10.16
NATION/WORLD UNIVERSITY RALLY KANSAN
Tuesday, October 20, 1992
5
UNIVERSITY DAILY KANSAN
BRIEFS
U.S. pledges aid to Egypt's antiquities
CAIRO, Egypt — A week after the earthquake that killed 550 people, the U.S. government has pledged $3 million, and the University of Michigan said it would provide technical support to help to save scores of damaged antiquities, officials said yester lay.
Pharaonic monuments, Egypt's earliest synagogue, five ancient churches, the Coptic Museum and more than 100 mosques and other Islamic monuments were damaged in the Oct. 12 temblor just outside Cairo. Ibrahim Bakr, his 'chairman of antiquities, estimated Sunday that the initial cost of repairs will be $66 million. He said the meticulous work required to preserve the damaged monuments could take 20 years.
China gives approval to its new leadership
BELIJING — China's Communist Party sought to ensure steady economic development by approving a new top leadership yesterday that is dominated by technocrats and market reformers.
Senior leader Deng Xiaoping, 88, made a rare public appearance to give his blessing to the new leaders, who he hopes will continue his policies into the next century.
The appointments capped a week-long party congress that strongly endorsed relaxing state controls over the economy in favor of free markets. Deng believes growing prosperity can best ensure that the party stays in power.
congress ruled out political liberalization and made no effort to confront the problems of official corruption.
British officials agonize over coal mine closings
LONDON — The government retreated yesterday from its plan to shut down more than half of Britain's coal mines, trying to dampen public anger over layoffs and a possible revolt by governing party lawmakers.
The Associated Press
Some rank-and-file Conservative Party legislators said the decision to close only 10 mines instead of 31 could avert a defeat of Prime Minister John Major's plan tomorrow in parliament.
But they said Major's position had been undermined gravely by the government's second abrupt policy reversal in two months related to Britain's struggling economy. Last month, Major allowed the pound's value to drop sharply after promising to prevent that from happening.
Speculation has been growing that Major's party, which holds a 21-vote majority in the House of Commons, could force him from office.
"He has not gone far enough," said Winston Churchill, grandson of the World War II prime minister and a leader of Conservative legislators who want the government to back down further from its plan to shut mines.
After an emergency Cabinet meeting, Trade Secretary Michael Heseltine told the House of Commons that the government would close only 10 mines, employing 6,950 miners, and only after consultations with the miners. Some had been due to shut within days under the original plan announced last Tuesday.
Heseline announced a reprise until next year for the other 21 mines, employing nearly 23,000 miners, to give time for the government to explain its case and for parliamentary debate.
the government has said the state-owned coal industry was losing $162 million a month because the mines produced more coal than can be sold.
Hesetline, with Major at his side, arrived in the Commons to roars of "resign" from opposition Labor Party legislators and a stony silence from many of the massed Conservative rank-and-file lawmakers.
"The government recognizes the concern at the speed of the rundown and the very great difficulties it would cause to the communities involved," Heseltine said.
However, he said all the closures eventually must go ahead—but more slowly than the time scale ranging from days to five months under the original program.
"It is a quite awful decision to have to contemplate," Heseltine said in a television interview after leaving the Commons. "But all the debate, all the arguments and the tension don't produce a market for coal."
Some potential Conservative rebels were swayed.
"I think most ... will vote for the government now," said legislator John Townend. "But there are a lot of questions."
The Labor Party and miners' union leaders dismissed Heseltine's announcement as inadequate.
he is just trying to buy a bit of time," said Roy Lynk, president of the Democratic Union of Mineworkers, who was in his fourth day of a protest sit-in at the Silverhill mine — one of the 10 to be closed.
Major's popularity is at a record low over Britain's recession, which has seen the jobless rate rise to a five-year high of 10.1 percent. Even Britain's traditionally pro-Conservative newspapers are mounting savage attacks on his government, and industrialists join the wave of protest over the coal mines.
Suffering sporadic snipping from former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, Major has been struggling to rally support for ratification of a treaty calling for closer monetary and political cooperation among the European Community's member nations.
On Sept. 16, Major pulled the plunging pound from Europe's currency system, in effect accepting the devaluation he had promised never would happen.
The mines closures plan has developed into the biggest crisis of Major's career, reflected in a banner headline of the conservative Daily Express.
Yeltsin extends nuclear test ban
"Can Major Survive?" it asked.
Russian decree urges two nations to join moratorium
The Associated Press
MOSCOW — President Boris Yeltsin yesterday extended Russia's nuclear test ban until July 1993 and urged Britain and China to join the moratorium as a step toward halting all atomic blasts forever.
Britain, however, said that it would continue to detonate nuclear weapons at a U.S. test site in Nevada. Chinese officials did not respond immediately to Yeltsin's call.
Yeltsin signed the decree to reciprocate for cuts in tests announced by the government.
Soviet officials had urged a mutual test ban for years, and Russian officials hinted for a week that Yeltsin would extend Russia's unilateral moratorium.
"If the other nuclear powers follow the example of Russia, France and the United States, it will provide a real opportunity for fulfilling humanity's long-sought dream of completely and forever banning nuclear testing,
which already has done significant damage" to the environment, the decree said.
Yeltsin's office said that he was referring to China and Britain, the only other declared nuclear powers. There was no mention of other countries believed to have nuclear arms, such as India and Israel.
His degree must be approved by the Supreme Soviet legislature and was expected to pass easily.
Pushing for a longer test ban, Russian Defense Minister Pavel Grachev said that Russia was ready to extend the moratorium for all of 1993 if the United States agreed to do so. If not, Russia may resume testing next year, he said.
President Bush reluctantly signed a law this month banning nuclear tests for nine months, also until July 1993. The law allows the United States to resume the tests later, but they must be stopped permanently by 1997.
Former Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev had announced a one-year unilateral test ban in October 1991, and Yeltsin later endorsed it.
France, which signed the nuclear non-proliferation treaty last year, announced in April that it would halt nuclear tests in the South Pacific for a
year, then review the policy.
Britain and China, however, have continued to test their nuclear weapons. A British Defense Ministry representative said that four weapons were tested in Nevada since 1987 in what he called a minimalist testing program.
A Foreign Office representative said that testing was necessary to ensure the weapons' safety and that Britain could not cut the number of tests further without eliminating the weapons entirely.
Novaya Zemlya was a primary nuclear test site from 1958 to 1963. Public protests had forced the Soviets to suspend tests at their main site in Kazakhstan.
The former Soviet military conducted its last nuclear test in 1990 at Novaya Zemlya, an archipelago above the Arctic Circle, the TAR-Tass news agency said, quoting test range chief Viktor Yarkin.
Grachev, the defense chief, said that Russia was counting on other countries joining the test ban.
"A unilateral moratorium cannot be permanent," Grachev said, according to ITAR-Tass. "If we do not reach an accord, Russia most likely will resume testing."
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