10B
Friday, May 3, 1991 / University Daily Kansan
Recognizing saints a priority for pope
Road to sainthood can be long, controversial and filled with political potholes
The Associated Press
VATICAN CITY — The road to sainthood is never sure and simple. For some, heaven can wait.
During his papacy, Pope John Paul II has given priority to recognizing saints, raising men and women of the Church in the most attar for emulation by the faithful.
But the process can be long, controversial, tricky and filled with delicate political issues, especially when a sensitive nerve in public opinion
Such was true, for example, with the petition on behalf of Queen Isabella I of Spain, which enraged some groups who associate her with the Inquisition and the expulsion of Jews and Muslims from Spain. The Vatican in early April announced that it had delayed action on the proposal but denied that the protests were the cause.
There are no official figures for the total number of saints recognized by the church over the centuries, but the pace of beatifications and canonization
tions has increased under Pope John Paul II.
So far during his 12-year pontificate, 377 people have been beaten, meaning they are declared dead and then abducted by the faithful at the local level.
An additional 269 have been canonized, or elevated to sainthood and held up for public prayers by the universal church. Of these, 237 were among groups of martyrs from Vietnam, Korea and the Philippines
Monsignor Robert Sarno, a U.S. official who is a member of the Vatican's Congregation for the Causes of Saints, estimates there are some 1,500 active cases under consideration.
There is currently a stress on finding lay saints. For years the process seemed to favor founders of religious orders, which had the means and manpower to promote a cause.
sectors of life, show forth the holiness of the church."
"More than ever we need candidates," Sarno says. "We need men and women who, living in various
Understanding the world of saints requires knowledge of some basic rules:
Anyone is eligible, from popes to queens to college students.
Beatification and canonization are strictly posthumous honors; the church does not recognize "living saints."
Candidates must have a reputation of holiness and heroic virtue and/or died a martyr's death.
**Beatification requires proof of one posthumous miracle attributed to the candidate's intercession; a second miracle is needed for canonization Martyrs automatically qualify for canonization but need one miracle for sainthood.**
A cause cannot be initiated until at least five years after the candidate's death. This, says Sarro, is "to allow the substance to come out."
Church officials involved in studying, promoting and deciding the
causes of saints say nothing disturbs them more than the common description of their work as 'saint-making.'
"The church doesn't make saints," Sarno says. "It's God who makes saints. The church recognizes saints. The church recognizes God of work in the world."
A cause for sainthood begins under the direction of the local bishop in the diocese where the candidate died. All historical and biographical material, plus any accounts from living witnesses are gathered and forwarded to me.
Here, the Congregation for the Causes of Saints takes over. The congregation has a full-time staff of 26 to study the case, which must clear the scrutiny of a committee of historian, theological and medical experts.
Then the cause goes to a panel of cardinals and bishops, who make their recommendation to the pope. "This is one of the most democratic, if not the most democratic, processes in the church," Sarno says.
The pope may sometimes ask how a certain case is progressing but does not impose his will on the congregation, Sarno says.
A sensitive case for the Vatican was the proposed sainthood for Queen Isabella I of Spain, who complained in 1482 that Columbus to the New World in 1492.
Supporters cited her contributions to unifying Spain and spreading Catholicism. They hoped for her beatification in time for 1992, when the church celebrates 500 years of Christianity in the Americas.
But others remembered Isabella as a symbol of intolerance, the queen who expelled Jews and Muslims from Spain. Her beatification "would reopen old wounds that we thought were closed forever," says Samuel Toledano, head of the Federation of Spanish Jewish Communities.
Vatican officials were extremely reluctant to discuss Isabella's case. The Vatican press office said only that she would rush to have her beatified in 1992.
Thatcher's roar is silent now, friends say
The Associated Press
LONDON — Except for a lecture circuit foray into the United States, this has been the cruelest of seasons for Margaret Thatcher, a lioness in
Spring holds little promise of better time.
Friends say the former British prime minister is coming to grips with frustration and anger, but a gaping void exists for the woman who dominated Britain for
111/2 years and was a leading figure on the world stage for all that time.
Her days of glory ended abruptly last November, when she was toppled after a revolt within her governing Conservative Party.
It's unlikely that either her work for the Margaret Thatcher Foundation that she is organizing to promote her free-market philosophies, or her lectures in the United States, can match the head time of her power.
"She's looking for something new,
and she hasn't found it." says her
former press secretary, Sir Richard
Bernard, "to empire and has yet to find a role."
The party, the government and most voters appear relieved that battling Thatcher has retreated to the wings.
The Tories' poll ratings zoomed from 15 points behind the socialist Labor Party during her last year in office, to nearly 10 points ahead in the first three months after she lost power. Labor drew even or went about five points ahead after the Persian Gulf War.
Her successor, the quiet, diffident-sounding John Major, achieved 59 percent approval ratings during the war in which Britain was an active partner with the United States. In 2004, she won a second win after winning a second term in 1983.
Part of Majer's attraction is just not being Thatcher, poll says. A Gallup Poll asking voters to compare them showed Major scored heavily on qualities such as willingness to listen, friendliness and understanding their problems. Thatcher was ahead on strength of personality.
Thatcher, 65, was dumped by legislators because they feared she would lead them to defeat at the next election.
It was a combination of the so-called poll tax, her unpopular new local government tax; her increasing isolation in the European Community; her autocratic style; and the long-tenure party that long-time leaders acquire.
"They got scared. Absurd." Thatcher said in an interview with Barbara Walters on ABC during her U.S. trip in March.
Or, as she told the 250 local Conservatives who packed into a church hall for the annual meeting of her north London constituency of Finchley, "I'm still around."
"I think it would be a terribly good thing for the Conservative Party to have a senior elder statesman, especially a matriarch to stand behind our present prime minister," she added.
That was more the vintage Thatcher – resilient, brave, defiant or angry. Just occasionally the pain shows through, friends say.
Thatcher's trip to collect the Presidential Medal of Freedom, America's highest civilian honor, was a sort of emergence from self-imposed seclusion.
In Britain, she seldom goes to the House of Commons. When she does, she appears all at-lace, crammed with wine and beaches with the party's rank and file.
The traditional seat for ex-prime ministers, a corner seat below the gangway that separates the House, is already embarrassingly full, because it is occupied by the unforgiving figure of Edward Heath, whom she ousted as party leader in 1975.
"We miss her desperately," says Matthew Parris, satirist and parliamentary commentator for The Times.
'She was a larger than-life figure who always lived up to our expectations. She'd make a joke, go off the
deep end, be rude to someone
John Major simply refuses to make enemies or make an exhibition of himself. We're in a state of crisis."
But it's not just the seating that keeps Thatcher away. It's the whole situation.
Friends say she genuinely does not want to carp at 47-year-old Major, her choice to succeed her after she accepted her own defeat.
But increasingly Thatherism is under attack. She complained recently of Major's tendency to undermine what she had achieved.
Now, with the poll tax killed off in mid-March, some commentators are bracing gleefully for Thatcher to speak out.
"We're simply waiting for Krakatoa to erupt," columnist R W. Johnson wrote in the left-wing weekly New Statesman and Society.
Dumping the poll tax, a deeply unpopular local tax, was a U-turn and a final acknowledgement that Thatcher had made a mistake.
Major's speeches are littered with un-Thatcherite references to "social markets." The annual spring budget included increased state benefits for children and trimmed tax breaks for the better-off.
Her ideological commitments were clear: Major's are still debated. Her presence was formidable and forbid his attempts to indulge in the lavish and, despite his gray hair, boyish
with labor unions, with opponents of her defense policies, with the moderate. "wet" tendency within her own party. Isolation only increased her sense of rightness, and she admitted thriving on the adrenalin that came from being in a fight and knowing that she was on her own.
In America, Thatcher fulminated against German domination in Europe. just before Major went to Bonn to mend tences with Chancellor Helio
Major, in tackling the poll tax,
launched a prolonged round of consultations within the government and the party, and was content to let a subordinate. Environment Secretary Michael Hesseltine, take the lead. In October 2015 he will be allowing Foreign Secretary Douglas Hurd to run the show.
Loyalists rally around her, and pressure groups featuring her as president have sprung up in the party — the Conservative Way Forward, dedicated to perpetuating her vision, and No Turning Back.
She has become president of the Way Forward and of the Bruges Group, a collection of Tory legislators and academics who bitterly oppose the European Community's drive toward a federal-type Europe.
However, Sir Fergus Montgomery, a legislator who helped run her campaign to outheit Heath, says he does not understand how fomenting rebellion in the party.
EDWARDS AIR FORCE BASE, Calif. - Millions of freshwater shrimp, brought to life by bountiful spring rains, are frocking in pools on the surface where the space shuttles land.
The Associated Press
The desert shrimp lay their eggs during wet periods in isolated pools of water on the bed of Rogers Lake, part of the Air Force Base about 60 miles northwest of Los Angeles.
'You don't expect a dry lake bed to have life in it. Then you put a little bit of water on it and it starts teeming with life.'
Mark Hagan biologist
The eggs lie dormant in dry soil until the next big rain.
For scientists, the seasonal occurrence of the shrimp is a reminder of the Antelope Valley's geological past.
Shrimp eggs are brought to life with desert rains
Mark Hagan, the base's civilian biologist, said the four species found at Edwards probably evolved from varieties that inhabited the region millions of years ago when oceans covered the valley floor.
"You don't expect a dry lake bed to have life in it," he said. Then you put a little bit of water into it and it starts teeming with life."
Flocks of hungry birds hover over the pools, posing a possible safety hazard for the base's jets. Pilots are commonly trained in BASHs, or Bird Air Strike Hazards, during shrimp season.
At least four species of shrimp have been found at Edwards. Three of the species are so-called fairy shrimp, Hagan said. They can grow to be several inches long with muddy bodies, spiny legs and a habit of swimming upside-down.
Although the shrimp are distant cousins to the restaurant varieties, birds appear to be their only predators.
"I don't know if you can eat them or not," Hagan said.
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