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University Daliv Kansan / Wednesdav. September 25. 1991
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WASHINGTON—Americans spend $50 million a year on self-handle tapes that supposedly send messages to the subconscious mind, but a committee of experts said there is no scientific evidence that such tapes have any value.
Panel leery of subliminal tapes' value
The Associated Press
A committee for the National Research Council, an affiliate of the National Academy of Sciences, said there is no real proof that the so-called tapes can be embedded in self-help tapes actually help a person reach a specific goal.
"We conclude that there is neither theoreticalfoundationnor experimental evidence to support claims that subliminal self-help audio tapes maintain performance," the committee said in a report released yesterday.
Tape recordings of soothing sounds, such as waves or gentle breezes, are being sold on the basis that embedded behind these sounds, at a level that consciously cannot be detected, are messages that will lead to self
Committee of experts says subliminal tapes have little effect on memory or self-esteem.
The committee said the theory was that these messages, repeated thousands of times, are picked up by the subconscious and cause changes in behavior.
improvement.
The committee said that tapes were offered to help people do such things as lose weight, stop smoking, quit drinking, think creatively, make friends, reduce pain, improve vision, cure acne, conquer fears, project astrally, mentally travel through space and improve bowling skills.
The report said that in 1987, U.S. citizens spent $50 million on tapes. They are being produced by about 2,000 companies and individuals.
"The subliminal industry is big and, by most accounts, getting bigger," the report said. "The premise underlying subliminal suggestion — that a person can effortlessly accomplish in a matter of months or even weeks what others struggle but fail to do in a lifetime — is irresistible."
The committee found some research indicating that many of the tapes contained no messages that could influence behavior. Other studies showed that the tapes had "no appreciable effect, positive or negative, on any measure of either self-esteem or memory."
Subliminal message tapes were included in a series of training techniques evaluated by the council in the study, "In the Mind's Eye." The study was undertaken at the request of the Army, which asked the council to evaluate the "new age" techniques of enhancing human performance.
Among other findings:
Meditation, such as techniques taught by some yoga instructors, is not better than other forms of relaxation or stress or increasing performance.
Mental practice, the technique of using the imagination to mentally rehearse a physical activity, can help an athlete's performance if it is used as a supplement to physical practice. But to maximize performance in the shortest amount of time, nothing beats physical practice.
■ Measures to reduce stress, such as relaxation, giving information on what to expect and adding a person's experience can help reduce the sensation of pain.
A student's performance in training may not accurately reflect the level of learning. Tests administered during training should be as close as possible to what the student will encounter in the real world.
New drug-sniffing device may aid detection at work
- Detecting liars is possible by an accurate interpretation of non-verbal cues, but these cues may vary from culture to culture.
The Associated Press
BOSTON-Drug-sniffing dogs might get competition from a machine that can detect microscopic traces of narcotics, even when the drugs are hidden from view.
The maker of the device, Thermedics Inc. of Woburn, Mass., announced Monday it is teaming with a major security firm to screen work places for drug use. But a representative of the American Civil Liberties Union feared that workers' rights could be violated.
"We would object if an employer wanted to X-ray every employee's desk or briefcase. This is no different," said Lewis Malty, director of the ACLU's national work place rights office.
But proponents say the device, used judiciously, can be a potent weapon that need not be considered.
"This can be a very effective tool for employers to create a safer work place," said John
The device, called Sensor, is an growth of a machine Thermedics created several years ago to sniff traces of explosives that might be hidden in luggage. That system, developed with support from the U.S. State Department, is being used in several international airports.
By adjusting the technology, Thermedics devised a tool that also can detect airborne
traces of heroin, cocaine and methamphenatines. Wood said the device is already being used by law enforcement agencies in the United States and abroad, but he could not disclose those agencies because the work is confidential.
Now, the device is moving into the private sector. Pinkerton Security & Investigation Services said it would use the system to help detect illegal drugs in the work place.
Pinkerton, which has more than 200 offices in North America and Britain, provides security and investigation services to about half of the Fortune 500 industrial firms in the country.
Pinkerton chairperson Thomas Wathen said his agency uses drug-sniffing dogs, but they get "burned out" and need frequent breaks to maintain their sensitivity.
The device uses a hand-held dumbbell that takes air samples, which are then fed into an analysis machine about the size of a small refrigerator.
A person would have to use near surgical sterile techniques to handle drugs without leaving the room.
Wathen acknowledged that if a person comes in contact with someone else who has been using drugs, it is possible the first person will carry traces that would be detected by the device.
Representatives attribute Yeltsin's sudden sickness to strenuous work schedule
The Associated Press
MOSCOW — Russian Federation President Boris Yeltsin will take a leave from work for about two weeks, his representative was quoted as saying yesterday.
Soviet television said Yeltsin, 60, would travel for a rest starting today. It gave no further information.
The independent Interiax news agency quoted Yeltsin's representative, Pavel Voschhnov, as saying Yeltsin's leave was beginning today and could last for a couple of weeks.
Last week, Yeltsin suffered an unspecified heart ailment and was sent to Moscow. The Soviet legislature where he was supposed to deliver a speech.
On Friday, he traveled to the Caucasus Mountains to forge a
cease-fire in the disputed area of Nagorno-Karabach, claimed by both Armenia and Azerbaijan. An agreement was reached yesterday on the violent conflict that some 600 dead during the last three and a half years.
Yeltish'a aides and officials have dismissed rumors that the president is suffering from any serious illness and attributed his sickness to a strenuous work schedule.
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