Tuesday, October 10, 2000 The University Daily Kansan Section A · Page 5 Three win Nobel in medicine The Associated Press Two Americans and a Swede won the Nobel Prize in medicine yesterday for discoveries about how brain cells communicate — research that laid the groundwork for Prozac and other drugs for depression and Parkinson's disease. Arvid Carlsson, Paul Greengard and Eric Kandel will share the $915,000 prize for pioneering work that could lead to new treatments for schizophrenia. Alzheimer's disease, addiction and other mental disorders. "The payoffs are potentially enormous." said Dr. Stephen Hyman, director of the National Institute of Mental Health. Carlsson, 77, is with the University of Goteborg in Sweden. Greengard, 74, is with Rockefeller University in New York, and Kandel, 70, is an Austrian-born U.S. citizen at Columbia University in New York. They illuminated a key type of communication — called "slow synaptic transmission" — in which chemical messengers carry signals from one brain cell to another. The work has been crucial for understanding how the brain works and how diseases can arise when the system goes wrong. The three winners worked largely independently. Carlsson was honored for work in the late 1950s that showed a substance called dopamine was a key messenger between brain cells. He realized the implication for Parkinson's disease, which later was shown to result from a dopamine deficiency in part of the brain. Greengard was honored for showing how brain cells reacted to the arrival of dopamine and other chemical messengers. ON THE NET Nobel Prize site: http://www.nobel.se Kandel's work focused on the biology of learning and memory. It demonstrated that changes at synapses — the places where chemical messengers pass between brain cells — were crucial in forming memories. The winners of the prizes for physics and chemistry will be announced today, with the economics prize tomorrow and the peace prize Friday. No date has been set for the literature prize. The awards will presented Sunday, Dec. 10, the anniversary of Alfred Nobel's death in 1896. The Swedish industrialist and inventor of dynamite established the prizes in his will. RAMALLA, West Bank — Amid the violence that has swept the West Bank and Gaza Strip, many Palestinians are expressing bitterness toward the United States — sentiments that could complicate the American bid to broker a Mideast peace. Israel is the primary target of Palestinian fury about the clashes that have left dozens dead, most of them Palestinians. But the United States, as Israel's closest ally, is seen by many Palestinianians as bearing a share of responsibility for the methods Israel has used to try to quell the violence. The Associated Press Israel has said its tactics were necessary. Israeli officials point out that Israeli military outposts have come under attack from enormous mobs, and that Palestinian gunmen sometimes use rock-throwing rioters as cover. A sign placed on the statue in front of Lippincott Hall encourages freshmen students to vote for the campus *Stars* for the Freshman Board of Class Officers. University policy allows such signs to be posted only on designated bulletin boards. Photo by Aaron Lindberg/KANSAN Campaign volunteers Surveys omit prostitution The Associated Press WASHINGTON — For years scientists have been puzzled about why surveys show that the overall population of men has more sex partners than does the women's population. It should come out even. "Each new partner for a man is also a new partner for a woman," said Devon D. Brewer of the University of Washington. "So, in reality, it must be equal — by definition." The General Social Surveys, conducted by the University of Chicago, and the National Health and Social Life Survey, financed by private foundations, found that men were claiming up to 74 percent more partners than women. Brewer said social scientists suggested one of two basic problems — survey subjects were lying, or there was some fundamental flaw in the way the data was being collected. Clashes blamed on U.S. But a study Brewer co-authored in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, which appears today, says the biggest cause of the discrepancy is that the surveys ignored the professionals. Brewer said the national surveys sought answers from people who lived in "households" and left out dwellings where prostitutes were more apt to be. To find people in the households, the surveyors rang doorbells during times when most prostitutes are working. Brewer said. From Brewer's studies, it was found that there are about 23 prostitutes for every 100,000 people in American, and the average prostitute had 694 male partners a year. Now they think they have the answer. The surveys didn't measure the activity of prostitutes. Set - Sun Daily 1 Bring It On RC (1:50) 4:20 7:15, 9:45 2 Urban Legends Final Cut RC (1:55) 5:00 7:35, 9:55 3 The Watcher RC (1:50) 4:30, 7:35, 10:10 4 Meet The Parents RC (1:45) 4:50, 7:30, 10:00 5 Almost Famous RC (1:45) 4:00, 7:30, 10:40 6 Remember the Tians RC (1:05) 4:15, 7:05, 9:45 7 Meet The Parents RC (1:15) 4:05, 7:00, 9:30 8 Get Carter RC (1:35) 4:25, 7:50, 9:50 9 Digimon: The Movie RC (2:00) 4:25, 7:10, 9:20 10 What Lies Beneath RC (1:10) 4:10, 7:10, 10:00 11 Nurse Betty RC (1:25) 4:35, 7:05, 9:55 12 Almost Famous RC (1:40) 4:40, 7:30, 10:10 233 Sat & Sun Daily 1 The Original Kings of Comedy (1:55) 4:40 7:00 9:35 2 Woman On Top™ (2:00) 4:45 7:10 9:40 3 Bait™ (1:45) 4:30 7:00 9:30 4 Duets™ (1:45) 4:30 7:05 9:30 5 The Cell™ (1:55) 4:35 7:10 9:40 6 Space CowboysPG (1:50) 4:40 8:00 — - NO OVERFILM *PASSS & SUPERSAVERS SHOW TIMES ON TODAY ONLY. The University of Kansas The University Theatre opens its 2000 - 2001 season with a major theatrical event GET IN SHAPE! STAY IN SHAPE! 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