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University Daily Kansan / Thursday, October 3, 1991
Studies differ regarding genetic link to alcoholism
The Associated Press
CHICAGO — Scientists yesterday offered the first indication that a genetic defect some researchers link to alcoholism also aggravates symptoms of the syndrome and other disorders.
However, a second study, also in yesterday's Journal of the American Medical Association, casts doubt on the earlier finding of a link between the defect and alcoholism.
Joel Gelerner, a Yale University psychiatry professor who led the second study, said the evidence linking the defect to other diseases did not be convincingly established until large samples were studied.
The genetic defect is known as "A1 allele." It shows up on a gene thought to play a key role in experience pleasure. Research conducted in 1990 had found that the defect plays a role in alcoholism but does not necessarily cause it.
The new study on the relationship between A1 allele and other disorders was led by David E. Mead, PhD, of City of Hope National Medical Center in Duarte, Calif. The study involved 314 non-Hispanic whites.
The defect was also present in 46.2 percent of 104 patients with an attention-span disorder and in only 3 of the 53 patients with autism.
A1 allele was found to be present in 42.3 percent of 104 alcoholized studies and in 45 percent of 89 alcoholized patients's syndrome, a disorder incurred by involuntary jerky movements and vocal outbursts.
"Those results suggest A1 allele
These results suggest A trait ... is associated with a number of behavior disorders in which it may act as a modifying gene rather than as the primary," Comings said.
It also was believed to play a role in post-traumatic stress disorder and drug abuse, researchers said.
The marker was also present in 14.5 percent of the 69 patients known not to be alcoholics and free of the other disorders.
Researchers believe unknown genes are the primary cause of the disorders studied.
"If an individual carrying one or more of these genes happens, by chance, also to inherit the modifying gene, the symptoms are likely to be more severe," they wrote.
The Gelerrner study looked at 44 white alcoholics and a control group of 68 whites. Among the alcoholics, the frequency for AI was 33 percent. Among the control group, the frequency was 20 percent.
FAIRBANKS, Alaska - A moderate earthquake centered just north of the entrance to Denali National Park rattled parts of interior Alaska yesterday
Moderate quake measuring 4.6 on Richter scale strikes Alaska
The Associated Press
There were no reports of injuries or damage.
The earthquake measured 4 6 on the Richter scale and was centered 18 miles below the surface.
Thequake struck at 6:02 a.m. and was felt in Healy, McKinley Village and Igloo Service near Cantwell, and woke some people up on the south side of Fairbanks, according to the Alaska Earth Science Information Center in Fairbanks.
The Richter scale is a measure of ground motion as recorded on seismographs. Every increase of one number means a tenfold increase in magnitude. An earthquake of magnitude 4 can cause moderate damage and a magnitude-5 earthquake can cause considerable damage.
President urges citizens to 'take back the streets'
The Associated Press
LOUISVILLE, Ky. -- President Bush yesterday urged U.S. citizens to get more involved in police-monkey organizations, calling such volunteer efforts a cost-effective way to fight crime.
Bush, combining politicking for Republican candidates with promoting his domestic policies, also charged Congress with dragging its feet about his anti-crime bill and other measures.
"In March, we asked Congress to pass a crime bill within 100 days. The 100 days expired on June 14. But the crime bill has not been enacted." Bush said at the annual Crime Stoppers International convention in Louisville.
"To Americans sick and tired of feeling threatened in their own homes, of cowering in fear of punks, of worrying about their kids and their future, I say: Band together. Become Crime Stoppers., take back the streets," he said.
The Crime Stoppers organization, which is made up of a variety of community-based groups designed to help police, has been a success, Bush said. He urged other U.S. citizens to stop being bystanders and join the effort.
Bush's three-state trip was primarily a political trip and an effort to blunt Democratic charges that he lacks a domestic agenda. It was the latest of busier's of appearances widely seen as a warm-up for Bush's 1992 re-election effort.
The president also made stops yesterday at the Country Music Association awards in Nashville, Tenn., and at a fundraising effort in Pittsburgh, where he also pushed his anti-crime message.
Green: From chlorophyll,
which helps plants produce oxygen
Yellow: The pigment xanthophyll
Orange-red: The pigment carotene
Red and purple: The anthocyanin
pigments
When autumn arrives, deciduous trees finish their job of food-making and begin preparing for the winter. Here's a look at how leaves provide us with the gift of fall colors.
Green leaf: A food-making factory
A leaf works like a tiny food factory. It
1 Gets water from soil through roots, carried through its vascular system (veins)
2 Gets carbon dioxide from air through its pores, or stomata
Food helps plants to grow, to produce flowers and seeds
3 Capture sunlight to react with water and carbon dioxide to make glucose, or food.
SOURCE: "How Leaves Change," by Sylvia A. Johnson, World Book
Shorter days, cooler nights cause green chlorophyll to disappear gradually.
Hidden colors of the leaf appear; color of autumn leaf depends on which of the pigments is most plentiful in the leaf.
After chlorophyll breaks down, the leaf can no longer make food. Tiny veins between leaf and stem become plugged by a few strands of hairs by only a few strands until wind or rain break it off completely.
Knight-Ridder Tribune News/MOLLY SWISHER
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