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Thursday, March 20, 1975
University Daily Kansan
KANSAN
Editorials, columns and letters published on this page reflect only the opinions of the writers.
1-man war staged
In recent days one Lawrence citizen has been trying to run another Lawrence citizen out of town. And he seems to be succeeding.
Wes Santee, a local insurance man and officer in the Marine Corps Reserve, is waging a campaign to have Jim York, an Army deserter taking part in President Ford's amnesty program, fired from a city job.
York, who returned to the United States last December, said he had been thinking of leaving Lawrence since Santee and others had begun working to get York fired.
York's job isn't some cushy executive position drawing $20,000 a year. He makes $2.69 an hour as a laborer for the parks department. That amounts to the huge sum of $107.60 a week, before taxes.
But Santee is determined to get that job away from York. Santee says York is "cheating someone out of a job." Santee said there were several veterans, who could have been hired instead of York.
At last week's city commission meeting, Santee presented his proposal to fire York before a room-only crowd of about 100 people.
The city commission, in a wise and fair decision, told Tantee the matter was a staff decision and that it would fire York. Mr. Manager had insisted that the clerk had acted properly and that York hadn't received special treatment.
York was hired under a federally funded job program. Santee says he thinks York might not qualify for the federal program. He says the Kansas Selective Service Board has the responsibility of finding jobs for persons in President Ford's amnesty program.
But the director of the Kansas Selective Service, Junior Elder, says many people in the amnesty
program have sought their own jobs. Elder said the service didn't have a job waiting for York.
OF Wes didn't get his way with the city. So he's trying to go over the city's aim to achieve his aim of coming a guy from a $100-a-week job.
Santee met with Labor Department officials in Washington and with regional federal labor officials in Kansas City, Mo. The regional referral referred the matter to the Manpower Planning Council in Topeka.
Obviously, Santee is still fighting a war most of us left behind two and a half years ago. Santee seems to think he is the guardian of the purity of the city's work force. After all, we don't want any man in our deserts working in an important spot in city government, do we?
If York sleeps on the job, shows up late for work day after day and refuses to obey his boss, then he should be fired. But until such an occurrence should use it, the man issuer would obey his job, not be incarcerated because he opposed a war most people came to realize was wrong.
Santee is a big, tough Marine. York is a deserter. Santee is concerned with the city's personnel. York is concerned with minding his own business. Santee has contacts in government, money to pressure officials and a big growth plan. Santee is making $107 a week as part of the conditions of an amnesty declared by the President of the United States.
York is awaiting the ruling from the Manpower Planning Council. If he is fired, he'll leave Lawrence and Santee will have gotten his way.
But who is the brave man and who is the coward? Jim York has no reason to feel ashamed. I don't think the same can be said for Wes Santee.
—By Craig Stock
ERA losing battles
It hasn't been a very good year for the possible enactment of the controversial Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). The measure to eliminate sex discrimination has been defeated this year by the Oklahoma, Arizona, Nevada, Georgia and Utah legislatures.
To exacerbate the ERA supporters' attempt to get the required approval of three-fourths of the states, bills have been introduced in the Texas and New Mexico legislatures to rescind their ratifications of the ERA. Tennessee and Nebraska have already voted to rescind their previous ratification of ERA.
vened in January. Intended to direct the Mormon state legislatures to vote against ERA, the church's leadership added that ERA wouldn't survive in Utah.
The Church News editorial stated: "Over a period of many decades women have been accorded special protection and the status properly due them. More recently, these include equality of opportunity in political, civil and economic spheres. But all of this will not be the fact that women are different, made so by a Divine Creator. Each has his or her role. One is incomplete without the other."
The Mormon Church, conservative women's groups and other ERA opponents should make it difficult for the equal rights to receive the proper status of the 38 states necessary for it to become the 27th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. And the battle goes on.
Stephen Buser
Grit and wit mark Udall
Editor's Note: This is the second in a series of analyses of potential and announced candidates for the Presidency in
By PAULA JOLLY
BY PACEA JOEL
Kansan Staff Reporter
Kaisai Saff Sarif, aCan 6-feet-5, jokelierborn become the president of the United States? Rep. Morris K. "M" Odal, D-Ariz, seems to think so. Udall, 52, has been campaigning for the Democratic presidential nomination since May 1974. If he succeeds, he could move to go straight to the presidency since James A. Garfield, who did this in 1880.
Udall was born on June 15, 1922, to Levi and Luise Udall in St. John's, Ariz., a small set of buildings called grandfather's a Mormon pioneer. St. John's had no electricity or indoor plumbing. Nothing was wasted, and he was able to cording to Udall, this background made him aware of the environment and conservation, an awareness of his work in the house today.
ATG AXIS Udall injured his eye in a knife accident, and because a doctor at St. John's didn't treat the injury properly, Udall lost the eye. Nevertheless, he went on to serve in World War II and to play professional basketball for a year with the new defunct Denver Nuggets.
After receiving his law degree from the University of Arizona, Udall became the county attorney for Pima County, which includes Tucson. In 1954 his brother, Stewart Udall, was elected to the county legislature, and when he left in 1981 to become John F. Kennedy's Secretary of the Interior, Mo Udall ran for the vacated seat and won. He's been there ever since.
In 1949 Udall married his first wife and had three sons and three daughters. In 1966 the marriage ended. Three years later he married Ela Royston, his current wife.
ONE OF Udall's most noticeable characteristics, besides his height, is his sense of humor. He book full of jokes and stories he has collected for 25 years, and his liberal use of these stories has caused many people to hate him. Abraham Lincoln, men Udall
admires for their conscious political usage of the storytelling technique. Udall's sense of humor sometimes takes a turn toward the surreal. He referred to a man who was in charge of a social function as the "massacre of ceremonies." Udall is well known in Congress for his stands on the environment, campaign reform and reform of the Congressional senatory system twice, first by challenging the system twice, first by chlamming House Speaker John W. McCormack in 1969, and later by running against the late Hale Bogs, D-La., for the position of major leader. Although he lost both contests, his challenges did lead to
UDALL HAS c券ponsed many environmental bills, including several that have set aside certain land as wilderness, to be included in the National Wilderness Preservation System. He has c券ponSED several bills dealing with the protection of the national policy on the nation's beach resources as well as a bill dealing with strip mining. As a result, Udall was named Legislator of the Year" by the National Wildlife Federation in 1973.
Never one to back down on controversial issues, Udall led a small group of representatives in 1967 who interviewed the Adam Clayton action against him. Clayton as unfair to the people who elected him.
In the 89th Congress he was the Democratic Study Group floor whip on the Civil Rights Act, the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, Medical legislation, earning him the ire of the John Birch Society and other conservative groups.
UDALL WAS also one of the first Congressmen to speak out against the Vietnam war, even though in doing so he could have saved the life of his mother's position as Lyndon Johnson's secretary of the interior.
delegates are to be divided proportionately among the candidates, depending on the number of votes received by each.
Within the Democratic party, Udall's chances of winning the presidential nomination have been weak. With the withdrawal of Sen. Edward Kennedy, D-Mass., as a presidential contender and the elimination of winner-take-all state primaries in which all of a certain number of candidates with the largest number of votes. Now, star*
Udall's involvement with environmental and energy issues is a definite plus in the race for the presidency, judging from the current uncertainty over the right way to handle the
energy crisis and related issues. Udall has said the country needs leaders who promise less light, better lighting, throwaway gadgets and other extravagances. At the same time he has called for a national energy policy that provides native energy sources, such as solar and geothermal sources.
It's possible that no one could come to the 1976 Democratic convention with enough delegates to win on the first ballot. Udall thinks that in the search for a compromise candidate he could be the winner because he's a fresh face.
ALONG WITH all this, Uda
has still maintained that there
should be no major retreat from
grounds to clean air and water.
Another plus for Udall is the presidential campaign financing law he co-sponsored, which has been criticized by Udall's financial position. The
law requires that the federal government pay for part of a presidential candidate's campaign expenses, making it easier for ninnionlairees like Udall to run.
GODFATHER III
THE FACT THAT Udall is a member of the House could actually become a plus if the 435 House members were to support one of their own for president. Many representatives publicly given to senators and would like to see a representative seriously considered for the presidency.
Some things about Udall could be either good or bad for his campaign. His pro-civil war record, Birchers hate him, but it makes him the nearly beloved of many liberals. Similarly, the fact that he is a Mormon, although an inactive one, may work two years longer than he has a reputation as hard workers can't hurt him, Udall has said, while the fact that Mormons believe in white superiority can, even though he isn't sure he disagrees with this belief.
On the minus side, Udall is still relatively unknown. Even though he started his campaign early in order to get maximum national exposure, his name isn't yet a household word.
In addition, organized labor isn't wild about him because he voted for the right-to-work law, and some party officials may be against him because he pushed for campaign reform.
The fact that Udall has been divorced once could make some people wonder how she supported him. However, some party members weren't too sure about supporting the Catholic Church and look at what happened to him.
Udall, when asked if the divorce issue would come up against him in a presidential campaign, answered with his usual wry sense of humor that he didn't think Betty Ford or Happy Rockefeller would bring it up.
It's hard to tell what's ahead for Morris Udall in his race for president. He's got a sound legislative record, especially in environmental issues, he's not afraid to stick his neck out on some sticky subjects and he's of enough rougher humor to make even the touchy situations seem easy. With the way things are going, he may just laugh all the way to the White House.
Bills proposed to ban spray cans
Cans that go psst might be pfft.
By PATWATKINS
Two bills that would ban aerosol spray pans, pending the outcome of several scientific studies, have been introduced in Congress this session. One of the bills would go further and limit the use of refrigerator coolants.
The bills are the result of concern that fluorocarbons, a man-made chemical, are destroying the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere. Fluorocarbons are used as sealants in epoxy coatings in refrigerators and air conditioners and in the production of foam rubber for cushions.
The ozone layer, which is at its greatest density from 15 to 25 miles up, prevents certain chemicals from reaching earth. Scientists say that if enough ultraviolet light reached the earth it could change climate patterns in areas where human cancer cases or even kill all life.
In the same hearings before the Public Health and Environment Subcommittee, Lester Machta, director of the Air Resources Laboratories of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, said, "I understand that United States increased about 3 5 percent between 1962 and 1970, but ozone has fallen about to 2 per cent between 1970 and 1973."
"ONE PER CENT decrease in ozone would cause a 2 per cent increase in ultraviolet and a 2 per cent increase in the number of shaded areas," said T. M. Donahue in Congressional hearings on the bills. He estimated that such a situation would cause 40 more deaths and, 1,200 new skin cancer cases every year. Donahue is the chairman of the National Science Department at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
"I would point out that the few stations with long records show that total ozone content is highly variable from day to day, from season to season and from year to year," he said.
Machta said those figures didn't prove the destruction of ozone, however.
ONE OF THE BILLS, sponsored by Reps. Paul G. Rogers, D.Fla., and Marvin L. Mich., calls, a study of water, their possible effects on ozone in the atmosphere, if the fluorocarbons were found to destroy too much ozone for safety, they make it better to make or sell these cans that had fluorocarbon propellants.
The other bill was introduced in the house by Rep. Les Aspin, D-Wis. It would not only ban
fluorocarbon aerosols but it would also limit the use of fluorocarbons as coolants.
One such coolant is called Freon by its trade name.
The coolants are normally contained in a closed cooling system but they escape after the system has been thrown away.
Peter Hierl, associate professor of chemistry, said in an interview that fluorocarbons present a very serious problem.
Hierl said he thought that if we weren't in a society of vested interests, fluorocarbons would be banned outright because of their potential effect on the ozone.
THERE IS a natural means for the production and destruction of ozone that maintains an equilibrium in the atmosphere, Hierl said, but fluorocarbon, to produce a new kind of destruction which could unbalance the ozone equilibrium.
Because the fluorocarbons are lighter than air they circulate with the winds until they reach the upper atmosphere. In the upper atmosphere they absorb ultraviolet light to form chlorine atoms. They destroy the ozone in the process.
F. S. Rowland, professor of chemistry at the University of California, Irvine, first brought the fluorocarbon controversy to public attention. In the scientific journal, Nature, June 28, 1974, he reported that the chlorine atoms created by the reaction resulted in producing chlorine and destroying ozone two or three more times, in a type of chain reaction.
Because of that chain reaction, Rowland estimated that the ozone-destructive chlorine now in the air would increase from 10 to 30 times its present amount.
Rowland also reported that the atmospheric lifetime of the fluorocarbon between 40 and 80 years, the measure of the effect of
fluorocarbons would take decades.
Both Rowland and Hierl said that more research needed to be done. The reaction of fluorocarbons to ozone has been tested in laboratories but not in the upper atmosphere.
SINCE THE FULL effect of the fluorocarbons won't be felt for at least 40 years and since the consequences of the destruction of the ozone are so severe, I argue that it is imperative to restrict the use of fluorocarbons as soon as possible.
Also, other chemicals such as tetrachloride, salt and industrial chlorine, may contribute as much, if not more, ozone-destructive chlorite to atmosphere as fluorocarbons.
Hier1 said three questions that needed to be answered before scientists could know the true effects of fluorocarbons were 1. The rate of ozone destruction by fluorocarbons would throw off the ozone equilibrium. 2. He had used carbon dioxide in the upper atmosphere. 3. How much fluorocarbon is in the atmosphere now.
OPONENTS OF the bills have weighed these uncertainties with the technical usefulness of fluorocarbons to argue against passage of the bills.
"The principal advantages of
the fluorocarbons are non-flammability, chemical inertness, and a low degree of toxicity. Extensive testing through the years has developed no evidence that these compounds pose an environmental hazard to man, plant or animal."
That quote is from the February, 1975, Du Pont Management Bulletin. It went on to sav:
"Fluorocarbons provide essential and real benefits to users and restrictive measures in the broad economic consequences."
The Bulletin said industries directly dependent on fluorocarbons would contribute nearly $8 billion to the economy this year. Also these operations will employ over 200,000 people.
ONE ANSWER to the problem is to use substitutes for fluorocarbons. Hierl said he could find another chemical to could find another chemical to be used as an aerosol propellant. If nothing else, aerosol products could be stored in a freeze bottles or pump spray cans.
Michael McElroy, professor of atmospheric science at Harvard University, said in the hearings on the bills, "if we stop five years, the damage to ozone won't be irreparable."
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