NATION AND WORLD
University Daily Kansan, October 15, 1984
Page 10
Nobel winners to be unveiled
By United Press International
STOCKHOLM, Sweden — With the only prize awarded so far already stirring controversy, the Nobel prizes to be given out this week appear certain to produce more surprises.
The medicine award will be given today, the peace prize tomorrow, physics and chemistry Wednesday and economics Thursday. The prizes, each worth about $190.00, a gold medal and measureless prestige from the prize committees, were established by the will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel.
This year's Nobel laureate in literature was characteristically unexpected (Zecholsovka vajdelje national jar Pavel Jeslavev, N83.
SPECULATION ABOUT THE peace prize winner—the other top award of general interest centered on black South African Bishops and the leader of South Africa Church Council. There are 89 nominees.
Awarded in Oslo, where Tutu spoke last March against South Africa's aparthied system, the prize frequently goes to promoters of peace acting in the midst of current violence
Since the first prizes in 1901, the United States leads Britain and Germany in the number of science laureates. They are nearly even in chemistry, with Americans well ahead in medicine, physics and economics 12 of each category. And the natural science prize committee members note that better U.S. research facilities draw many foreigners.
ECONOMICS JUDGE Ragnar Bentzel attributes the trend to first-rate U.S. universities that "gather the pre-eminent scholars from all over the world and offer them not only good money and
superior resources, but a stimulating working environment."
The award money piled up from Nobel's 1895 grant reached a record 1.65 million Swedish kronor this year. But the U.S. dollar's value makes each prize worth more than the $200,000 of recent years.
Nobel, the inventor of dynamite,
supposedly set up the awards
because of newspaper depictions
of his brother, who dealt in
dynamite, as a warmonger. Nobel
promptly altered his will to
establish prizes for "those who,
during the preceding year, shall
have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind."
THE CHOICE WAS assigned to Swedish academies and institutes for the literature, medicine, physics and chemistry prizes. Selection of the peace prize was assigned to the parliament of Norway, then unified with Sweden. The economics prize was added in 1969.
Last year, physicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, 73, won the Nobel in physics for discovering the astronomical phenomenon of holes and white holes using ocean cruise ball a century earlier.
"Most candidates who win the prize have been under scrutiny for several years," said Sven Johanson, a physics judge. "Unfortunately, it usually takes a number of years before can be certain of what happens to be even the most exciting discoveries."
MANY OTHER POTENTIAL winners are simply overlooked.
"During these past 83 years, the award of the Nobel Prize in Literature has scored more misses than most authors ever said recently. He said the prizes passed over the majority of the greatest novelists and poets.
The Swedish Academy shrugged off the charge.
British bombing may be first of many
By United Press International
BRIGHTON, England — Police investigating the bomb attack on Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher warned yesterday that the blast might signal an increased IRA campaign of terror on the British mainland.
Thatcher, spending the weekend at her country residence, attended mass at the medieval St. Peter and Paul Church amid unprecedented security and reports that she has been at the top of the Irish Republic Army hit list for three years.
'THE DECISION TO place Mrs. Thatcher at no. 1 on the IRA death list was taken in the wake of the
death of Bobby Sands and the other eight hunger strikers" in 1981, the Sunday Press of Dublin quoted IRA sources as saying. The IRA is fighting to end British control of Northern Ireland.
Sands and the others were inmates in Maze Prison and went on a hunger strike to try to win status as political prisoners rather than common prisoners.
Officers in the seaside resort of Brighton denied there was a major security breakdown in the Friday bomb blast that ripped open the upper floors of the hotel housing Thatcher and the British Cabinet.
Four people, including a Conservative Party member of Parliament.
were killed and 32 people were injured.
FIREMEN CLEARING THE debris of the Grand Hotel found the body of the fourth victim, Jeanne Tolbert, a French-born Party chairman of west England.
"We can't discount the fact that some (of the bombers) may have remained to carry on what they've started," Anti-Terrorist Squad Commander William Huckleshay said "Following this incident it's essential that everybody note the danger and be alerted accordingly."
Hucklesby said it would be "silly" to assume the bombing that just missed killing Thatcher was an isolated, one-shot attempt.
The Sunday Press said the bombing boosted morale among supporters of the outlawed IRA and will spark demand for new actions in London's rule in northern Ireland.
POLICE ANNOUNCED THAT a man detained in Liverpool and rushed to Brighton Saturday for questioning had been ruled out as having any connection with the bombing.
Roger Birch, the chief constable of Sussex County which includes Brighton, dismissed a report in the Sunday Times that an intelligence warning of an imminent IRA attack went unheeded.
Police also dismissed a newspaper report that Col. Moammar Khadiay libya was involved in the attack
Casualty in Gulf tanker war may explode
By United Press International
ABU DHABI, United Arab Emirates — Firefighters yesterday extinguished a blaze aboard the first gas tanker in the Persian Gulf tanker war between Iran and Iraq, but shipping officials said they still feared the vessel might explode.
The 29,451-ton Gas Fountain was hit by Iranian missiles Friday and was towed toward the United Arab Emirates port city of Dubai after
tugboats put out the fire earlier yesterday, salvage officials said.
A SPOKESMAN for the Athes-
based owner of the vessel, the Naftomar Shipping and Trading Co. said gas vapor was leaking from the damaged tanks filled with liquefied butane and propane gas.
"The situation is critical," the spokesman said. "The vapor could be the cause for a series of explosions."
A spokesman for the Dutch salvage company Smif International said, "Gas Fountain is expected in Dubai
tomorrow, but will stay at a safe distance offshore 1 to 10 miles due to continued risk of explosion
The spokesman said none of the 33 crewmembers was aboard the vessel to operate its cooling system, which normally would keep the cargo of 19,500 tons of gas cooled well below 0 degrees Fahrenheit.
SHIPPERS SAID THE vessel was on its way to Qatar to take on an additional cargo of 6,000 tons of butane after loading its main ship
ment at Ras Tannura, a Saudi Arabian port.
Gas Fountain was the third tanker hit in the tanker war in less than a week. Observers say more than 10 tankers and commercial vessels were damaged by both countries this year.
Iran denied attacking the ship, but shipping officials said the attack had the marks of an Iranian strike.
China set for capitalist reforms, uncertainty
THE GAS FOUNTAIN was hit in the central Gulf in a neutral zone.
By United Press International
PEKING — China's leaders are preparing to unleash potentially explosive capitalist reforms, decentralizing economic power to an extent never seen before in the communist nation's 35-year history.
The reforms, outlined in a State Planning Commission document now circulating among 4,000 highranking Chinese leaders, are to be debated at a crucial Communist Party session this week in Peking.
Western diplomats said the changes would take, effect Jan. 1.
The new policies are designed to boost productivity and efficiency, especially in industry, where last year 15 percent of all factories lost money and had to be bailed out by the government.
THE REFORMS AM to scrap rigid state controls and rely on market forces, a major departure by Peking from the central planning systems of the Soviet Union and many other communist states.
will be left to individual farms and factories.
Pricing, production and marketing
The most sensitive of the reforms — the radical dismantling of China's intricate network of price controls — threatens to generate a wave of inflation and urban unrest, diplomats said.
"It is a political bombshell, because in the short run there will be losers as well as winners," said one expert. "The real danger is inflation, where we'd see the standard of living shrink. It's a politically explosive prospect."
THE DIPLOMATS ANTICIPATE little open opposition to the document, already sanctioned by China a powerful State Council
According to the document, the state would free the prices of half of all industrial and agricultural goods controlled by the state to fluctuate with market demand.
The reforms will also broaden the managerial autonomy of industry bosses and farmers in areas such as marketing, hiring, firing, and setting up bonus incentive systems.
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