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University Daily Kansan
Friday, March 12, 1965
'America Needs Policy Change'
Ry Harihar Krishnan
In the wake of the present international situation, does America need to implement changes in its foreign policy?
Professors in the political science department stated their feelings on this question.
Prof. Herman Luian said, "One of the tragic factors in the American foreign policy has been the attempt to apply her concept of morality to international affairs.
"We have this absolute concept of morality and ethics, which formed the basis of the Truman Doctrine and the Dulles Theory; but we have not realized that if there is a kind of morality in this world, it certainly is not this kind of homespun morality," Prof. Lujan said.
Prof. Roy D. Laird said, "The basic fault in the U.S. foreign policy lies in the realm of its failure to understand that there is a world wide revolution; that the people of Asia, Africa, and Latin America are determined to enjoy the economic and political fruits of the twentieth century.
"The prime impetus has, therefore, passed from Moscow, London, and Washington," Prof. Laird said. "It now rests in Calcutta, Buenos Aires and so on. The basis of this world wide revolution is agrarian and we have failed to recognize this.
"The outcome of the Southeast Asian situation." Prof. Laird said, "will not be determined in the capitals, but in the Villages. We must revive our revolutionary spirit and begin to identify ourselves with the greater majority. This is the only way to continue positively in international affairs."
Prof. Laird continued, "We should be more careful in picking dictators in different countries. We were right in our original plan to pick Castro. Batista was no longer a viable leader in Cuba. But later on, for a variety of reasons, most of them through our own faults, Castro came to feel that extreme antagonism towards the U.S. Unless changes are made in our policy, there are going to be more Viet Nams and Cubas," he said.
Prof. Laird went on to say that a withdrawal or a change in the character of the present American and European ownership of extractive industries, must be effected. "If we continue in the predominance of ownership of these industries, combined with the growing poverty of the masses, communism will have a ready made revolutionary situation."
Asked what he felt about the present American policy, Prof. Klaus Pringsheim said, "As a result of the popularity which President Johnson has come to enjoy with the majority of the people, and the unanimous support he has been receiving lately from the Senate, it has become increasingly difficult to give criticisms on the government policies. By disagreeing with the stated policies, you either become a sort of a maverick, or possibly a disloyal person," he said.
"I feel the majority of the opinion leaders in the country are not exercising the function of constructive criticism of the government policies for the fear that they might become unpopular." Prof. Fringsheim said.
"A few weeks ago, some people did raise their voices, whereupon the President became extremely upset thinking that they were trying to twist his arm," he said. "Following this, each senator, one after the other, started lending his support to Johnson's policy of escalation in Viet Nam.
"The recent publication in one of the New York papers by Hanson Baldwin on the escalation policy, I feel, was a government instigated one." Prof. Pringsheim said. "Baldwin was asked by the government to publish this. Criticism of the U.S. policy is not possible. You cannot say anything, when you have a popular President," he said.
Prof. Pringsheim continued, "I have serious doubts about the decision that was made in the South Viet Nam issue. I will certainly applaud
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if the plan is successful, but in my heart I have definite doubts. Limited escalation of the Viet Nam war cannot lead to a victory either for the South Vietnamese or for the American forces. Yet, this is the policy."
The professors were asked to comment on what they felt about introducing changes in the foreign policy.
Prof. Lujan remarked, "Our policy in Europe should be to keep pushing the economic integration and at the same time maintain the military dominance. We got to be the England of the twentieth century.
"If we abdicate," Prof. Lujan said, "then France would come up, Germany would then follow, then Italy and so on. NATO is the only weapon that gives us a legitimate diplomatic entry into Europe.
"As regards France," Prof. Lujan said, "we have to make up our mind and recognize its political maturity. If she thinks she has the answer for the world problems, then we have to start thinking of ways of making a tool out of her.
"We have also to realize that, in many areas of international politics, we are still teenagers," he said. "We don't have the knowledge of world situation, as much as the British or the French."
Prof. Laird said, "Our trump card is the European Common Market. As regards the Berlin question, we have to realize that we cannot afford a German unification. We have always to be aware of the possibilities of a renewed German aggression. Our military presence in West Germany should be to keep a check on such a possibility, while at the same time keeping a watch on the Russians," he said.
Prof. Pringsheim said, "I have no quarrel with the policy of alliance with the like minded nations and the NATO powers, except that at the present time, it seems that NATO alliance is in the process of being destroyed. The reason, I believe, is because it has become necessary.
"The eagerness of France and Germany to continue their relationships with the U.S. has abated." he said.
"They don't need us any more, except to provide them with the nuclear umbrella. De Gaulle wants to kick Americans out of Europe and create an European system in which France will be dominant.
"I am afraid there is very little we can do about this," Prof. Fringesheim said, "except to be gracious about the inevitable change that is taking place. We can no longer play a dominant role in Europe. There is no use being bitter about France's dealing with Red China. We have to deal with these issues with utmost patience."
On the question of African policy, Prof. Laird said, "We must make our
disapproval of the South African regime more stringent, and start promoting the growth of a unification scheme in Africa."
Prof. Laird continued, "If you feel that South Africa can threaten us with their diamonds, you are wrong. We have enough supply of our own and we also have the know how of making synthetic diamonds.
"If we don't take a strong stand on the South African issue," he said. "I am afraid, we will soon witness a blood bath there. I hope the last think we ever do is to support the Pretoria government. The time bomb of South Africa is ticking fast and it is going to explode."
Prof. Lujan is of the opinion that the short range policy in Africa should be for its stability and the long range, to make it a world power.
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Prof. Pringsheim feels that the U.S. should continue its present policy in Africa, that of non-involvement. "We have always kept out of Africa and this is what we should continue to do."
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As regards Asian policy, Prof. Lujan said, "The U.S. should recognize Red China. We should start diplomatic relations with her and also start trade relations. We should also think of the possibility of lending aid to her, particularly wheat. This is what they need most," he said.
Discussing India going communist, Prof. Lujan said, "India will never become a communist nation. But at the same time we also have to recognize her need to maintain a socialistic democracy."
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About the Kashmir question, he said, "We should try to negotiate for a joint administration by the Indians and the Pakistani. Under no circumstances should we reduce the economic aid program to India, because this is vital."
German Lit Scholar At Humanities Series
An internationally-recognized literature scholar, who won an all-university award as "best teacher" at Indiana University, will present a Humanities Series lecture here Tuesday.
Dr. Henry H. H. Remak, professor of comparative and German literatures, will speak on "The Controversy in Comparative Literature" at 8 p.m. in Fraser Theater. The Faculty Club will give an informal reception following the lecture.
Lecture-goers may park in Lot Y—a half block south of the KU smokestack—and use a free shuttle bus to Fraser Hall and return.
AT 4:30 P.M. Monday, Dr. Remak will speak at a coffee-forum in the Forum Room of the Kansas Union, sponsored by Student Union Activities. His topic is "The Impact of Nationalism and Cosmopolitics on Comparative Literature."
During his visit to the KU campus, the Indiana scholar will speak to classes in German, French, and English literature, and will have luncheon on Monday with members of the American Association of University Professors (AAUP) executive committee; he has been an AAUP leader and served on the national council.
After a luncheon on Tuesday with staff members of the department of Germanic languages and literatures, he will discuss the Indiana program for the training of teachers.
AFTER EARLY EDUCATION in Germany and France, he received the M.A. at Indiana in philology and literature in 1937 and the Ph.D. at Chicago in German literature in 1947. He has been on the Indiana University staff since 1939 except for service in World War II.
He was visiting professor at Middlebury College, at the University of Lille, France, on a Fulbright fellowship, and at the University of Wisconsin. He has lectured in Europe at the universities in Lyons, Aix-Marseille, and Bordeaux, and in America at Illinois, Texas, Wisconsin, Hope College, and Marian College. He has several times been acting chairman of comparative and German literatures at Indiana.
In the Modern Language Association, he has been chairman of German and comparative literature sections and has presented several papers at MLA national meetings. He has been editor of the Yearbook of Comparative and General Literatures and has been on the executive councils of the International Comparative Literature Association and of the International Association of University Professors and Lecturers.
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