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Wednesday, July 23,1997
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BOSTON — Scientists have grown replacement organs for sheep, rats and rabbits using the animals' own cells and lab molds to help the tissue take shape — a technique that could be used someday to make spare parts for people.
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"As surgeons, that's what we dream about — having a shelf-full of body parts," said Anthony Atala, the physician who pioneered the technique with Dario Fauza.
Scientists know how to grow skin and cartilage. Two Harvard researchers claim to be the first to have grown animal tissue from a variety of organs, including the heart, kidneys and bladder.
New method uses fetal cells biodegradable lab structures
Harvard physicians grow animal organs
The Associated Press
Ruff's curiosity three years ago formed the basis of a study at the Mayo Clinic that suggests fen-phen causes serious heart and lung damage.
This month the Food and Drug Administration warned patients to get their doctors' advice before continuing the combination of fenfluamine and phentermine and asked doctors to report any heart valve abnormalities.
FARGO, N.D. — Something strange was going on. Twice in the same day, echo cardiogram technician Pam Ruff looked at grainy images on a video screen and saw women whose hearts had deformed valves unlike any Ruff had seen before.
Their new method — to be presented today at a conference of the British Association of Pediatric Surgeons in Istanbul, Turkey — already has been used for sheep blad-
Then, under lab ventilation hoods, technicians separate different types of cells and place them in nutrient-rich solutions.
They operate on the fetus two-thirds of the way through pregnancy. Through small incisions, they lower a surgical camera and instruments into the womb. Guided by a video monitor, they remove a pea-size sample of bladder. Drugs are used to prevent the mother from going into labor.
Next, Atala and Fauza build the organ by draping fragile tissue over biodegradable scaffolds. The cells know which way to orient themselves to each other and grow until they fill out the scaffold.
Ruff was curious, so she talked to the women.
Fetal testing on humans will begin within a year. The researchers hope the procedure will be approved for routine use within five years.
Study suggests diet drugs taken together cause heart problems
The Associated Press
Although the FDA never has approved taking fenfluramine and phentermine together, about 6 million Americans use the drugs together last year.
ders and windpipes, a kidney for a rat, and leg muscles for a rabbit. The spare organs were built with tissue taken from both grown and fetal animals.
With the solution, a sample the size of a square centimeter could produce enough tissue in two months to cover two football fields.
The two doctors said their greatest hope for the technique was birth defect correction. They have developed a method for growing replacement organs for still-developing fetuses.
Doctors can detect birth defects using ultrasound as early as 3 1/2 months into pregnancy.
For example, if an unborn child has a malformed trachea, surgeons could extract some of those cells, grow a new windpipe in the lab and have it ready to be transplanted when the baby is born.
Both women were taking a combination of diet drugs known as fen-nhe.
The FDA is reviewing 49 cases of heart damage,10 of which required surgery. At least two patients have died in cases linked to fen-phen.
The procedure is tricky and requires both delicate laboratory work and microscopic surgery inside the womb.
Within six weeks of the surgery, the new bladder is ready to be transplanted immediately after birth.
Doctors said more research was needed to prove whether the drugs caused heart or lung problems, and many physicians said some risk might be necessary when trying to help severely obese people. Drug manufacturers have said the results were inconclusive but that they did not recommend combining the drugs.