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University Daily Kansan / Thursday, November 14, 1991
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CONGRATULATIONS to the 1992 H.O.P.E. Semi Finalists
Pay unequal between sexes; gap widens as age increases
The Associated Press
WASHINGTON — Women with four years of college earn roughly the same salary as men with only a high-school diploma, according to government statistics released yesterday. At every education level, women make less money than men with the same amount of schooling.
An Associated Press analysis of Census Bureau numbers also found that the pay gap between men and women grows wider as they get older.
A college-educated woman between ages 18-24 earns an average 92 cents for every dollar earned by a man of the same age and education. Her earnings drop steadily and by the time she is between ages 55 and 64, the average female worker is making 54 cents for every dollar earned by a man.
less because it's profitable for their companies.
The gap is just as wide between men and women who did not go to college.
It is illegal to pay women less for equal work. But the law says nothing about paying people differently if they do different jobs. And experts say that's the problem: The pay gap reflects lower salaries paid in fields traditionally dominated by women and the difficulty women have breaked through the so-called "glass ceiling" to higherpaid positions.
"Discrimination pays, otherwise it wouldn't have flourished so long," said Karen Nussbaum, executive director of 910.5, a Cleveland-based association of 15,000 working women. "You can bet people say, 'We can get her for less than we can get him.' You know it goes on."
Women earn less if they choose careers in fields dominated by women, such as nursing, social work, education, anything in the public schools, experts said.
"The fact of the matter is, many women don't wish to go into non-traditional, male dominated occupations," said Carolin Head, assistant director of the American Association of University Women.
Heidi Hartman, an economist and director of the Institute for Women's Policy Research, said her organization's studies showed a year of experience with women, about 7 an hour to women's pay, compared with 24 cents an hour for men.
Adult women with four years of high school on average earn $17,809 a year, about two-thirds of what a man with similar education would earn. With four years of college, women's earnings rise to $27,344.
That's only about $600 more than
what an adult man with a high-school education earns. Four years of college increases his pay to $42,500, more than $15,000 above what a college-educated woman earns.
Some groups, like the National Commission on Pay Equity, are lobbying employers to target women in their recruiting for traditionally male jobs.
"If the opportunities are there, women will train for them," said the organization's acting director, Kelly Jenkins. Also, "it's a problem of caring women to think about those careers as careers that are open to them."
The study found that men and women age 25 and older had about an equal chance of having a high-school education. For both, more than three-fourths had four years of high school, the highest level ever. In 1940, less than a fourth of U.S. citizens were that highly educated.
Women were less likely to get a full college education. Fewer than one out of every five women had at least four years of college, compared to one out of four men. Overall, 21 percent of U.S. citizens had four years of college or more. In 1940, fewer than 5 percent of U.S. citizens had that much college.
The study was based on a survey of 58,000 households covering level of education in 1989.
Census Bureau ranks Kansas in top quarter of adult education survey
The Associated Press
WASHINGTON — Kansas ranks among the top one-fourth of the states in the portion of its adult population in the United States. Census Bureau reported yesterday.
The report, based on a survey of 58,000 households nationwide in 1989, estimated that 82.2 percent of the schoolchildren had completed four years of high school.
The survey found 22.3 percent of the population had completed a legal loan program.
Kansas fared better than the national average. The survey estimated 76.9 percent of people older than 25 nationally had completed high school and 21.1 percent had finished four years of college.
The 11 states were Utah, Washington, atlaska, Wyoming, Minnesota, Nevada, Oregon, Montana, Iowa, Colorado and Hawaii.
Using the agency's "mipoint estimate," only 11 states exceeded Kansas in the percentage of their 25-and-over population that completed high school. Two states, New Hampshire and Wisconsin, were ranked the same as Kansas.
Among Kansas' neighbors, the survey estimated that 75.9 percent of Missouri's 25-and-over population had completed high school, 74.3 percent in Arkansas; 67.6 percent in Arkansas; 83.2 percent in Colorado and 83.4 percent in Iowa.
The Census Bureau cautioned that some differences in the rankings were statistically insignificant because the
results were based on a survey and the percentages were valid within a range of sampling error.
For example, the percentage of Kansans 25 and over who have completed high school is between 80.1 percent and 84.3 percent.
New Hampshire had a range of 79.9 percent to 84.5 percent. Nebraska had a range of 69.2 percent to 82.4 percent.
Hawaii, which was just ahead of Kansas and the other two states, had a high school completion range of 80.1 percent to 84.4 percent.
Based on the midpoint estimates, 14 states and the District of Columbia exceeded Kansas in the percentage of their 25- and over population that com­ fied four years of college. Kansas had a range of 20 percent to 24.6 per­ cent.