NATION/WORLD UNIVERSITY DAILY KANSAN
Friday, September 2, 1994
7A
Irish peace needs a chance
Feelings of hostility historically die hard
By CHARLES J. HANLEY
AP Special Correspondent
In still one more bloody corner of the map, peace is getting a chance. It's too bad that, as the Irish can tell you, the habits of war die so hard.
The Irish Republican Army ceasefire that took yesterday in Ulster hit the front pages and airwaves like an inevitable headline in a five-year-long parade of peace, the next float in a procession of historic agreements and capitulations, handshakes and grand gestures.
Since 1989 when the Berlin Wall crumbled, the world has watched and cheered; Nelson Mandela's freedom in South Africa; peace in Nicaragua; the Soviet empire's collapse; peace in Lebanon and El Salvador; a nuclear arms treaty; peace in Ethiopia, Afghanistan and Cambodia; the Israel-Palestine Liberation Organization agreement; the United States-Vietnamese deal and the Israel-Jordan agreement.
ANALYSIS
And now, rolling into view, peace in Northern Ireland. Maybe.
Peace has a lot going for it in Belfast: The Catholic-Protestant conflict is small-scale; the extremist violence has no wide public support; moderates are working for a lasting settlement under the sponsorship of democratic, and well-healed, friends—the British and Americans.
But knowledgeable onlookers must wonder how far the bandwagon can go before it breaks down, such as all previous peace initiatives in Northern Ireland, on the hatreds and distrust of centuries.
And if peace loses its chance in Ulster's gentle green hills — where tens of thousands have not been "ethically cleansed," where mind-numbing atrocities are not the order of the day, every day — how can it win in Bosnia, where people are being shuffled across a map by faceless foreign bureaucrats or in Rwanda, steeped in the blood of a half-million neighbors?
But a missed chance for peace in Northern Ireland would fit a trend of the times. After all, a closer look at the march of peace in the post-Cold War world shows it has been turning into a rout:
In Cambodia, a peace agreement reached in Paris in 1991 evaporated on the killing fields of Cambodia by 1993, as the Kmmer Rouge renewed a 14-year-old guerrilla war.
In Afghanistan, peace had its moment in 1992. But a guerrilla victory against the Soviet-allied government quickly degenerated into civil war among ethnic factions.
In Angola, warring armies struck a deal for elections in 1992. But the faction that lost the vote then simply went back into its military mode. The 19-year-old civil war rages on.
Other international efforts at peacemaking have failed conspicuously in the former Yugoslavia, Somalia, Liberia and Rwanda.
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Although Cuba wanted to broaden the agenda to discuss easing the U.S. economic embargo and other issues, the United States insisted on a limited agenda of migration issues.
Both sides made initial presentations and the United States focused on migration, U.S. law enforcement and returning Cuban criminals now
Cuba. United States find no accord
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The U.S. side described the talks as serious, professional and businesslike. The Cuban side did not comment immediately.
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NEW YORK — U.S. and Cuban officials reached no agreement yesterday in talks seeking to halt the flood of Cuban rafters trying to reach Florida.
The Associated Press
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The sides decided to meet again today, changing the venue from the U.S. mission to the United Nations to Cuba's mission.
Cuban diplomats said their government had ordered them not to talk with reporters while the negotiations continued, but delegation leader Ricardo Alarcon appeared on U.S.
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After a working lunch, Johnson said the United States had discussed details of how to reach a mutual objective, "handling the desire to immigrate in an orderly, predictable and dependable process and stemming the uncontrollable outflow" of refugees.
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in U.S. jails, said David Johnson, a representative for the U.S. delegation after talks recessed yesterday.
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Criminals also are said to be among the 19,000 Cubans who fled their homeland last month
He did not elaborate about the criminals, but he apparently referred to the 1,397 Cubans in U.S. prisons and jails who arrived 14 years ago in the Mariel boat lift.
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television.
A half-dozen Cuban protesters gathered outside the U.S. mission chanting "Liberty" and "The problem with Cuba is Fidel."
The talks focused on the flight of Cubans in the past month. The exodus began when President Fidel Castro responded to Aug. 5 riots in Havana by suggesting he would no longer stop Cubans trying to leave.
"A number of Cubans now feel compelled to get out of the country, which is suffering from many external factors," he said. "If we are seriously going to find a solution, we cannot ignore the specific circumstances in which this so-called exodus is taking place."
In an interview on NBC's Today show yesterday, Alarcon again said that ending the 32-year U.S. embargo against Cuba was crucial to ending the exodus.
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