adams. "Log cabins"and "hard cider" elected one to the presidency who had not enough patriotism to cast his ballot in twenty years. Campaign songs and mot-
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toes have often taken the place of public reason. Party leaders will raise a boom if they can. It is not a matter of popular service with them; all their political, and often only honor, is based on party success. They have cast their lot with the party, and with it their political name must live or die.
The party is used for personal aggrandizement. Party platforms are ignored that personal interests may be advanced. It is said parties lead the people, but when have they done it? When did a party endorse a plank that the people had not worn smooth by years of handling? The Chinese and Mormon questions were debated for years by the people before they were mentioned in party platforms. Party leaders are not vanguards; they keep away from doubtful issues, and they do this for their own interest.
Strict party fealty is hostile to our government. The party is a means for certain ends. We should never forget our purpose that our plans may be perfected. "The sure sign of the general decline of an art is the frequent occurrence not of deformity but of misplaced beauty." The decline of republicanism is foretold not in an eradication of principles, but in an abuse of them. The caucus should not virtually elect judge, legislator and congressman. If we trust to the party and not to the candidate elect for the defense of the people's rights, we imperil good government. Can an honest vote be cast for a party's candidate when 'tis known that he is inferior in morals, in trust, in veracity? A man of doubtful character at home is dangerous abroad. The man that is negligent, unjust, false in county affairs, would be an hundred times worse in the Congress of our nation. What freeman's rights do I exercise at the polls if I am content to vote the proffered party ticket without an inquiring mind?
An individual may know every candidate; true, but when he does know them, what is his duty? Is it ever expedient to vote for a questionable man? Again, I ask, can an honest, intelligent vote be cast for an Aaron Burr?
"Responsibility is the greatest educator of a people. Throw the responsibility of officials upon party leaders, and you take it from the people. Take it from the people and you deprive them of their interest and the government will fall into the hands of a few. Strict party fealty will make any government more aristocratic; and any restrictions that dictate what man shall be elected is destructive to republican institutions.
The needs of our government demand officials that are men of integrity. Every nation must have honest leaders, or the people are wronged. History is full of the sufferings of mankind at the hands of tyrannical rulers. Fleeing from oppression in the Old World, our forefathers established in the New, a nation based on a new principle, that the whole people can manage a government better than the few. But many wills make many ways. To restrain them all with even-handed justice demands men of intelligence and honesty, who shall make and enforce "just and equal laws."
Platforms are but idle words if party leaders do not stand by them. We might have written our Declaration of Independence in every language, proclaimed it in every tongue, and repeated it to this day without effect if there had not been men of unswerving integrity to complete its recognition. We might denounce the evils of
Trusting in our constitution and statutes, we forget that all are rulers, all responsible for obedience to laws, and for the acts of officials. We insert a reform plank in our platform and flatter ourselves that political salvation is secured.
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this country, we might resolve their eradication in every platform, and urge reform in every convention; and if our officials are men of doubtful character, morally or politically, our efforts will be in vain.
Other governments have fallen by abusing the rights of citizens, by extorting taxes, by sustaining extravagant courts.
These are customs we must avoid. How can this be done? How can we avoid reckless systems of subsidies, river and harbor bills, and Yorktown celebrations? Is it by electing the party politician over the man of integrity? No; we must rise above that. Republicanism, in theory, is far superior to royalty; and to hold its place
among the governments of the world as such, it demands the purer characters in the holders of power.
Allow me, in conclusion, to present these truths: That present party distinctions are not sufficient grounds for electing men of doubtful character over men of integrity; that party leaders look to personal rather than to public interests; that strict party fealty tends toward an overthrow of republicanism; that the needs of our government demand officials that are men of unsullied character. Therefore, since the preservation of the nation is superior to that of the party, fidelity to the party should not outweigh considerations of character.
THE HUMANITY TO BE.
CONTEST ESSAY, BY MISS MARY GILMORE, OF THE OROPHILIAN SOCIETY.
A musical tone is perfect melody in itself. You may so combine this tone with others of different pitch and volume that, "Like sweet bells jangled, out of tone and hand." they grate upon the nerves, giving exquisite pain and mental restlessness; or with a stroke, they may be made to blend into a symphony, producing a charm to inspire the discouraged or soothe the enraged.
So there are elements in human nature which, according as they are wrongly or rightly combined, will produce ruin or divine excellence. Let society blend, harmonious relations exist between men, and humanity will receive its highest development.
Man is created surrounded by others and is endowed with a nature desirous of companionship. Thus he ought not to isolate himself from society, for he has duties to
perform toward every human creature. Nor ought several to combine for their own advancement, to the entire exclusion of others. Each one is made for all, not all for one.
There are lesser intellects and the greater ones,the virtuous characters and the vicious. We can not rightfully compel the intelligent man to associate hourly with the dull, because he would obtain nothing in return for what he might impart; and the contact would mar his own brilliancy. And if the depraved and evil-minded should be chosen for associates by those of sensitive moral natures, it would end in their own debasement. Nor has man any right to be neutral, or to entirely ignore, thus degrading them: but his duty, arising from his relations, is to elevate men.
Wealth and family have been a barrier between man and man in all ages. In this
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country our constitution is founded on principles of equality, but we do not carry them out. For such expressions as these are current: "The Better Classes," "The Middle Classes," "The Lower Classes." though we have no clear idea what constitutes them, nor can we give a reason for their foundation. The orders are not so fixed as in Europe, but as far as they extend are just as harmful. Wealth should not be the criterion, for the possession of it does not indicate fine social qualities, intellect, or excellency of character. And there are the fundamental principles of perfectly adjusted society. A family is merely a name, and "what's in a name?" It is the man's mind and soul, not his worldly possessions and his family name.
"The pith o' sense and pride o' worth Are higher ranks than a' that."
Men may think that as divisions have existed they are a necessity, and they accept them without examination. In this they harm themselves, as through disuse, judgment and insight lose their acuteness; and they do injustice to the stigmatized party, for does not every one have some good qualities which ought to be recognized and encouraged? Man should have sympathies for all, he should possess a soul that would reject the narrowness of the past, and an intellect that would arrange the human beings around him according to their qualities—by what they are rather than what they are called.
"As lamps upon a bridge at night Stretch on and on before the sight. Till the long vista endless seems."
From this mistaken judgment arises oppressions of each successive class by the one above it,—
But slowly the dawning of civilization breaks in upon the darkness, and man appears more and more in his true light. If the lower people had been appreciated in all ages, they might have developed slowly, under warming influences, instead of bursting forth in an unnatural and destructive growth.
There must be some remedy for this social evil, and that remedy is Christianity. Here there is a bond of union which removes the rudeness and uncouthness of nature, smooths away every roughness, and cultivates the heart and refines the manners. This golden chain of religion binds together the whole social fabric, causing the common sympathy of the members to predominate above the grounds of estrangement. Thus all are united into one grand brotherhood.
That from this equality springs the highest happiness of man, we acknowledge when we declare that moral law is the supreme law imposed upon man, for it requires the same of each of us, and thus in fulfilling it we are equal.
From the poorest and most despised of all the nations came forth in all his purity the greatest of law-givers. In his brightness all difference of station melts away, and man stands as man, and on the last day all will appear freed of their brands of debasement, and their title to honor will be judged by truth and right.
THE COLLEGE IDEAL.
--try to do too much or too many things; we are ever impatient for visible and solid results.
CONTEST ESSAY BY PERLEE R. BENNETT, OF THE OREAD SOCIETY.
[Only Authorized Version.]
In many American colleges, we try to build our roof before the walls are finished or to combine walls and roof in one incoherent mass. We work too hastily; we
The best thinkers declare that the danger of a republic lies in the ignorance of its
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THE COLLEGE IDEAL.
citizens. Unless we accept and practice the doctrines of Communism in its largest sense and to its fullest extent, it is evident that some men will always command and others always obey. Well and good; then let us see to it that those who rule shall command nothing against reason, that those who obey shall be led neither in fear nor in ignorance. Let the leadership be that of the best; and let it be the ambition of the College Ideal that the men whom it trains shall be the best,the best leaders,the best thinkers,the best and most broadly cultured men. Let us see how well our present system does this. Let us examine the American college and see wherein it differs from the College Ideal.
In the first place it seems to me that we begin to specialize all too early. We forget the tiresomeness of one-ideaed men, we forget that the well cultured man has all his faculties so trained that no one of them is unpleasantly prominent. True culture holds in equilibrium qualities of intellect, of manual skill, of reflection, of execution. "Culture is the harmony of a well-tuned mind and heart."
Some may object that the field of knowledge has become so wide, that the realm of thought has grown so vast that no mind can now comprehend it all, that Admirable Crichtons are now an impossibility. Very true, and I for one believe that they always were an impossibility. Human conditions and limitations are such that no man can be all things and know all things. But it is the business of the college—of the college, not of the University—so to train its pupils that they shall be alert and versatile in intellect, so that each, while he follows out his own peculiar bent, may not make that inclination a monomania.
The student who attempts to make special training a substitute for general culture, stunts and dwarfs some part of his intellect. One may find most intellectual pleasure in mathematics, but must he therefore neglect all things else and live in an atmosphere of circles and equations? Another may find delight in classics, but is he therefore to bury himself in dust heaps of antiquity, and lose all consciousness of the present? Another may see his best work
in sciences, but shall he therefore become such a walking catalogue of genera and species, such a volume of chemical formulae that he can neither understand nor appreciate:
"The surge and thunder of the Odyssey "
There will always be enough specialists. There will always be enough men who have forty words for one idea, who die lamenting that they have not devoted their lives to the dative case, who prefer measuring a butterfly's antennae to watching its flight through the summer air, who looking on a gorgeous evening sky will speculate on the chemical composition of the sun, who ask of the best poetry, "What is it worth?" These, like the poor, we have always with us.
Again, it may be objected that teaching of many things is teaching in vain. The pupil gets but a smattering; has no interest in many studies; it is so much time lost that had better be employed in forwarding his progress in the line of work to which his mind is especially adapted. But how are we to know what this line is? If every child came into this world with the occupation to which its inherited brain was especially adapted stamped upon its forehead, the work of the school master would be enormously simplified. But we have to do with human beings possessing a variety of mental characteristics, not with machines adapted and modeled to a special purpose. So that Dr. Arnold, held by many to be the model English schoolmaster, has wisely said: "It is so hard to begin anything in after life, and so comparatively easy to continue what has been begun, that I think we are bound to break ground, as it were, into several of the mines of knowledge with our pupils, that the first difficulties may be overcome by them whilst there is yet a power from without to aid their own faltering resolution, and that, so they may be enabled, if they will, to go on with the study hereafter."
Then all our American systems of education lay much stress on the practical and useful. Filled with an intense admiration for material success, many good and sober citizens will have it that no good can come out of the Nazareth of the classics. Mathematics are tolerated as in some vague way,
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"disciplining the mind," but in the main they believe that there is no God but the Useful, and Science is his prophet. The tendency to make our education commercial, to pass over the highest and grandest manifestations of human force, merely to teach the student some little art that will make his daily bread a little more abundant, seems to me a lowering of divine wisdom to the level of dollars and cents.
Matthew Arnold has defined true instructruction as teaching a man "to know himself and to know the world." The practical educationists would have us know the world only. Lead away by the eternal question of Daily Bread, they insist that the college shall teach the youth only that which will be useful to him in earning a living. Such education is time wasted, and is less than half-education. Take one upon which many spend much time—German. Ask most students of German for what they study it, and they will say: "Because it will be useful to me; I can command higher wages if I speak German." Not one in fifty studies it for the intellectual life to be found in German literature.
The boy of twelve or fourteen years possessing average intelligence and powers of imitation will acquire a better speaking knowledge by a residence of six months in a German community than by pursuing the entire course of this college. Out of the Senior classes of '81 and '82, numbering thirty-one, of whom twenty-one studied German, I find that just one speaks that language fluently and intelligibly. Yet German is, above all, a practical study.
These seekers of useful knowledge deride the classics, but speak respectfully of sciences. Far be it from me to disparage the work that Science has done, but yet I cannot see how, as a means of culture, its value is greater or even equal to that of the humanities. Science, in its restless and far-reaching search for knowledge, has piled up a hoard of information so vast that no one man's mind can grasp it all. In science, above all things, it is necessary to specialize. Yet, what will it avail me to know the scientific names of the indigenous plants of Douglas county? Is it of more importance to me to know how many species of birds there are in Kansas, or to recognize any one of them at sight, than to know what Plato thought on the highest and greatest subjects? Is it more interesting to observe the habits of cray-fishes than to inspire my own mind by the study of the grandest manifestations of human powers and deeds? That old, and hackneyed, and worn-out line hits its after all:
' The proper study of mankind is man.'
If, then, that instruction is unwise, that teaches too early specialization; if that instruction is false, that regards material success alone, and teaches only that which will bring in daily bread; if our system of education, while good in many respects, is yet so incomplete and deficient, what is the thing required; what is the ideal of education; what is the College Ideal? One of the clearest headed, best cultured thinkers of the day, Matthew Arnold, has said: "The aim and office of instruction, say many people, is to make a man a good citizen, or a good Christian, or a gentleman; or it is to fit him to get on in the world; or is it to enable him to do his duty in that state of life to which he is called. It is none of these, and the modern spirit more and more discerns that it is none of these. These are at best secondary and indirect aims of instruction; its prime direct aim is to enable a man to know himself and the world. Such knowledge is the only sure basis for action, and this basis it is the true aim and office of instruction to supply."
But when we question what is the best instruction for this end, we find ourselves at once in the midst of the battle between humanities and sciences. To know ourselves we must know what other men have done what have been the powers and deeds of the human spirit. To this end no study is so profitable as the humanities, Altherthumswissenschaft, the science of antiquity. Whoever seeks to know himself from a knowledge of the powers and deeds of the human spirit, can nowhere find more inspiration than in the study of the achievements of Greece in literature and the arts. And from the whole ancient world the student of the human spirit may learn lessons of the highest importance. The humanists have perceived this and in its truth lies the strength of their position.
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For this knowledge is an inspiring knowledge, and the study of the greatest manifestations of human activity stimulates and arouses our own activities. But on the other hand, knowledge of the world, of nature and of man as a part of universal nature is also a formative knowledge. This the realists have perceived, and herein lies the strength of their positions.
Every man is born with certain aptitudes by whose means he best attains to intellectual life. These are either by the study of man and his works, or by study of nature and her works. Men who are gifted with fitness for both are very rare. But all minds might do much in both ways if it were made the aim of instruction so to direct these aptitudes that their correlation, their equilibrium, be preserved. Thus it will become the business of instruction to leave its pupils in ignorance of no part of the domain of knowledge. Still, the field is so vast, and human power so limited; it is through so few aptitudes that each individual makes his way to intellectual life, that instruction must effectually develop these aptitudes, and by directing attention to a few points bring about a better comprehension of the whole. Leaving nothing in the dark, but throwing at last the strongest light upon a few points, instruction will, by strengthening and training the pupil's faculties through special aptitudes, enable him to enter into a comprehension of all knowledge leading to intellectual life.
But neither the humanists nor the realists like to confess any training good save their own. The former, pointing to their record in the past, declare that theirs is the ouly way. Then the realists, beholding the preliminary rummaging in philological dust-heaps that has hitherto been considered the necessary gateway to the study of the science of antiquity, have cried out against this waste of time and strength, and flying to the other extreme have declared that there is no good to be gained save in the study of the actual.
human freedom, and human force, while the study of the real, of sciences, is the study of human bondage and limitation. The study of the powers and deeds of the human spirit awakens within us a corresponding activity that can never be aroused by the study of the actual, of nature, in which man is but the small part of an enormous and uncomprehended system.
But so long as the realists persist in dividing the domain of knowledge, so long, it seems to me, do they leave the better part to their adversaries. For the study of hu manities, of letters and arts, is the study of
Thus, men trained in the humanities, but profoundly ignorant of natural science, have taken, and still take the chief place in human affairs, because their training has powerfully awakened the human force within them. But the humanists suffer, and the world's work suffers, from ignorance of the universe, of nature, and of man as a part of nature. In the enlarged domain of knowledge, the intellectual insufficiency of the humanities alone is becoming more and more apparent. In the nature of things, letters alone must surpass science alone in giving formative knowledge, but the necessities of life have become such that neither alone is now sufficient.
The College Ideal can spare neither of them, nor can it exalt one at the expense of the other. The College Ideal will avoid the unequal mental growth of specialization, will shun the merely commercial, will teach each and every one of its students to know himself and to know the world, that by force of culture he may be able to increase the general intelligence, the general happiness, the mental and moral welfare of the commonwealth.
What we need in this Republic is the College Ideal. Let every graduate, every student, each and every one of us here make it his earnest and enduring purpose to bring about the College Ideal, that those who come after us may have therein better training, better culture than we have had, that they may be able more largely than we to increase the mental and moral welfare of the commonwealth.
If we not only believe and feel this, but do it, we may run our course with satisfaction to ourselves and benefit to others, and at last go down peacefully to our rest, conscious that each one of us has fully merited that grand old Roman sentence: "This man HAS DESERVED WELL OF THE REPUBLIC."
EDITORIAL.
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UNIVERSITY COURIER.
A SEMI-MONTHLY PUBLICATION DEVOTED TO THE BEST INTERESTS OF
THE STUDENTS
THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS
EDITORS
PERLEE R. BENNETT, '86...Fortnight.
AGNES EMERY, '84...{ Literary.
H. T. GRAHAM, '86...
GLEN L. MILLER, '84...Editorial.
J. B. LIPPINCOTT, '85...{ Scientific.
G. M. WALKER, '85...
E. E. RITCHIE, '86...Views.
CHAS METCALFE, '84...Normal.
J. E. CURRY, '86...Swaps.
NETTIE BROWN, '86...Personal.
W. Y. MORGAN, '85...{ The Corridors
NETTIE HUEBARD, '85...
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Entered at Lawrence Post Once as
THE CONTEST.
We throw out several departments in this issue to make room for the contest productions of the literary societies. We print these articles for two reasons: First, they are good reading; second, they illustrate the character of student thought. They are practical; they are tersely written; they contain sound sense. We do not for a moment say they are free from criticism, but with a few exceptions they are articles of which the University, the students, and the writers may feel proud.
The entertainments of the literary societies have a splendid effect. Almost every society member is a candidate for honors, and a candidate must have a good record to be elected. Again, the representatives chosen feel compelled to put forth their best effort in behalf of their respective organizations.
The contest portion of the program is decidedly pernicious. The decision of the judges, whichever way the scales may turn in their estimation, by no means decides the relative merits of the societies. In the first place no two judges will decide alike, and in the second, the performers are sometimes far above and sometimes far below the average of the societies they represent. Every hearer will rely upon his own judgment anyway. If the decision of the referees was left out, each performer would stand on his own merits, the cries of "partiality" would be no longer heard and each society would obtain all the honor due it.
A SHAME.
The University has far less to fear just now from the attacks made on it from abroad, than from the treatment it is receiving at home. We refer to the relation of Lawrence to the students. The students do not ask the people here for financial help or social recognition; but they do demand, and have a right to demand, more and better accommodations in the way of board than they are now receiving. We spoke in pretty strong terms on this subject last year. Since that time the trouble has grown continually worse. We hear complaints from students every day, couched in no mild terms. Especially previous is the treatment of the University girls, there seeming to be a great prejudice in Lawrence to "lady boarders." Our boys would be better able to endure such procedure, but to ladies it is shameful. We know several students—the most refined, popular, and lady-like in the institution—who have been hunting for good places since the opening of the school, in the meantime being compelled to put up with indifferent fare in order to remain here at their studies.
One of two things must follow. The people of Lawrence must pay more respect to
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EDITORIAL.
the needs of students or the latter will leave. Four years ago board was plentiful and low in price. Since that time the price has risen seventy-five per cent. and now is obtained with difficulty.
We have seldom met a class of people more pleasant than those of Lawrence. Those who do receive boarders deserve many thanks. The trouble of which we speak is easily remedied, but a remedy there must be. Few persons in Lawrence are compelled by circumstances to take boarders, but they should do it as a favor, when paid a good profit on their actual outlay. The merchants should remember that the money left here by students amounts to over $100,- 000.00 annually, and that without this business would be much smaller. They should remember what efforts they used to get the University here. They should remember that only a year ago $100,000.00 of their indebtedness was assumed by the State and charged to the University. Lastly, they should remember that they are vitally interested in the University, and any neglect of its interests is their own loss.
A SOCIETY HOMILY.
The literary society is a peculiar institution. As war is a leveler of men, so the literary society is a leveler of students. In the society hall the Prep. can quiz the Senior to the utmost without being twitted in the least about his plebean position, and if the Senior can't answer or defend himself, as is often the case, he must take a seat on the lower step. Class distinctions are thrown aside. Good sense, quick wit and a ready tongue are the only passports to favor.
The literary society has some odd characters. We don't refer to the politicians who have been too often anathematised to appear odd to any one. First, there is the good-natured man whom everybody likes,
and who often gets in the presidential chair, not for his ability, but because no one has anything against him. In the chair he tries to please all, and as a result gets so muddled that he isn't sure of his own identity. Then there is the smart boy who has much to say on every thing that comes up. If nothing comes up, he brings it up. He owns the president, and the society, and the University; he poses himself, then gushes and spurts and slops over; occasionally boils; objects to any one else speaking; is always on the move, but never toward his seat. He isn't to be sat upon. The members often think what a Utopia they would have without his presence. But he is always there. Every society has him. Next comes the crowd who sit in the rear, whisper during performances and cheer vociferously after. The member who recites in tragedical style, and his opposite who never raises her voice above a lower monotone, are also there. O, yes! we had almost forgotten the parrot members—those who "second the motion." All these are the eccentric characters, the mighty minority. The majority of members do good work, and become ready, spicy and often eloquent off-hand speakers. The literary society cannot be over-valued. Every scholar should make room for it. The first duty of every student is to subscribe for his college paper—perhaps we are a little prejudiced in this—and the second is to join a literary society.
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THE CORRIDORS.
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THE CORRIDORS.
We
— Win !
Somebody
Badly crushed!
—Ta, ta, class officers!
Back studies must be made up immediately.
Chancellor Lippincott spent Sunday in Atchison.
-Miss Lina Gano came up to attend the contest.
'83, Miss Annie Murphy, was in town last Saturday.
Fred R. Jones has withdrawn from the University.
-'81, Pliny Soper, was in the city not long since.
-J. E. Shanafelt has lately enrolled at the K. S. U.
—George Mitchell has lately entered the Junior law class.
The Oreads are having their new constitution printed.
—Ask Jenks who tied the gate. But it was all (W)right.
-Miss Jennie Walker has gone to St. Louis to spend the holidays.
The Orophilians show their usual enterprise in buying a piano.
We have received many letters from students complimenting our number which contained the cut of the laboratory.
—Give us a rest with the quarreling and fighting so prevalent this fall. "Deacon says so too."
-If you want a neat fitting glove call at the Kansas Furnishing Goods Emporium.
-Sullivan is still correspondent of the Globe-Democrat, and don't you forget it.
—Ties, ties, ties of all kinds at the Kansas Furnishing Goods Emporium.
The next hop of the Gradatim Club will be held January 11.
The faculty changed the time of adjournment for vacation to Friday.
Where are the Juniors' plug-hats? Echo answers, "at Bromelsick's."
-Miss Mamie Woodvard, of Kansas City, has been visiting in the city for a short time.
—Prof. Green has so far improved that he was able to come up to the University Monday.
—'86, Miss Jeanie Edwards, has withdrawn from the University. She will return next year.
—Miss Allie Hersfield, of Topeka, has been visiting Miss Mattie Erb for a few days.
-'83, Prof. W. S. Whirlow, principal of the Tonganoxie schools, was in the city last week.
—'87, Miss Hattie Smith, has withdrawn from the University and returned to her home.
Fine plush scarfs at the Kansas Furnishing Goods Emporium.
—The mashers are bracing up in order to be in at the opening of the Indian School.
—Professor (in speaking of conception as a limit to probability): "For an illustration, can we concieve of a railroad to the moon?"
Irrepressible Senior: "Yes, of an Air Line."
158
THE CORRIDORS.
A. M.Brumback, a last year's student, has entered the Junior law class.
—'81, Miss Alice Peabody, has returned from an extended visit in the east.
—Miss Carlie Cockins will spend the holidays with friends in Iowa City.
If you want a fine silk or cashmere muffler call at the Kansas Furnishing Goods Emporium.
The faculty have granted Monday of Commencement week to the Alumni Association.
This gentleman has been engaged to conduct the Lawrence musical convention Jan. 2.3.4,5.
Archie Watson is the last worshipper at Wooglin's spring and wears the Beta pin.
-A stock company is being formed to catch Bennett, cage, and exhibit it to the wondering world.
The Normal lecture course attracts a number of students to their hall Friday afternoons.
Bennett will be with Field & Evans during the holidays. Presumably to open and shut the door.
A Senior whose initial is Leach has quit the skating rink and taken to sliding down the banisters.
Call and examine our fine seal skin caps at the Kansas Furnishing Goods Emporium, 103 Mass. street.
When the Oreads were talking of buying a piano it was Jenks who remarked, "we had better reorganize."
The Courier wishes you all the compliments of the season, a merry Christmas and happy New Year.
The largest and most complete line of neckwear and silk handkerchiefs in the city at the Kansas Furnishing Goods Emporium.
The Oread Society had better let up on its foolishness, or it will gain as bad a reputation as a Donnybrook Fair.
The Seniors are trying to get up a reputation for morality by inserting paid locals in the college papers. The Courier spurned their gold with contempt, and refused to endorse their claim to morality.
On the fourth of this month Rev. J. G. Dougherty gave a lecture before a large audience, on "We-uns and You-uns." He portrayed in glowing terms the effect of the exclusiveness which is constantly springing up between people who should be of a common brotherhood.
The civil engineers made quite an impression last week by their appearance with neat badges. They were designed by Albert Riffle, and reflect great credit upon his ability. The design is a penant, with "K. S.U." on it in black letters, and the gold monogram, "C.E.S.," as a pendant.
There was quite an excitement among the students last week over one of the workings of the "class officer system." An old rule of the faculty, which had been a dead letter ever since enacted, was put into effect without any notification. All unexcused absences for the month of November, without regard to class, standing, previous conduct, or extenuating circumstances, were reported home. The effect may easily be imagined upon those who did not understand the matter. Those students who were absent from a mere desire to escape recitations did not care, but those who did their work well and were unavoidably prevented from attending the lecture room, were deeply hurt. The matter was at once brought before the faculty and the matter fully discussed. This brought out other evils of the "class officer system," and it was abolished. A committee was appointed to draw a new scheme for the government of the institution.
THE CORRIDORS.
159
—Judge S. O. Thacher gove the story of his European travels to a large audience last Tuesday evening, under the title of "From Havre to Tangiers."
—No more Freshmen or Sophomore poetry will be received at this office. If you bring any more leave your measure for a coffin.
Another goak: A Soph. says that the way to be a successful politician is to know how to pull the wires, especially the barb wires.
Students are happy. The class officer system is abolished and Rushmer is selling jewelry lower than ever before heard of in Lawrence.
-It is unfortunate that New Year's Day comes so long before vacation closes, as many who would otherwise return to "call" will remain at home.
—A certain Freshman—we will not give his name—has recently bought one of Rushmer's solitaire diamond rings for his girl. Look out for the cards.
The money collected to buy a bell for the janitor to call the classes was devoted to buying a call bell to be presented to the successful society at the contest.
-It is reported that the Collegiate Dining Club intend buying a dozen silver napkin rings from Rushmer. The club is getting too aristocratic altogether.
—Have you a silk skull cap to attend the roller skating rink with? If you have not, call at the Kansas Furnishing Goods Emporium and purchase one at once. as we have only a few more left on hand.
Webster's Unabridged Illustrated. Viewed as a whole, we are confident that no other living language has a dictionary which so fully and faithfully sets forth its present condition as this last edition of Webster does that of our written and spoken English tongue.Harper's Magazine.
The cold weather promises lots of fun for the skaters. The rollers do not quite do.
A celebrated musical director from Chicago will hold a musical convention on the 2d, 3d, 4th, and 5th of January.
The roller skating craze continues with a large number of students attending, with a slight detriment, perhaps, to the studies.
The gentlemen will receive their lady friends on New Years day. They are already investing in silver cake baskets and card receivers at Rushmer's.
The Engineering Society will make an exhibit of the drawings of its members under the supervision of Prof. Marvin, at the State Teachers Association at Topeka.
-On account of business engagements, Hon. Roscoe Conkling was compelled to decline the invitation to address the literary societies during commencement week.
The I. C.s placed their mystic arrow on Miss Sue Miles last Saturday evening. A "grub supper" followed, and the event was duly celebrated in regular I. C. style.
Training in the Oratorio of Elijah has been under the direction of Prof.T.Martin Towne, and the result demonstrates his remarkable ability as a conductor. Whitewater Register, Wis.
Attend the musical convention and become acquainted with this genial,wholesouled musician.
Last Friday evening a young Freshman, who had just had an interview with a fair classmate, retired to his couch for a troubled sleep. His thoughts evidently wandered, as he soon arose and immediately took a bee line for Tennessee street. Fortunately he awoke before he was "as far as the gate" of the charmer. When you see Sh- (we nearly gave the boy away) ask him when he took the somnambulistic degree.
160
THE CORRIDORS.
—A Freshman brought down his history class last week by giving the reason why Mark Anthony chose the eastern provinces as his share of the Empire: "Because he was mashed on Cleopatra."
SPECIAL. We call the attention of all readers to the fact that the Courier publishes the only complete and authorized revision of the Oread contest essay. All others are mangled, unrevised and incomplete.
Next year the young ladies will have a chance to show what they can do. The boys will give them the field, and expect soon to hear of a young ladies' dancing club, and leap year parties galore.
—To "Anxious Inquirer."1st. No, haz ing is not allowed at the K. S. U.; 2nd. Freshmen are permitted to carry canes; 3d. Students dress stylishly, since they buy their furnishing goods of Bromelsick.
The appointments for Washington's birthday were made at the last meeting of the faculty. Glen Miller and Cora Pierson will represent the Seniors with orations; Miss Hubbard and S.M.Cook the Juniors with essays; Miss Jay the Sophomore class with a declamation, and C.S.Crane the Freshmen, also with a declamation. The program is excellent. and will make the day a grand success.
-A student bare-footed and without a coat was stopped the other night by one who took him for a somnambulist, but he was found to be on his way to Bromelsick's to get fitted out with those nobby new toilet articles just received.
During the last month the Orophilian Literary Society has been doing its usual good work, and although the members have been more or less disturbed by the coming contest, the programms have been very well rendered and have shown careful preparation. More attention has been given to the debates than for a great while heretofore. One question in particular—that in regard to the present jury system—was discussed by the law students which, from the way it was handled, and being handled by those who had had experience, was of unusual interest. The new quartette, consisting of Mesrs. Blair, Johnson, Leach and Muth, has been doing good work in the line of entertainment, and has added greatly to the many attractions of Orophilian. And the new pianocome and see it prettty sono.
The home contest of the Oratorical Association will be held on the evening of February 22nd. The orations to compete must be handed in before the first of February. Why can't we have the State contest at Lawrence? The city offers superior attractions and accommodations.
—The students were deeply pained to hear of the death of the Hon. D.C.Haskell. He has been a steadfast friend to our college and was very popular with all.
Prof. T. Martin Town has accomplished more in imparting instruction and inculcating a desire for, and to improve in good music, during the two weeks he has been with us, than a combination of all those who have preceded him. Wankeshea Freeman, Wis.
STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY Will find the largest stock of BOOTS AND SHOES
to select from in the city, including all leading styles,at prices that will pay you to visit the Family Shoe Store before buying elsewhere.
MASON'S
REPORT OF THE OREAD-OROPHILIAN CONTEST.
C. D. Dean-Orophilian, President of the evening Invocation, D. Howland.
ESSAYS.
P. R. Bennett, Oread-The College Ideal Mary Gilmore, Orophilian-The Humanity To Be.
MUSIC.
DEBATE.
Question: Resolved, that party fealty should outweigh considerations of character.
N. A. Swickard, Oread, affirmative.
W. T. Findley, Orophilian, negative.
MUSIC.
DECLAMATIONS.
Dot Mead, Orophilian—How they saved St. Michael.
Gertie Russ, Oread—The Kentucky Bell.
MUSIC.
ORATIONS.
W. Y. Morgan, Oread — The Color Line in America.
G. B. Watson, Orophilian—Labor.
"The owl, with all his feathers, was acold" Wednesday evening, but the annual society drew the usual large audience—not of owls by any means, but of the gayest possible birds.
Safely unknown, the reporter will make this notice entirely fair and unprejudiced. Mr. Bennett made an earnest and intelligible plea for a round and perfect education, in which he claims a high place for the classics. He uses words with remarkable insight. He utterly despises the man to whom "there is but one God—usefulness and science is its prophet." Mr. B. has done much in putting off his mannerisms, but still speaks too rapidly by fifty per cent. Mr. Bennett made a fine impression.
Miss Mary Gilmore is an ardent young Democrat, who can defend her position better than many a man who thinks her incapable of handling such things as politics. Miss Gilmore's clear voice and complete freedom from affection make it a pleasure to listen to her. Miss Gilmore made a fine impression.
In the debate, Mr. Swickard upheld party fealty against considerations of character, in as good a speech as one often hears all the good arguments, and, it must be feared, some sophistry. Mr. Swickard's self-possession makes one feel comfortable, but he is more melo-dramatic than necessary in a debate.
Miss Field sings truly, but her higher notes sadly lack firmness and clearness.
Mr. Findley went just far enough to show that he had the best argument, and broke down.
Miss Meade, of Council Grove, subjected that originally quite good poem, "How They Saved St. Michael's,' to one more worrying in the usual style of the professional reader. Miss Meade is not to blame for this style; she did it as well as the best. Miss Meade was very lovely. Miss Russ brought a like retribution on "Kentucky Belle," though somewhat more of naturalness came to the surface. Miss R. made one or two slips on words. Miss Russ was very lovely. Dr. Patterson's songs and Miss Davis' piano playing were enjoyable as the work of artists.
The orations by W. Y. Morgan and G. B. Watson are explained by their subjects: "The Color Line in the United States."— "Labor." The reporter is a veteran contest-goer, and he honestly and gladly witnesses that these were throughout the two best orations he ever heard on such an occasion. There was noticeable in both two great an emphasis on unimportant words. Mr. Morgan was admired by every one. Mr. Watson was admired by every one.
Tne revised Amphion Quartette did itself proud.
The decision of the judges was :
OREAD — Ninety and fifty-one-sixtieths per cent.
OROPHILIAN-Ninety and eleven-sixtieths per cent.
THE CONTEST.
We went to the contest last night,
We didn't get home till daylight. We went on a tear That made the "cops," swear,
And discounted the Sullivan fight.
The Oreads glorious
Were very uproarous,
And then they, victorious,
Loud shouted in "chorius,"
"The Orophilian,
Is now completely busted;
We bang the loud tin pan,
That we their jackets dusted.
And now we think they'd go,
To the LAWRENCE BUSINESS COLLEGE,
Where they can get, we know,
Some very useful knowledge.
There penmanship they'll learn,
And to draw both checks and orders,
And of mighty sales they burn
To be excellent recorders.
They wish to earn a living,
So they days and nights are giving
To gain some useful knowledge
At the LAWRENCE BUSINESS COLLEGE.
Then let us now commend
Unto these Orophil——
Our poet is now under the hands of four physicians. Scarcely any hopes are entertained of his recovery.A mob of Or-ph-l-ns entered the office and left the poet a total wreck. But we commend the Lawrence Business College to the patronage of all students.
BUSINESS MANAGERS.
THE CONTEST.
We went to the contest last night,
We didn't get home till daylight.
We went on a tear
That made the "cops," swear,
And discounted the Sullivan fight.
The Oreads glorious
Were very uproarous,
And then they, victorious,
Loud shouted in "chorius,"
"The Orophilian,
Is now completely busted;
We bang the loud tin pan,
That we their jackets dusted.
And now we think they'd go,
To the LAWRENCE BUSINESS COLLEGE,
Where they can get, we know,
Some very useful knowledge.
There penmanship they'll learn,
And to draw both checks and orders,
And of mighty sales they burn
To be excellent recorders.
They wish to earn a living,
So they days and nights are giving
To gain some useful knowledge
At the LAWRENCE BUSINESS COLLEGE.
Then let us now commend
Unto these Orophil——
Our poet is now under the hands of four physicians. Scarcely any hopes are entertained of his recovery. A mob of Or-ph-l-ns entered the office and left the poet a total wreck. But we commend the Lawrence Business College to the patronage of all students.
BUSINESS MANAGERS.
NIVERSITY
CONTENTS
Fortnight...PAGE 161
Elegiacs...163
The Educational Power of Fiction...163
Song to a Rose...167
Editorial...168
Views...170
Normal...171
Scientific...172
Swaps...174
Personal...175
Local...176
H. A. CUTLER, PRINTER, LAWRENCE, KANSAS
For Nobby HATS and TIES go to NEWMARK'S.
FIELD & EVANS,
(Successors to S. T. FIELD.)
Bookseller and Stationer,
99 Massachusetts Street.
Would respectfully call the attention of STUDENTS to his very large and complete stock of
UNIVERSITY TEXT BOOKS
STATIONERY SUPPLIES.
AND ARTISTS' MATERIALS.
Which he offers at the lowest living prices. The paper for the COURIER is furnished by FIELD & EVANS.
A B F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
DR. GILLESPIE The Painless Dentist By the use of "Vitalized Air."
"Vitalized Air" is composed of the life giving elements of atmospheric air, viz: Nitrogen and Oxygen and is generated by forcing "Nitrous Oxide' through two hundred pounds of water which is contained in this apparatus, and the element of Hydrogen contained therein absorbs all its deleterious properties. Thus accumulates in a vacuum above the water the "Vitalized Air," which numbs the nerves of feeling and produces a harmless trancient local anaesthetic, and agrees with all constitutions. It is acknowledged by eminent scientists to be the only safe and harmless agent of an anaesthetic nature known. From one to thirty-two teeth can be extracted at one sitting, and in three minutes thereafter the patient cannot tell by its effects that they have taken anything. So far superior is it to gas, chloroform, or ether. It is endorsed by physicians and patients to be "The one thing needful."
Please can at rooms and see for yourself. All are welcome. Natural teeth saved, cleaned and filled in the most excellent manner. Fine gold filling a specialty. Artificial teeth inserted on all the different bases now in use by the profession, in the most scientific manner. All work strictly warranted, and charges as reasonable as first-class work will permit. Remember I have the only "Vitalized Air" Hurd apparatus in the state.
J. B. GILLESPIE, Painless Dentist, No. 9 Massachusetts St., Strong's New Block, North National Bank LAWRENCE, KANSAS.