Alianza faces problems with birth control, land
Bu JOHN GANGI
Some of the participants in the seminar at KU examined problems as they currently exist in their countries.
Montes said, "In Chile birth control is a problem that pre-occupies all of the people. There is a great amount of abortion and the minister of Public Health is trying to facilitate distribution of contraceptive devices."
HE SAID, "We are reaching the point where we have to live up to the individual responsibilities of the family. We as educators should try to enlighten the conscience of the individual in order for him to make the right decision."
Antonio Gonzales Villeverde,
chairman of the department of
Spanish and literature, Trujillo
University, Trujillo, Peru, supports birth control measures and said that they are being worked with in various areas in his country.
Conclusion of a series
He said, "Officially the church is reserved, but on an individual basis many priests advise and even condense it in private and in public."
IN THE DOMINICAN Republic the population rate growth is 3.6 per cent, second only to Costa Rica.
Andres Aybar Nicholas, former rector of the oldest university in Latin America, National University of Santo Domingo, said, "The country is working for family planning and the church is not opposed."
The Roman Catholic Church has an enormous influence in Latin-America, on the subject of birth control and contraceptives.
Rev. Villalba said, "There is a lot of misunderstanding concerning the position of the church.
"THERE ARE different viewpoints. In Ecuador the priests are not solving the problem individually. Church doctrines are applied according to the individual circumstances."
He said, "The issue of pills is most attention getting, and the church in Ecuador is expecting a statement from the Pope."
Population growth also hinders the educational and economic progress of Latin-America where unconquered mountains, rivers, deserts and jungles create larger communication and transportation problems than both oceans.
"IN CHILE," said the Rev. Carlos Aldunate Lyon, rector of the University of the North, Antofagasta, Chile, "there is a real explosion in education."
He said, "The government is doing a wonderful job of building schools. The state schools are free as are many of the private schools."
But in Chile 90 per cent of the populace is literate.
Montes, also from Chile, agreed with Rev. Aldunate on the improvements made in Chincan education and said, "Illiteracy is due to a lack of financial support. We are slowly realizing that education is a means to prosperity."
GONZALEZ SAID, "In Peru this year 28 per cent of the national budget is being used for education." But this is an isolated example.
He said all educational institutions in Feru are free, but at his own university only 650 of 3500 applicants could be accepted."
Aybar said, "People believe in facts and not words. The common market must begin with an integration of education. Economic aid must be in the first instance to education — to higher education."
AND IN ECUADOR, "Education progress is one of the major concerns of the government. The government, church and university are resolved to progress and a reform program called 'alfebetization.'" Rev. Villalba said.
Other problems often associated with the rapid population growth are unemployment, an average per capita income that never exceeds $600 in any Latin-American country, and production rates that never exceed the population rate.
Agricultural reforms are the most widely used measures to combat and alleviate these problems.
"IN ECUADOR one big step has been taken in agrarian reform which calls for a redistribution of land, but more importantly better cultivation," Rev. Villalba said.
He said that through the United Nations and other world organizations the government is trying to promote agrarian cooperatives.
"Agrarian reform is underway in Peru, but it is meeting with some difficulty from the 'latifundia' (large land owners)." Gonzalez said.
He said everything is well planned and has only to overcome political obstacles.
AYBAR SAID, "In the Dominican Republic there are many agricultural reforms. There are two new agricultural schools. Land redistribution is also being tried."
Rev. Aldunate estimated that 80 per cent of the land in Chile, where the government has also redistributed land, cannot be cultivated.
He said a lack of equipment and more importantly a shortage of technical knowledge makes the reforms slow.
They all pointed out the need for educating the landowners so that production does not fail.
IT WAS EMPHASIZED that land redistribution is used to divide the land more equally and boost the economy, but since land is better cultivated in large tracts it can be extremely harmful to divide it up into many small portions.
Montes said to avoid this problem in Chile the government has set a maximum and minimum ownership law.
Tax reforms have been implemented throughout Latin-America, but even in Chile where tax reform has made the most progress wage taxes are collected at the end of the year instead of monthly or weekly.
THE GENERAL FEELING concerning the stability of Latin-American governments was best expressed by Gonzalez. He said, "We can never speak of stable governments in Latin-America, but in my country our government has come into an era of stability."
Rev. Aldumate said, "The larger countries must set a good example. They must show that prosperity lies in a constitutional government."
"But We're Getting Some Dandy Pictures Of What's On The Moon"
They all agreed that the common market was important to the development of Latin-America and Latin-America's future lies in education.
They all expressed a need for industrialization, and admitted that progress was slow.
Official Bulletin
Lecture, 8 p.m. Rectors from VIII Seminar. "El problema indigenista en el dscarrollo en países latinoamericanas." Javhawk Room. Union.
Classical Film, 7 & 9. p.m., "Great
Pictures Comedy," American,
Dyeh And,
Poetry Reading, 8 p.m. Richard Wilbur.
Pulitzer prize winning poet. Poet.
TODAY
Foreign Students: Ch-ck calendar in April issue Internal Campus N-wa-sa
Graduate Recital, 8 p.m. Jeanne-
te Rapp, pianist. Swarthout
Recital Hall
Lecture. 4 p.m. Simon Karinsky, U. of Calif. "Nobukov & Russian Literature." Meadowlark Room, Dufton
TOMORROW
Basil T. Church Memorial 'Dinner'
& Lectures, 6:30 p.m. FX-xxxx
630 East 28th Street Union
The Oswalds had a chaotic marriage-black eyes, beatings and savage arguments.
Slovenko believes certain matters must be considered if we are to gain a true understanding of why Oswald killed Kennedy.
Chaotic marriage
"Did Oswald learn basic trust from his mother? Were his childhood feelings transferred to his wife? What sort of destructive relationship was involved? Was his wife frustrating him? Did he turn his anger unto others
College Life, 9 p.m. Chater Me-
chelle, "Situation Affairs," Corbin
Hall
Slovenko:—
"Everything else in comparison is trivia." It doesn't matter whether Marina saw him with the gun that shot Kennedy the day before the assassination or how many shots were fired.
him away, only after she made it emphatically clear that she did not want him—only then did he reach for his gun. He was overpowered by a monstrous feeling of personal resentment and a blind craving for revenge . . . It triggered the catastrophe—a firestorm ignited in Oswald's head on the evening of Thursday, Nov. 21, 1963."
Daily Kansan editorial page ednesday, April 28. 1967
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Continued from page 1
From childhood, Oswald was paranoid, craveting for vengeance.
"Marina denied him all the commitments of the marriage contract, and vice versa. He must have been a very angry, hostile person.
"Legally there wasn't a conspiracy with Marina. But psychologically?
"Marina was not the actor. She was not committing any conspiracy in a legal sense of the word, but in every marriage there is an interaction, and other people feel the effects. The public is searching for an appreciation and understanding of what happened. A psychodynamics explanation bears most cogency."
Marina got sympathy
Marina received sympathy and financial contributions; some people gave more money to her than they did to the Kennedy library. Another man married her, perhaps out of pity. After a few insignificant questions from the Warren Commission, it was decided that Marina deserved privacy.
"Why? Because every woman benefits from the transfer of a man's feelings toward his mother. Every woman is regarded like a mother and treated with gentleness.
"If we say she is entitled to a private life, we are not going to be able to examine this case dynamically and gain a full appreciation of why Oswald behaved as he did. This case is too much a public matter—it involves the assassination of the President of the United States. She is now a public figure."
Slovenko—a professor at KU and at the Menninger Foundation in Topeka—has a law degree, master's in philosophy and Ph.D. in psychodynamics from Tulane University. He is editor of the American Lecture Series on Behavioral Science and Law. His most recent book, "Crime Law and Corrections," has a forward by Jim Garrison. Slovenko's other credentials and accomplishments fill half a page of print.
How could it happen?
how could it happen?
"Whenever there is a loss," Slovenko continued, "it's necessary to go through a mourning period. To be able to work it through, people have to come to terms in their own minds about
how this could have happened."
This is why critics of the Warren Commission Report are receiving attention. The world is mourning and will continue to mourn "until it can rationalize this irrational act."
"The Warren Commission report fails to discuss the psychodynamics of the case. The criminal law traditionally has not been concerned with motivations—it has been concerned with the act and not the actor—and for that reason we do not see cases developed from all dimensions. Indeed, the most important, the most potent dimensions, are omitted."
Report easy to criticize
The Warren Report is also easy to criticize because all the testimony was published—something which is not done in a court opinion. Courts usually cite only those facts in the testimony which support their opinion or ruling.
Not even in the simplest trials does all the testimony support the court's decision. It's like the classic psychology experiment where a person rushes into a classroom and pretends to shoot someone: Few members of the class agree on exactly what happened.
"The court's written opinion does not include all of the testimony; the court thereby protects itself from criticism."
A desire to make sense of the assassination prompts discussion of a possible legal conspiracy. But no one will be "satisfied with a statement that maybe Oswald talked to this guy at a party or that guy at a bar. That could not motivate or push him to kill. He couldn't form a relationship with other people."
Oswald "ignored. unliked"
It's a case of an angry man who couldn't get along with others and so he took out his vengeance on the President.
Many of the witnesses in Garrison's New Orleans conspiracy investigation are a lot like Oswald: "Ignored, unliked nonentities."
"They came into the limelight and now everybody is paying attention to them."
Eut this—like the details of ewitness accounts—is "trivia."
"Does it really matter whether the assassin pulled the trigger with his right finger, or his left toe? Or whether he had a chit-chat with some other nonentity?"
"To ruminate about these things is to fiddle around and to detract our attention from more important issues. What is 'the inside story?' The cogent things to consider are: What drives people, what pushes them, and what do we do about people—like Oswald—who was spotted in his early life as a very troubled person. He was ignored, unattended to, and the result is that he became troublesome for everyone else. John Donne was right when he said: 'No man is an island unto himself.'"
The point is not in the tangle of witnesses, for that can be expected; it is rather in the intertwining of lives shown by the assassination, where Oswald's disturbed personal relationships affected everyone—the President and the country.
Lee Harvey Oswald never had a fine morning; his tortured morning in November 1983 has poisoned the mornings of all of us since.
THE UNIVERSITY DAILY kansan Serving KU for 77 of its 101 Years
Serving KU for 77 of its 101 Years
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