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Thursday, October 29, 1987 / University Daily Kansan
Nation/World
Study says fewer blacks in grad school
The Associated Press
BOSTON - Black enrollment in graduate schools declined in this decade after peaking in the 1970s, particularly in engineering and other lucrative fields, according to a study that says changes in education and in the black community are needed to reverse the trend.
"The current status of black Americans in higher education is clear evidence that the clock is ticking backward," the author of the study, Gail Thomas, a Texas A&M sociology professor.
"Blacks are at a dangerous point in terms of becoming disempowered as a result of what I see as a disturbing trend in higher education, because higher education still remains the major avenue for upward mobility for black Americans." Thomas said in a telephone interview Tuesday.
The percentage of black graduate students dropped from 5.1 percent in 1976 to 4.2 percent in 1982, according to the study published in the current issue of Harvard Educational Journal, a prominent in professional schools remained stable at 4.6 percent during the six-year period, the study said.
"Black students remained highly underrepresented in graduate and professional schools relative to their availability in the baccalaureate pool," Thomas said in the study. "Equally critical is the fact that students major affirmative action efforts in this field require enrollment in graduate education is declining and has not progressed in professional schools."
Thomas cited a variety of reasons for the disproportionate enrollments.
including low quality elementary and secondary schools in predominantly black areas, failure of $ ^{e} $ viance counselors and parents to encourage blacks to pursue advanced degrees, and the traditionally poor performance by blacks on standardized tests, including the Scholastic Aptitude Test widely used for college admissions.
"Test bias and the lack of early and adequate exposure to standardized tests have been identified as factors that negatively affect the SAT performance of blacks." Thomas said. "The majority of blacks must improve their performance on traditional standardized achievement tests."
Reversing the trend depends on a commitment by black parents and community leaders to promote higher education to students and improved affirmative action programs by colleges and state and federal governments, Thomas said.
The study, which relied on the latest available information from the Department of Education's Office of Civil Rights, found that while blacks constituted 3.3 percent of all recipients of undergraduate engineering degrees, only 4.9 percent of master's degrees in engineering were awarded to blacks and less than 1 percent of the doctorates in engineering went to blacks.
Black enrollment in biological and physical sciences and in mathematics also was highly disproportionate, Thomas said, and in all three fields black colleges awarded the overwhelming majority of advanced degrees received by blacks.
Mom on trial in suicide case
The Associated Press
FORT LAUDERDALE, Fla. — The case of a woman accused of driving her daughter to suicide by making her work as a nude dancer went to the jury yesterday after a prosecutor called her a "master manipulator" and her lawyer called her "a poor woman all alone."
The Broward County Circuit Court jury deliberated the case of Theresa Jackson, 40, after $10_{1/2}$ days of testimony. Jackson, believed to be the first mother criminally charged in connection with the suicide of a child, faces up to 25 years in prison if convicted of child abuse, procuring a sexual performance by a child and forgery.
The jury deliberated three hours but retired without reaching a verdict yesterday.
"It's not just Theresa that's on trial," defense attorney Kenneth Whitman said in closing arguments. "It's every parent in America."
state attorney, argued throughout the trial that Jackson mentally abused 17-year-old Tina Mancini by forcing her to dance nude.
Mancini, a high school dropout, killed herself with her mother's pistol on March 24, 1986, three months after she started to work as a nude dancer.
Kathleen Kearney. an assistant
"She used a mother's influence," Kearney told jurors as Jackson, who had cried at times during the trial, watched calmly. "Terry got her the yarrow she drove her back and forth. Terry saw there and watched her do that job."
"Does a mother as a human being go and watch a child take her clothes off for men . . . and then take that money and use it?" Kearner asked.
Whitman has contended his client is an emotionally and mentally disturbed woman who was victimized in childhood and who was unable to control a rebellious, headstrong teen-ager. In testimony this week, she discussed the possibility of being possessed, exorcism and seeing the
ghost of her dog.
Whitman also argued that Mancini's dancing wasn't sexual in nature.
a dancing wasn't sexual in nature. But Kearney disagreed. "They're making money based on how much they take off their bodies," she said.
"We have a girl $17\frac{1}{2}$ years old that did as she pleased," Whitman said in his closing statement yesterday. "Theresa was blinded by her own mental afflictions; her own probabilities, and as much as any mother can suffer."
During the morning, John Spencer, a court-appointed psychologist who interviewed and tested Jackson two weeks before the trial began, testified as the final defense rebuttal witness.
Psychiatrists and psychologists who treated Jackson in the late 1970s and in 1986 have offered differing opinions on her personality, ranging from a "schizo-type personality disorder" to a "histrionic personality disorder."
S. Korean ransomed in Beiruit
The Associated Press
BEIRUT, Lebanon - Kidnappers released a South Korean diplomat for a $1 million ransom after holding him for 21 months, the leader of the mainstream Shite Moslem militia said yesterday.
Do Chae-Sung was released Tuesday, and "not less than one million dollars have been paid," Nabib Bheri, leader of the Shite Amal militia, told reporters at his residence in Moslem west Beirut.
Berrier said in English. He did not disclose further details.
*AaM dld hir hob jb to protect health
*hair id lierh job to protect health
No information was immediately available about who purportedly preyed on them.
No, he one second secretary at the South Korean embassy in Beirut, was kidnapped in the city's Moslem western sector on Jan. 31, 1986. A group claimed his abduction, but has made no public demands.
Do's release leaves 22 foreigners,
including eight Americans, held hostage
after kidnappings in Lebanon.
They are said to have pro-Israeli Shia
Mosleem groups.
A Lebanese employee at the South
korean embassy also said the diploma
was inaccurate.
tion about Do being released.
Berri's militia has been engaged in efforts to free some foreign hostages.
In addition, Anglican Church envoy Terry Waite has been missing since last January, when he disappeared during a mission to mediate with Islamic Jihad, which holds some of the group's claims and has claimed kidnapping him.
New IUD will be sold next year
The Associated Press
The Population Council, a non-prif research and policy organization in New York City, said yesterday that it had licensed GynoMed Pharmacy, Somerville, N.J., to market the device for the first time in the United States.
NEW YORK — A more effective copper IUD will become available in the United States next year, two years after a wave of lawsuits and adverse publicity drove all similar birth control devices off the market.
The new intrauterine device, called the Copper T 380A, was developed by researchers at the Population Council and was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 1984. It has been used in other countries including Canada, since 1982, but has never been sold in the United States.
The Copper T 308A "is the most effective IUD available anywhere," said George Zeidenstein, president of the Population Council. Studies show that over a year's time an average of one woman out of 100 who uses it will get pregnant.
"For many women, it is likely to be the contraceptive of choice." Zeidenstein said at a news conference called by the Population Council.
The agreement between the Population Council and GynoMed follows a year-long search for a company that would market the device with appropriate safety precautions, Zeidenstein said.
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