University Daily Kansan
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Professor Attacks Racial Prejudices
Errol Harris, distinguished professor of philosophy, pointed to racial discrimination in all its forms as a violation of the principles of respect for persons, last night.
Prof. Harris, in one of a series of lectures on Ethics and Society reminded the audience of approximately 100 persons, that when we state that we neither practice nor condone slavery we are basing our statement on an illusion.
"We must reject the use of slaves as human instruments. It is this that we condemn. Human beings should be treated as ends in themselves and not merely means," Prof. Harris said.
"Three questions arise in this area. If there is a duty to respect persons as such, what is the source of this duty and why should everyone be entitled to this respect?" Prof. Harris asked.
RESPECT FOR PERSONS can be based on three principles, according to Prof. Harris, "first, each and every person should be regarded as worthy of sympathetic concern.
"The answers to these questions demand an inquiry into the nature of our obligation. It is an antithesis between what you wish to do and what you must do. Inclination is never the source of obligation." Prof. Harris said.
"Secondly, no one should be regarded as merely a possession, an instrument or an obstacle. And lastly, persons should never be treated as merely expendable." Prof. Harris said.
"Moral obligation involves constraint which has no external threat of a penalty. Not doing it might cause greater pain than would be incurred if you had done it. It is not the fear of remorse that obligates you." he said.
"These are based on the belief that each person has intrinsic value or worth which may neither be ignored nor discounted," he said.
"HOW DO WE IDENTIFY its object or what makes a human being a person?
"What is this intrinsic value and what counts is it ascribed to all without distinction?"
"It is not difficult to see how a contrast can arise between what is desired and what is desirable for the society," he stressed. "Desires can come into mutual conflict and conflict the desires of others. If everyone gave free reign to desire, frustration would result.
"The source of moral obligation seems inevitably to be value and its realization. The question arises of what criterion we establish to determine which is the best action for society.
"MORAL GOOD CANNOT be determined merely by inclination. If it could be, there would be no morality or moral obligation," said.
"Whatever has value does so only as it contributes to the full realization of individual value. The pursuit of human welfare is a joint endeavor and can only be achieved through common action," he said.
"Man can reflect upon his experiences and can appreciate the circumstances in which desires conflict. Men restrain and order their desires so as to gain greater satisfaction on the whole. This results in an antithesis of inclination and duty," Prof. Harris said.
"The PRINCIPLES of respect apply to criminals and the mentally deficient as well. Intolerance is often seen for those involved in crime or who are the holders of religious or political views which conflict with your own. This at best is a failure of respect," Prof. Harris said.
"SOCIAL GOOD and individual good are dependent upon one another. The realization of common good is impossible without first determining individual good. The ultimate aim of the whole social life is the fullest possible satisfaction of the complete personality.
"Personality is defined by the adherence to rights and to duties. All persons must be respected for their potential contributions to society. This can never be accurately determined.
Mothers of World to be Honored; Holiday Dates From Ancient Time
By Harihar Krishnan
There is a saying in the old Vedas (scriptures) of India, where it is said: "The greatest duty that you have to perform in this world is towards your mother. Treat her with utmost reverence for in her is contained all the manifestations of the Omnipotent that controls your destiny."
Man has changed greatly since the above was said thousands of years ago. But what has not changed is the concept of motherhood that man to this day continues to respect.
One of the inexplicable realities of this life is the immeasurable quantity of a mother's fondness and affection towards her children. What more, then, can a son or a daughter do to keep his or her mother happy than by returning the same fondness and affection that she bestowed on them?
This is the day which has been set apart for special observance in honor of the home and motherhood. The object of the day is to recall memories of the mothers who have gone; to brighten the lives of those who remain; and to encourage men, women and children to honor their home and their parents.
ON SUNDAY MAY 9. Mother's Day will be celebrated almost the world over which every duti-
ful son and daughter will be looking forward to.
The history of Mother's Day goes back to the days of ancient Greece, when the custom of mother worship was common. Formal mother worship with ceremonies to Cybele and Rhea, "the great mothers of the gods", were performed on the Ides of March (the day, according to tradition, predicted as that of the murder of Julius Caesar) throughout Asia Minor.
CYBELE WAS THE GREATEST nature goddess of ancient Anatolia. She is also known as the Earth Mother, the Mountain Mother, the Idean Mother; at her reputedly original shrine at Pesinus, she was known as Agdistis, or Angdistis, from the rock Agdus on Mountain Dindymus.
Here she was worshiped under the form of a stone said to have fallen from heaven. This stone was taken to Rome, when her worship was inaugurated there. Traces of analogous worship have led to the opinion that the Great
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Mother was the chief deity of the pre-Hellenic times.
Rhea's oldest seat of worship was Crete, where in a cave placed on Mount Ida, she gave birth to Zeus. To hide this from Cronus her husband, she entrusted the child to Curetes. Similarly she entrusted Poseidon to the Teachines of Rhodes. Rhea was identified by the Greeks along with Cybele as deities of the great nature goddesses.
WITH THE COMING OF Christianity, this mother worship developed into worship of 'Mother Church', the celebration occurring on mid-Lent Sunday, when children returned home with gifts for parents, especially the mother.
The honor for the origination of Mother's Day belongs to Miss Anna Jarvis of Philadelphia. Her mother died in 1906.
On Sunday May 9, 1907, she told a friend, whom she had invited to remember with her the anniversary of the death of her mother, of her desire to dedicate a day to all mothers.
Before the next anniversary came, she had interested many individuals and organizations in the observance of the second Sunday in May as Mother's Day.
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