10
Wednesday, November 4, 1987 / University Daily Kansan
Nation/World
Court hears teen-age abortion case
Reinstatement of Illinois law would make notification of parents mandatory
The Associated Press
WASHINGTON — States must be allowed to protect the right of parents to consult with their young daughters who seek abortions, the Supreme Court was told yesterday.
Illinois Deputy Attorney General Michael J. Hayes argued that an Illinois law that requires notification of parents at least 24 hours before teen-age girls abort their pregnancies should be reinstalled.
"The law protects the constitutional right of parents to properly control the upbringing of their children. It protects family structure and protects minors from their immaturity." he said.
But Colleen Connell, a Chicago lawyer representing doctors who perform abortions, said the law exposes teen-age girls to medical risks in a misguided attempt to promote family unity.
Lower courts have blocked the 1983 law from being enforced.
If the Supreme Court reinstates the law and it serves as a model for other states, abortion could become a less-available alternative for many American teen-agers who become pregnant. The number of such pregnancies is now more than 1 million a year.
The court's decision in the case, which is the only abortion controversy it is considering currently, is expected by July.
The Illinois law, enacted by the state General Assembly over Gov. James R. Thompson's veto, required that unmarried girls under 18 and still financially dependent on their parents notify both parents 24 hours before having an abortion.
The law allowed a girl to avoid notifying her parents if she could prove to a state judge she was mature enough and well-informed enough to make the decision on her own and that notifying her parents would not be in her best intere$^{o4}$
Doctors who failed to comply with the law's requirements faced criminal prosecution.
A federal trial judge struck down the law, but the 7th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals did not go that far.
The appeals court ruled that the 24-hour waiting period was an impermissible infringement on the right to have an abortion, but it left to the state Supreme Court the issue of whether the law sufficiently protected the confidentiality and anonymity of girls who appeal when a judge denies permission for an abortion.
The state court has not yet ruled on that issue, resulting in what Justice Thurgood Marshall yesterday called "a Mexican standoff."
The justices first must decide whether the state's appeal is premature in light of the state court's inaction. They may decide merely to send the case back to the lower courts or to determine the constitutionality of the 24-hour waiting period.
"The state has a significant interest in promoting parental involvement . . . for the good of the child," Hayes said.
or the court could decide, as Hayes urged, whether any judicial alternative is necessary when a state requires only parental notification rather than parental consent.
When asked by Justice John Paul Stevens why both parents must be notified when possible. Hayes responded, "Both have a right to raise, nurture and guide their child."
But Connell said the law does not provide any assurances of confidentiality and therefore likely would embarrass girls from seeking abortions.
She also attacked the law for not assuring expedited appeals of a judge's denial of permission for such an operation. "Time is of the essence in the abortion context," she said.
Japanese standard of living lags behind economic wealth
The Associated Press
TOKYO — Many economists see Japan as the world's richest nation because of the strong yen, trade surplus and stockpile of foreign exchange. Many Japanese see their nation as a rich country full of poor people.
Japan's banks and companies dominate international lists; its citizens have the highest average income in the world, 28,642 a year in 1986; and the per capita gross national product probably will overtake that of the United States this year.
A recent report by the Tokai Bank, however, says living standards lag far behind. High prices, overcrowding and a lack of leisure facilities have led some to question why Japan's immense wealth has not translated into a better standard of living for the average Japanese.
"Japan has improved drastically since the end of the war, but individual Japanese still aren't so well off."
said Shintaro Abe, former foreign minister and a top official of the governing Liberal Democratic Party.
"An officer at the Foreign Ministry still can't invite visiting foreign officials to his home without feeling slightly embarrassed," he said.
Middle-class workers pay an average $133,333 to $266,666 to buy tiny homes that usually lack insulation and central heating.
Many young parents on small salaries make do in two-room apartments — described in one French report as "rabbit hutches" — and use public baths.
Food costs 1.5 times more on the average in Japan than in the United States; fuel and utility charges are 91 percent higher; and rent is 66 percent more expensive, according to a survey released last year.
"Prices are so terribly high," Tomoko Hirose, a Tokyo housewife, said. "I have only boys, and they eat so much ... It's very hard to manage
a household — and I'm relatively well off."
Land price increases of over 80 percent a year in Tokyo have far outpaced the ability of most Japanese to buy a house. Millions spend at least 90 minutes daily, each way, in "commuting hell" aboard jumped trains.
Some say Japan's drive to become a world industrial power has sacrificed living standards for the sake of international economic might.
Kenichi Ohmae, outspoken social critic and a managing director of McKinsey and Co., a Tokyo consulting firm, says the political system may have suited a largely rural population 40 years ago, but it does not respond effectively to the needs of the urban, middle class of today.
While 80 percent of all Japanese live in cities, the system gives more weight to rural voting districts with few residents. The government forbids rice imports and restricts imports of cheaper foods.
CHICAGO — While the nearsighted may need glasses, their lack of perfect vision could be a sign of high intelligence, say researchers who studied myocardial Israeli teen-agers.
Doctors tested 157,748 Israeli military recruits, ages 17 to 19, and discovered a link between nearsightedness and high IQ's and years of education.
Late market rally saves Dow from another 100-point loss
The Associated Press
"There can be no doubt about the reality of the correlation between myopia and intellectual performance," wrote Mordechal Rosner and Michael Belkin, the doctors.
Myopia may correlate to IQ and years of education
Analysts said the recent rump in the market may have precipitated the decline as investors, still shaken by the record 508-point decline in the Dow industrials on Oct.19, stock to sold in short-term
The Associated Press
The Dow average of 30 blue-chip stocks ended the day down 50.56 points after losing as much as 102 points earlier in the afternoon.
Twelve stocks fell in price for every five that gained on the New York Stock Exchange.
Still, they wrote, the "cause and effect relationship . . . is not clear."
gains.
The Dow's loss pushed the average back below the 2,000 mark at 1,963.53, ending a string of five consecutive gains. The average had gained more than 220 points over the stretch.
NEW YORK — The fear that gripped the world's stock markets last month cast its shadow again yesterday, but a late rally in New York spared the Dow Jones industrial average from another loss of more than 100 points.
"People are very hopeful that they saw the worst, but the least sign of decline, they sell. I don't blame them, it's human nature," said William LeFevre, a market strategist for Invac Inc.
Yesterday's fall wiped out nearly $48 billion from the value of all U.S. stocks, according to the Wilshire Associates tilt. It left the Dow average less than halfway back from its one-day fall on Black Monday.
In foreign trading, the major Hong Kong index fell 1 percent and London's 100-stock index fell 4 percent. There was no trading in Tokyo, the world's largest stock market, because of a national holiday.
A plunge in the dollar to new postwar lows battered stocks early in the day in New York; and although the dollar snapped back later, stocks only partially recovered.
The dollar touched new lows Tuesday but then rebounded on speculation that the West German central bank might cut a key interest rate in coordination with a similar move Tuesday by the Dutch central bank.
There were no major news events to account for the stock selloff, although some analysts said investors were concerned by a lack of reports of progress on talks in Washington on reducing the federal budget deficit.
"We're in a crisis of confidence," said Alan Ackerman, an investment strategist for Gruntal &
Co. "We need two cuts: a cut in rhetoric and a cut in the budget deficit and the trade deficit."
President Reagan said the stock market's plunge in October was a warning that the United States needs to deal with the unfinished business of its budget deficit.
The researchers, writing in the current issue of the American Medical Association's Archives of Ophthalmology, said 15.3 percent or 24.9% of the recruits were myopic in eyes, or unable to see long distances.
The entire study group took standard verbs and written exams and found
■ Among the recruits who had an IQ of 128 or higher, 27.3 percent were nearshoot. An IQ of 100 is average.
■ Only 8 percent with an IQ of 80 or higher.
The percentage of myopic recruits in the number of years educated.
However, fewer years of schooling did not necessarily mean low IQs among nerected males.
Indeed, 23.3 percent of the near-sighted males who had completed only nine years of education had an IQ of 128 or higher.
Of those completing eight or fewer years of schooling, 7.5 percent were nearsighted, while those who had completed 12 or more years had a rate of myopia of 19.7 percent, the researchers said.
People who are smart may read more than less intelligent people, and excessive reading may tire the eyes and fuel myopia, Rosner and Belkin said.
Robert Marmer, an Atlanta ophthalmologist, said that doing close work may contribute to myopia. "It has a lot to do with the constant focusing."
Rosner and Belkin also say the link may be genetic.
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