10
Thursday, October 1, 1987 / University Daily Kansan
Nation/World
Congress to debate future of anti-apartheid measures
The Associated Press
JOHANNESBURG, South Africa Consensus is rare in this divided country, but militant blacks, right-wing whites and virtually every group in between share a dislike of the United States' year-old anti-parthenoid act.
Black activists say the sanctions imposed by the act are too weak, executives say the measures undermine prospects for reform, and the government accuses Congress of meddling harmfully in South Africa's internal affairs.
They all hope for changes when Congress debates the future of the Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act after President Reagan submits a one-year assessment of its effectiveness. His report is due tomorrow.
By law and custom in South Africa, apartheid establishes a racially segregated society in which the 25.6 million white people are held in official affairs. The 5 million whites control the economy and maintain separate districts, schools and health services.
The bill, enacted Oct. 2, 1986, over Reagan's veto, imposed a set of penalties — trade sanctions, a ban on new investment and severance of air links — to pressure South Africa into meeting a set of goals. They included lifting the national state of emergency, releasing jailed black leaders like Nelson Mandela, moving toward repeal of all apartheid laws, and negotiating to bring blacks into the political system.
The emergency remains in force, Mandela remains in jail, and blacks remain without a vote in national affairs. The government says it will revise, but not abandon, its racial segregation laws.
"The sanctions were too weak to really make an impression," said the Rev. Allan Boesak, a founder of the United Democratic Front anti-paraphrased coalition.
The sanctions were enough to anger the government, Boesak said, but they did not cause government to make any changes.
Adrian Botha, executive director of the American Chamber of Commerce in South Africa, said the act had increased the attitudes of government leaders.
"The government doesn't give the impression of knuckling under," he said. "You don't tell them what to do, because then they don't do it."
Enactment of the bill last year, along with adoption of sanctions by the Common Market, prompted pre-emptive action in losses, particularly among blacks.
No authoritative figures are available on the extent of sanctions-related layoffs, but experts agree the worst fears have not been realized. One reason is that South African exporters have found new overseas markets for the products embargoed by Congress.
State population getting older
The Associated Press
WASHINGTON — The population of Kansas continues to grow older; the number of residents over 65 increased nearly 8 percent since 1980, the Census Bureau reported yesterday.
The aging trend has produced an increase of 1.6 years in the median age of the Kansas population since 1980. It rose to 31.7 years as of July 1986, giving the state the 22nd oldest population in the nation.
Florida has the oldest population, with a median age of 36.0 years. The national median age is 31.7 years.
The figures are part of a new study on state populations released by the Census Bureau.
According to the report, women continue to outnumber men in Kansas, accounting for 51 percent of the state's population, or 1,254 million.
The median age of Kansas women is 33.1 years, compared to 30.4 years for men.
Kansas ranks 20th in the nation in percentage of men in its population. Men outnumber women in only five states.
According to age group, Kansans 25- to 44-years-old constitute the largest segment of the population and the fastest growing. The group has increased 21.7 percent since 1980, to 760,000.
The 65-and-over group in Kansas has grown 7.7 percent from 1980 to
1986, reaching 330,000. That includes 150,000 residents who are over 75 years of age.
The biggest population decline in the state has occurred among young adults, those 18 to 24 years-old, by 5.5 percent since 1980, to 726,000 in 1986.
School-age children, those 5 to 17 years, have declined by 3.2 percent since 1980. However, their numbers have grown for the last two years, most recently rising from 451,000 in 1985 to 453,000 in 1986.
The 45 to 64 age group declined by 2 percent from 1980 to 1986, while the under-five segment increased 6.8 percent.
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