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Tuesday, December 10, 1974
University Daily Kansan
THE UNIVERSITY DAILY KANSAN
SPECIAL FOCUS
Tense Mideast situation may explode in new war
MUSICIN
© 2014 Chicago Sun-Times
Throughout the years, the Middle East has proved itself a quagmire of crisis and confusion. This year was no exception. The Middle East is once again emerge into the fifth, into perhaps final, Arab-Israeli War.
Kippur War. Kissinger also laid groundwork for reopening the Suez Canal and arranged a United Nations mandate for a buffer zone, patrolled by U.N. forces between the warring nations.
But this step-by-step approach toward a "peace without victory" settlement in the
The Arab Summit Conference
By a simple vote, Arab leaders at the Rabat summit elevated the PLO to a formidable political entity.
at Rabat, Morocco, in late October destroyed any possibilities for negotiated settlement in the Middle East this year. Recognition of Yasir Arafat's Palestinian Liberation Front (PLO) by the Arab leaders as a command-to-live force in the Israel-occupied West Bank of the Jordan was a sublime rejection of Secretary of State Henry Kissinger's plans for peace in the Middle East.
Earlier this year, Kissinger achieved success with his step-by-step approach toward a warhead. In February, he successfully negotiated a military disengagement between the US and Iran forces deadlocked at the ceasefire lines of the 1973 Yom
Mideast was virtually scraped by the Arab leaders at the Rabat Summit. The Arabs replaced Kissinger's shuttle diplomacy with threats of a new war and a new embargo.
The Arab decision to re-enter the new Palestinian state on the West Bank of the Jordan also helped to吹赴 Jordan's Kigush Press.
By a simple vote, the Arab leaders at the Rabat Summit elevated the PLO from a mere insignificant formidable political entity and forced King Hussein to relinquish all authority that he once had over one of the most powerful and fertile parts of his kingdom.
The Rabat Summit was a
victory for PLO Chieftain Yasir Arafat. This victory was later substantiated when the United Nations invited Arafat to speak at a General Assembly at the November Palestinian Debates.
Unfortunately, neither the Rabat Summit nor the U.N. Palestinian Debates did anything to further the prospects of peace in the Middle East.
Israel has continually refused to participate in any peace conference that would include the PLO and also has stated its opposition to the creation of PLO authority in Palestine. The decisions related to Rabat and the recent National Security action did not alter this Israel position.
The only political solution that would have been acceptable to Israel was one that would have insured its
Mideast in his speech before the U.N. General Assembly during the Palestinian Debates.
Arafat threatened continued violence by the PLO until a secular state was formed in Palestine that would incorporate the complete fortitude of the Arab community Arafat's grand design calls for a Palestine Republic composed of Christians, Moslems and Jews.
The Arab Nations stated that they would not accept these crimes, and that Israel withdraws from all territories seized during the 1967 Six Day War and War in Libya. The state is at risk to shtabbed in the Middle East.
As a result of the Rabat Summit, and because the present Mideast stalemate is not likely to continue for more than a few months, Israel has only two alternatives: return all
territorial inviolability and its continued existence as an independent nation. However, it remains in some conditions for peace in the
The United States has continued to pour new arms and sophisticated weaponry into Israel; the Soviets have done the same for the Arab nations.
Arab territories and recognize the creation of a PLO authority allocated to the ultimate destruction of Israel, or fight another war.
At the same time, the Arabs bluntly indicated at the Rabat Summit and at the U.N. Palestinian Debates that they were in definite indifference indefinitely the stalemate that now exists in the Middle East.
Since the 1973 Yom Kippur War shattered the aura of the legendary invincibility of the Israelis, the Arabs are much more likely to pursue a military strategy. If a negotiated settlement does not materialize within the next few months.
The immediate prospect is continued stalemate while both sides build up their military might. The United States has continued to pour new arms and ammunition into the Israeli, Israel, and the Soviet Union has replaced Arab losses resulting from the Yom Kipur War.
The use of nonconventional weapons, a possible preemptive strike by Israel, and the use of surface-to-surface missiles to attack Middle Eastern cities in Syria. In response, the next Arab-Iranish conflict.
The only alternative seems to be a new Kissinger miracle towards a negotiated settlement. If this cannot be done, there may very well be Armageddon in the Middle East.
John Brooks
International cooperation gains impetus this year
International cooperation has begun to gain impetus this year. It will also entail a shorter rise in goods and worldwide inflation have all emphasized the idea that nations are dependent on one another.
In Asia, many nations are starting to recognize the interdependency of nations and some are starting to act accordingly. But they are a long way from total cooperation.
Unfortunately, underdeveloped nations that need the cooperation of other countries to open opening relations with new nations. Developed nations are trying to normalize relations with many countries, even with those ideological adversaries.
International cooperation didn't start in Asia just this year. The new trend has been fermenting for a couple of years through detente and West Germany's "Ost politik."
With new cooperation, as underdeveloped nations band together to act as groups and developed nations recognition of their boundaries, old bipolar world power structure is breaking down. Richard Nixon described the new trend as 'a more fluid and heterogeneous multi-polar order' than the old system.
Traditionally there has always been cooperation between allies. Under the old organization, divided between socialist and capitalist alliances, the Communist bloc's sphere of influence versus the Western bloc's. Very little mixing of peoples between blocs was tolerated, unless the superpowers permitted it.
Theoretically, the multipolar system allows nations to be totally independent or neutral. Nations could even establish relations with whichever countries they want. And with the validity or international interdependence being seen
National pride has kept some nations from normalizing relations with others. China and India, for instance, have other because each believes it
isn't theoretically perfect. Developed nations hold too much influence over Third World nations.
governments would exist much longer.
Geographic closeness can foster suspicions between nations and create competition for resources. These situations require special attention in Asia, Asian nations, too. Bhutan and Nepal, both directly between
The instability of some governments in Asia also has led to increased global cooperation. The Association of Southeast Asian
Even though the Asian nations see the need for cooperation, they don't cooperate worldwide.And the developing multipolar system isn't theoretically perfect.
should govern both nations.
Pakistan refuses to establish relations with Bangladesh because the Bengalis revolted in 1971. Pride has crippled relations between Taiwan and Japan. Last April, Japan and China agreed on a civil aviation accord to allow between Japan and China. Taiwan stepped all air flights between itself and Japan
the recent crises, cooperation could be global.
India and China, were caught in the middle of the Indo-Sino border disputes during the 1960s, and now they both seem afraid to support either India or China for fear of reuphris.
Nations (ASEAN) made up of Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and the Philippines, said last summer it was one of the most successful in South Vietnam to join its group because it didn't think those
But that isn't the way it is in Asia. Even though the Asian nations see the need for cooperation, they don't cooperate worldwide. And the developing multipolar system
In January, China occupied the Paracel Islands to protest Japan's drilling for oil in the South China Sea in an area that is disputed between the two countries. In recent years close relations between the countries, but it didn't help them.
all year. These actions help countries fight the insurgents, but burts their international borders. The use of air force is usually against such actions;
Internal strife helped one Asian nation's international relations. In August an assassination attempt was made on President Park Chung Hee of South Korea. The assassin killed Park's wife, Yok Young Soo, and wounded a girl. The whole world seemed sympathetic to Park and his rid of terrorists in his nation.
China's internal strife hasn't been open warfare or terrorism like other countries, but strife has had an effect on China's military. This led to seclusion all year and Chou Enlai's heart attack this summer raised the question of succession of power. Last spring, ousting eight of the top 11 military commanders, China said it would not antithe military to have much authority in the government.
South Korea and South Vietnam have restricted some citizens' civil rights to help stop insurgents. They were endforced in the Philippines
The outsting showed whom China didn't want running the country but the Chinese haven't declared whom they do want, or even how authority of the government will be succeeded. This hurt China's international reputation don't know with whom they will have to deal in future relations with China.
Another factor that can block international relations is interstate trade. Thailand, for example, Vietnam won't recognize North Vietnam because they believe that North Vietnam is supplying insurgents in their countries. Japan, South Korea and Malaysia are also Communist countries in Indochina, are all reluctant to recognize Communist nations because they think Communist nations dominate invasions domination motivates insurgents in their countries.
Japan has had rioting and the resignation of its premier to contend with this year. The rioting isn't important, but the lack of support in Tanzania because he was implicated in a graft scheme, was important. It
would have declared all national boundaries in Asia inviolate.
China rejected it because it thought the pact was designed to keep from having any contact at all with disputed areas from Russia.
with the Soviet Union and China. Imlaed Marcos, the wife of President Marcos of the Philippines, visited China in October. In April, Japan made a civil aviation agreement with China, and in the same month it agreed to a joint natural gas
The biggest block to normal relations in Asia is that many nations don't trust each other.
The ASEAN and India rejected it because they thought it was an attempt by the Russians to unchallenged leader in Asia.
Outright defence by some countries toward others slowed the trend of cooperation in Asia, too. In May, India defied all of the signers of the 1964 Nuclear Test Ban Treaty by detonating an atomic bomb. Also Indonesian, Malaysian and Japanese, joined Russia in launching Soviet union this summer when they took to the Indian Ocean for exercises near where the Soviet Navy was exercising.
Not all of Asian nations have had such an uncooperative year. The Soviet Union has been downplaying the Russian nation to normalize its relations with other nations. The Russians strengthened detente and Ost politik by receiving President Gerald R. Rommel, who was sent to Schmidt, the chancellor of West Germany, in October.
They bowed to world opinion by exiling Aleksandr Solzhentisyn instead of incarcerating him. And they
The Chinese offered to negotiate some disputed areas with Russia. Even though the Russians turned down their offer, it was a step in the right direction.
tested the Japanese system, it should help their international relations because the success of power went smooth.
Another example of mistrust blocking relations took place last spring when China, India and Australia joined the Asian collective security pact, proposed by the Soviet Union, because they didn't trust the United States, which has been supported by the Soviet Union since 1969.
The biggest block to normal relations in Asia is many countries don't trust each other. The Peoples Republic of China has aligned with the United Nations and refuses to open relations with China because it is afraid that China will try to annex it.
pleased the world by expanding the number allowed to emigrate each year, even though it was tied to a trade agreement with India. They also supersorted the Asian collective security pact.
The Chinese did quite a bit to open their relations. They offered to negotiate some disputed areas with Russia. Ever since Russians downed the offer it was a step in the right direction. They announced that Ford would visit China next year to strengthen their detente with the West. This summer, Ford will be a representative for the third world nations of Asia to the world.
Japan and the Philippines worked to open up relations
Along with Thailand, Japan and the Philippines tried to keep their relations with the West strong. But they put less emphasis on U.S. military support they received to make the
nonaligned countries of ASEAN trust them more.
exploration accord with the Soviet Union.
South Vietnam and South Korea took substantial cuts in military aid from the United States and they didn't try to owe any compensation. On the subcontinent, the famine overshadowed many developments. But one important alignment was opening of trade between India and Pakistan in December. It illustrated the dominant theme of international relations on the subcontinent and Indochina. That theme is sectional alliances. The strength of the regional alliances can be seen in that ASEAN was considered
more influential in Southeast Asia than SEATO. The ASEAN plans to invite Burma, Laos and their organization next year.
Now that economies don't catagorize nations as allies of one superpower or another, there are even a few true neutral nations in Asia. The city-states of Hong Kong and Singapore try to remain trade centers for all nations. Bruma maintains that it is nonaligned, and it makes very few international commitments. Afghanistan boasts of being the "Switzerland of Asia."
Pat Watkins
BULWARK OF DEMOCRACY