8b
Monday, August 26. 1991 / University Daily Kansan
Students receiving less federal aid,report says
The Associated Press
WASHINGTON - Available student aid totaled $27.9 billion in 1990-91, with state and institutional grants taking up the slack for federal aid that has failed to keep pace with inflation over the past decade.
The College Board, a national non-profit organization working to broaden access to higher education, said in a report released Friday that the federal share of available aid dropped from 85 percent to 75 percent in the decade.
State grants increased from 5 percent to 7 percent, while institutional and other grants rose from 10 percent to 18 percent, the report
In current dollars, total federal aid rose from $14.9 billion in 1981-82 to $21.1 billion in preliminary 1990-91 figures. But after adjusting for inflation, federal aid slipped about 1 percent over the decade.
State grants totaled $1.9 billion in 1990-91, up 42 percent after inflation over the decade, while institution reserves reached $4.9 billion, up 37 percent.
Guaranteed student loans, made up of programs that rely on private funding with the government subsidizing interest payments and guaranteeing repayment of defaulted loans, are the biggest source of federal aid, comprising $12.8 billion in 1990-91.
The College Board also reported that the rise in college costs has begun to slow in recent years.
The annual cost of attending a private university was estimated at $16,356, compared with $7,443 in 1981-82 and $13,074 in 1988-89. A public university cost $3,079 in 1981-82, $4,618 in 1987-88 and $5,577 in 1990-91.
Using inflation-adjusted figures based on constant 1990 dollars, the report said the growth in disposable personal income per capita failed to keep pace with inflation between 1989 and 1990, falling from $15,790 to $15,895 in real terms.
College Board's Laura Greene Knapp said the need for aid continued to grow as college costs rose faster than incomes. She said the percentage of students receiving some kind of aid varied from 50 percent on some campuses to 85 percent on others.
There are no figures on how many people abandoned higher education because they didn't have access to, or didn't know how to obtain, financial aid, she said.
The survey also found that the percentage of available aid awarded as grants, after falling from 79 percent in 1975-76 to 45 percent in 1987-88, has grown slightly in recent years. In 1990-91, grants made up 48 percent of all aid.
ATLANTA — David Vanko will help make history this fall as scientists enter the deepest hole ever drilled into the ocean floor.
Scientists prepare to study Earth's crust
The Associated Press
Vanko, a Georgia State University geologist, and 25 other scientists from around the world will drill into the third layer of the ocean's crust.
What they find may help explain the movement of the Earth's plates, which causes rearrangement of the continents, earthquakes and volcanoes. It also may explain the evolution of sea life, climatic changes, ocean currents, sea levels and magnetic fields.
"We're seeking to understand the energetics of the Earth's system, how it transfers heat, how plate tectonics operates, and how the sea floor is affected. "This is a fundamental test we're performing."
gram in which scientists from 19 countries drill holes into the ocean floor around the world.
"Our mission is to learn how the Earth has evolved through time," explained Philip D. Rabinowitz, geophysics professor at Texas A&M University and director of the program.
The deepest hole will be in the Pacific Ocean off the western coast of Panama. Five previous expeditions to the site have bored nearly a mile below the water but stopped in the second layer of the ocean crust.
In November, scientists will drill 1,650 feet more, entering the third layer, called gabbro. They will bring up samples of the crust and test the age, mineral content and other characteristics.
"As a petrologist, one who studies rocks, I'll be choosing samples to have cut into microscopic sections and study them under the microscope," Vanko said.
He said he thought his next expedition would be several hundred miles west of this hole, at a place called Hess Deep, a natural rift in the ocean floor. "If they're uniform in different areas of the ocean,
The third layer is probably as deep as scientists will need to drill because it is believed to be the layer with the ocean crust's most activity, Vanko said.
"I's almost like if you were a doctor and wanted to look at skin," Vanka said. "You could take a circular tube, punch it through somebody's skin and get a core or you could find a place where someone has surgically opened up the skin and sample the bottom layers directly."
"In this place, the ocean floor appears to be surgically opened, and it's likely we'll be able to drill into bottom layers without having to go through the upper crust."
World's richest man worth $31 billion, Fortune says
The Associated Press
Still, the slowing world economy had an impact on the *Fortune* ranking, which appears in the magazine's Sept. 9 editions, which go on sale every four months named on last year's list; its names replaced by a surge of new arrivals.
NEWYORK — The rich improved their lot somewhat this year despite the global economic slowdown, Fortune magazine reported in its annual accounting of the wealthiest billionaires.
Newcomers to the Fortune list include the Gap clothing chain founders Donald and Doris Fisher,
This year 202 name are listed, up from 182 last year. The average wealth of each entry rose also, to $2.7 billion from $2.6 billion in 1990. How the reckonings were arrived at was not disclosed.
The oil-rich Sultan of Brunei remains the wealthiest man for the fifth consecutive year with a $31 billion hoard, the magazine estimated.
Among the departures was Australian-born media mogul Rupert Murdoch, who dipped below the $1 billion mark when his business declined and forced him to restructure debts and sell assets.
with $1.9 billion, and GAF Corp. owner and former federal prosecutor Samuel Heyman, with $1.5 billion.
Those untouched by the recession benefited. Sam Walton and family, the list's top American entry, ranked second overall with $21.1 billion, thanks to a 31 percent boost in stock at Walmart, the leading U.S. retail chain
The fifth annual Fortune ranking reads like a segment of television's "Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous." The Sultan of Brunei threw his nine-year-old nephew a $950,000 birthday
He was just one of 60 U.S. billionaires, which made the United States home to the greatest number on the list.
party, said the magazine, while Walton preferred to attend pot-luck suppers at the Presbyterian church near his Bentonville, Ark., home.
Likewise, hard-to-track wealth excluded other likely billionaires, including Colombian drug lords and Saddam Hussein, whose worth was reported in the billions because of looting of Iraq's treasury.
Gone from the list because of political events is Kuwait's ruler, Sheikh Jaber Ahmed Al-Sabah, ranked 14th last year. Fortune said it was impossible to pinpoint his wealth after Kuwait's oil fields were set afire by departing Iraqi troops.
HOT SHOTS
BAR & GRILL
NOW OPEN FOR LUNCH 11-2, M-F
MON: Cheeseburgers, Fries & Draw $3
TUE: $1.50 Bottles, Pool Tournament with 100%
return
WED: LADIES NITE-ALL DRINKS $1.50
pitchers, fishbowls, bottles, shots, everything
THURS: 25c Draws
FRI: $2.00 Wells
SAT: $1.00 Shots
SUN: All-u-can-eat Taco bar, $1.00 Tequila shots
21 and over admitted
623 VERMONT 843-0689
TREK USA ON SALE NOW!!!
TREK 800
MOUNTAIN BIKE
$24995
SAVE $ 60
CRO-MOLY FRAME
SHIMANO 21-SPEED
MENS & LADIES
MANY PARTS, ACCESSORIES
AND CLOTHING UP TO 75% OFF
HELMETS FROM $24.95.
ROAD
330 '90 CRO - MOLY $249.95 SAVE $70
400 '91 CRO - MOLY USA $399.95 SAVE $30
1000 '90 ALUMINUM USA $349.95 SAVE $150
1000 '91 ALUMINUM USA $429.95 SAVE $70
1100 '90 ALUMINUM USA $449.95 SAVE $150
1200 '91 ALUMINUM Rx100 $529.95 SAVE $120
1400 '91 ALUMINUM 105SC $649.95 SAVE $150
2100 '91 CARBON FIBER $699.95 SAVE $200
2300 '91 CARBON FIBER $949.95 SAVE $150
2500 '91 DURA ACE STI $2299.95 SAVE $200
ROAD
MOUNT ATA
800 '91 CRO - MOLY $249.95 SAVE $60
850 '90 CRO - MOLY $299.95 SAVE $140
830 '91 CRO - MOLY $369.95 SAVE $50
950 '90 SHIMANO DEORE $449.95 SAVE $150
7000 '90 ALUMINUM DEORE $449.95 SAVE $150
6000 '91 ALUMINUM USA $449.95 SAVE $150
7000 '91 ALUMINUM DEORE $549.95 SAVE $150
8000 '91 ALUMINUM DEORE $599.95 SAVE $230
8000 '91 ALUMINUM DEORE $699.95 SAVE $150
8700 '91 CARBON FIBER $1099.95 SAVE $400
WORK SMARTER NOT HARDER.
We're working smarter, too. So you don't have to work harder.
For us, it means an ongoing relationship with educators and professors, striving to understand what's
needed to help them make math concepts come alive.
It means continually working with students like you, discovering firsthand what you expect from the calculator you select.
The TI-81 is a perfect example. It offers the most comprehensive, easy-to-use graphing features available with extensive programming capabilities.
The result? Calculators that are highly recommended by your teachers and peers. Calculators that are perfectly matched to your major and your coursework.
Like the TI-68, an advanced scientific that solves up to five simultaneous equations, performs complex numbers and offers formula programming.
And there are others.
The TI-36X SOLAR, a general purpose workhorse powered by ANYLITE solar cells so you never need batteries. The BAII PLUS For business students, this is the one to get It handles time-value-of-money and offers cash flow analysis for internal rate of return (IRR) and net present value (NPV).
Plus a whole lot more.
thing: make one of them a part of your professional personality now, and for the years to come.
You'll be on your way to working smarter. Instead of harder.
No matter what your major, no matter what the course, there's a TI scientific or business calculator that's right for you. Do the smart
Try the entire line of TI scientific and business calculators at your local TI retailer.
TEXAS INSTRUMENTS
$5 \infty MAIL-IN REBATE $5 \infty when you buy the TI-68 or BAII PLUS™
HELP:
1. Save your original cash register receipt.
2. Clip the proof-of-purchase UPC bar code from package.
3. Complete this mail-in rebate certificate.
4. Send all three items to the address below.
MESSAGE TO: BACK@SCHOOL REBATE OFFER
Texas Instruments Incorporated
PO Box 53 - Lubbock, Texas 79408
NAME/LEASE PRINT
II 219
PART I AND CONDITIONS. The State shall give such person a time limit between 60 minutes and 150 minutes from the beginning of processing for the application to be entered into the database, subject to the following conditions:
a) Subject shall not have more than five entries in the database during the time limit;
b) Subject shall not have more than five entries in the database during the time limit; c) Subject shall not have more than five entries in the database during the time limit; d) Subject shall not have more than five entries in the database during the time limit; e) Subject shall not have more than five entries in the database during the time limit; f) Subject shall not have more than five entries in the database during the time limit; g) Subject shall not have more than five entries in the database during the time limit; h) Subject shall not have more than five entries in the database during the time limit; i) Subject shall not have more than five entries in the database during the time limit; j) Subject shall not have more than five entries in the database during the time limit; k) Subject shall not have more than five entries in the database during the time limit; l) Subject shall not have more than five entries in the database during the time limit; m) Subject shall not have more than five entries in the database during the time limit; n) Subject shall not have more than five entries in the database during the time limit; o) Subject shall not have more than five entries in the database during the time limit; p) Subject shall not have more than five entries in the database during the time limit; q) Subject shall not have more than five entries in the database during the time limit; r) Subject shall not have more than five entries in the database during the time limit; s) Subject shall not have more than five entries in the database during the time limit; t) Subject shall not have more than five entries in the database during the time limit; u) Subject shall not have more than five entries in the database during the time limit; v) Subject shall not have more than five entries in the database during the time limit; w) Subject shall not have more than five entries in the database during the time limit; z) Subject shall not have more than five entries in the database during the time limit;