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University Daily Kansan / Wednesday, October 30, 1991
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Jammed antenna hampers spacecraft
The Associated Press
PASADENA, Calif. — The Jupiter-bound Gailoie spacecraft zoomed near a potato-shaped asteroid yesterday, but a jammed antenna could make scientists wait more than a year to see them from the unprecedented exploration.
"This is our first-ever spacecraft encounter with an asteroid," said Torrence Johnson, the $1.4 billion Galileo project's chief scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. "It's an important and historic step in our exploration of these interesting objects."
Galliole was programmed to make its closest approach to asteroid Guspa at 4.37 p.m. by flying at 150 miles with wearing 100 miles of the chunk of rock and iron.
Engineers didn't expect confirmation until 23 minutes later — the time required for Galileo's radio signals to travel 255 million miles to Earth.
"For the first time, we'll be able to see features on the surface of an asteroid," said project manager William J. O'Neil. He said that scientists must wait two to 13 months to see the pictures.
That's because the spacecraft's umbrella-shaped main antenna failed to fully open in April, leaving it unable to transmit pictures and most other data to Earth.
The problem threatens to cripple Galileo the 1956-1997 exploration of Jupiter and its moons and means pictures of asteroid Gaspra be store on the spacecraft's tape
Engineers plan an attempt to free the jammed antenna in mid-December. If that doesn't work, Gaspra pictures will be sent to Earth in November 1992, a few weeks before Galileo time. Since Galileo will be close enough to send the pictures using a small, secondary antenna.
recorder.
The spacecraft was deployed from space shuttle Atlantis on Oct. 18, 1989. Then it was launched on a trip to Jupiter that took it past Venus and Earth last year and will bring it close to Earth again Dec. 8, 1992.
"It basically is a tumbling potato-shaped object," Johnson said of Gaspra. It it 205 miles from the ocean, and it is about 100 miles under oysteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.
Because Gaspra is so small and Galileo moves so fast, the spacecraft was programmed to take 150 images of space surrounding and including the asteroid. That was meant to guarantee the spacecraft would obtain at least one image by the time it texture and one slightly less detailed color picture of Gaspra when the spacecraft was about 3,600 miles from the asteroid.
The largest asteroid, Ceres, is 570 miles wide, much larger than Gaspra, which measures about 11 miles by 7 miles by 6 miles.
O'Neil expressed optimism that National Aeronautics and Space Administration engineers eventually would be able to free the antenna.
Galileo: a multiple-use spacecraft to Jupiter
On Oct. 18, 1989, the Galileo spacecraft was launched from the shuttle Atlantis and began a six-year flight to Jupiter. On its way, it will pass Earth twice and Venus once and take close-up observations of two asteroids. As it approaches Jupiter it will release a probe to examine Jupiter's atmosphere.
Knight-Ridder Tribune News / KANSAN
Senate continues talks on civil rights bill amendment
The Associated Press
WASHINGTON — The fight over quotas out of the way, the Senate struggled yesterday with to cover its own employees under the new civil rights bill's job protections.
In the second day of debate, the Senate moved through a series of non-controversial amendments and aimed toward what sponsors hoped would be a final vote on the bill itself.
An amendment was being readied to extend the bill's protections to all Senate employees and set up an enforcement mechanism that would allow appeals in federal court.
Sen. Ted Stevens, R-Alaska, whoworked on the amendment in private bipartisan negotiations, said the proposal also would extend coverage to White House employees and other political
Senate Majority Leader George Mitchell, D-Maine, said that the key Republican sponsor of the amendment, Sen. Charles Grassley of Iowa, tentatively agreed on the amendment's scope but that talks continued.
Stevens said he thought there were constitutional separation-of-powers problems with the system of state control.
"Everybody's running for the hills," Stevens said.
The rights bill will enhance the ability of workers to win discrimination cases against their employers and would negate several Supreme Court decisions limiting such rights.
The Senate voted 96-0 yesterday to accept an amendment creating a commission to study the
so-called "glass ceiling" or "obstacles to the promotion of women and minorities.
In a preliminary vote Monday, the Senate approved a non-binding resolution condoning sexual harassment and promising to "consider appropriate changes" in law and rules of the Senate to prevent such abuse.
The resolution, approved 92-0, was a reaction to the Senate's hearings into allegations of sexual harassment against Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas by a former aide.
President Bush and Senate leaders reached agreement last week on a version of the bill that appeared to resolve the politically charged issue of racial quotas in hiring.
Sen. Tim Wirth, D-Colo, dropped plans to offer an amendment that would eliminate the bill's
dollar limits on damages in cases of sexual discrimination. The limits range from $50,000 to $300,000, depending on the size of the employer
Wirth agreed to go along with Democratic leaders' promise to push a separate bill eliminating the limits next year.
Women's groups fiercely opposed the limits, which Democrats said bush insisted on. The bill expands the rights of victims of sex discrimination to sue, but it would leave those cases on unequal footing with victims of racial discrimination, for whom limits would not apply.
Women's groups appeared to be accepting the compromise with reluctance.
Business groups continued to oppose the bill, despite Bush's agreement, but none held out serious hope of stopping it.
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