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University Daily Kansan Wednesday, Oct. 7, 1964
Reapportionment
People, Not Trees
The Supreme Court sent thunder clouds rolling and roaring across the nation this summer.
Whether or not these clouds gather enough momentum for a real storm remains to be seen.
A history-making decision was handed down by the court in June. Judging cases in Alabama, Colorado, Delaware, Maryland, New York, and Virginia, the court ruled that "... legislators represent people, not trees or acres," and that therefore the seats in both houses of the state legislatures must be apportioned on a population basis.
Inequalities have existed, and reapportionment has been slow in coming. Examples can be cited where one legislator represents millions of people, and serving beside him will be a legislator who represents only a few thousand people. Surely the latter must represent quite a few trees and acres instead of people.
In Kansas a mere 19 per cent of the population can control the House of Representatives. It takes a somewhat larger figure,48 per cent, to control the Senate.
In a few other states, the percentage of population with power to control one of the two houses, is smaller yet. Eleven per cent of the people can control the Senate in California, and only 8 per cent can control the State Senate in Nevada.
These and other figures led Chief Justice Earl Warren, in the court's majority opinion, to write:
"Logically, in a society ostensibly grounded on representative government, it would seem reasonable that a majority of the people of a state could
elect a majority of that state's legislators. To conclude differently, and to sanction minority control of state legislative bodies, would appear to deny majority rights in a way that far surpasses any possible denial of minority rights that might otherwise be thought to result."
Carrying this logic a little further, it is obvious that another ruling is in order. According to the 1960 Bureau of Census figures, the population of Kansas is 2,178,611. The same source shows California with a population of 15,717,204.
Logically it doesn't follow that an "ostensibly grounded representative government" should allow Kansas to have two senators in Washington with the same voting power as the two senators from California.
The Founding Fathers of our Constitution must have been in a hurry to get home at the time of writing, as they failed to consider this problem.
I am inclined to agree with what Earl Warren said . . . that is, what he said in 1948 when he was the Republican Governor of California.
"The agricultural counties of California are far more important in the life of our state than the relationship their population bears to the entire population of the state. It is for this reason that I never have been in favor of restricting their representation in our state senate to a strictly population basis. It is the same reason that the founding fathers of our country gave balanced representation to the states of the Union, equal representation in one house and proportionate representation based upon population in the other."
-Gary Noland
Goldwater vs. the U.N.
(Editor's Note: This article is one
issue of the Journal on vital issues
in the 1944 Presidency.)
When man first began to settle arguments with clubs, the caveman who was soundly threshed in every argument or encounter began to look for something besides his own strength and obvious lack of fighting ability to survive in a world of surly companions.
HE LOOKED FOR a friend.
As civilization progressed into a gathering of tribes, individuals banded together into organizations for protection against each other.
RAIDING FOR WOMEN and slaves became great fun.
And eventually, as civilization progressed to higher levels, a warrior class of individuals evolved-supported by the populace in order to provide protection so that cultures could be maintained.
We have a facsimile of that same kind of cooperation today in the organization of the United Nations. The difference today is that it is a world-wide peace-keeping force, but it is not as effective as it should be.
Its purpose, primarily, is to stop wasteful wars and rioting on an international scale.
WHAT HAS IT DONE?
In Korea in the 1950's, the United Nations-backed mostly by U.S. money, equipment and manpower — showed it would fight when the chips were down. It could be said that South Korea was kept on the side of the free world — at a fantastic cost in money and men. About all that the Korean War proved was that the United Nations would fight — making aggression too expensive for an aggressor.
Today Cyprus is another example of U.N. intervention.
Maintaining a world-wide police force is terribly expensive, and financing the force is prohibitive — especially when U.N. members do not kick in with their share.
The U.S. and the U.S.S.R. have kept their memberships in the U.N.because they are world powers.Of course,the U.S.S.R. has not been out any expense because it has not paid any money to the organization.
BUT THE U.N. IS at least a sounding board for nations to make their alignments for or against each other and to provide at least partial protections for smaller, warring nations who can be helped by an international police force.
In the U.S. the Democratic and Republican parties have both announced the intention of continued support of the U.N. and "to try to make it better." Both parties are also on record as continuing to maintain that the U.S. should be the no. 1 world power.
President Johnson, wily politician that he is, has so far stood aloof from the political haggling of the almost-eye of the November election, allowing representatives of the Democratic party to carry the flag to the front while he stays in reserve for a last-minute assault.
BUT BARRY GOLDWATER has been campaigning vigorously for more than a year--never in history has a presidential candidate said so much about so many things.
And the Republicans probably have never had a candidate so difficult to control.
Goldwater's latest stand on the U.N., after a top level meeting with Dwight D. Eisenhower, Richard Nixon, William Scranton, William E. Miller, and others, is that he "would support and try to improve the United Nations."
It's comforting to know that Goldwater has decided to stay in the U.N.
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IN A PRESS CONFERENCE Jan. 22, 1964, he said:
"Unless we revise the U.N. charter, I can see no reason for any Western power to stay in the United Nations. . We could not operate effectively as the greatest power in the world if the United Nations could be controlled by the Afro-Asian majority."
"After the Katanga affair, I felt we should get out; I still probably feel that way."
IN A CHRISTIAN SCIENCE Monitor interview. July 25, 1963:
AT BELMONT, MASS., June 13, 1962:
There is "no reason to continue our participation" in the U.N. "The idea was wonderful but the world is not ready for it."
He said he had come to the "reluctant conclusion that the U.S. no longer has a place in the United Nations."
AT PHOENIX, ARIZ., Dec.
20. 1961;
It would seem that Goldwater sincerely believes that there should be one, and only one, world power—the United States. As long as the United States is not the major influence in the United Nations, it would seem that Goldwater would have the U.S. get out.
It is little wonder that foreign nations have indicated great concern over Goldwater's nomination as presidential candidate for the Republican party.
— Tom Hough
"Criticism Of You Is Tommyrot! Naturally You Don't Mean All Those Dopey Things You've Said"
The People Say . . .
The Editor:
Rumor runs rampant, these days, regarding the method (or lack of it), of assignment of "reserved seats" in the KU Student section. For those upper-classmen who find themselves sitting in the bowl, the attitude is one of frustration, anger and chagrin. But the problem has been aggravated by utter disregard of reservations and assignments, i.e., by students sitting in places assigned to others.
Witness Saturday, Oct. 3, 1964, at the KU-Wyoming game. A student and spouse arrived only to find others occupying their seats. This time the ushers cooperated in removing the interlopers.
At half-time, the same couple left the seats to patronize the Union concessions and upon return to their seats, they again found that interlopers had moved into the section. The husband sought the assistance of the uniformed AF-ROTC ushers who refused to give aid. Likewise, an auxiliary campus policeman refused to assist on the excuse that it wasn't "part of the job." He also said he didn't "know the procedure." Is it true that these pensioners are never told what their job encompasses?
A regular campus police officer refused a plea for assistance because he was "assigned" to sit on the field-side bench. Was he there to maintain order or to gain free admission to the game as a spectator and for no other purpose?
Students take note! The ushers, the campus police, and the auxiliary police are derelict of duty and as students you have the right and obligation to demand that positive steps be taken immediately to secure to you those seats for which you have paid; seats to which you are entitled.
Rick Kastner
In behalf of the students of KU, I urge the ASC, the Chancellor's office, and the athletic association to look into these matters. Surely our dollars are not intended to allow the ushers and policemen to attend the athletic events and at the same time deny their responsibilities and ignore problems explicitly brought to their attention.
It is urged that the above mentioned anarchy, if neglected, might erupt into public disorder which must be avoided. Too many are too often inclined to "pass the buck." The "buck" stops in Topeka if it becomes necessary.
Second Year Law
Daili'i Fränsan
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