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THE UNIVERSITY DAILY KANSAN
Friday, May 17, 1968
Integration 'make or break' nears
ATLANTA — (UPI)— Fourteen years after the Supreme Court's historic school integration ruling on May 17, 1954, 80 per cent of the South's Negro children are still untouched by the edict and the nation has reached a "cross-roadss."
Persons closely involved with school integration say the "make or break" hour is fast approaching—that either success will come rapidly in the next few years, or the whole idea will be substantially scrapped.
Some progress has been made, and the way has been paved for more since the court decreed that separate black and white education is "inherently unequal." But the moving forces have been federal money and court orders, not morals.
The pace, says Morehouse College President Emeritus Benjamin E. Mays, the man who delivered the eulogy at the funeral of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., has been "exceedingly slow."
"It will move faster—it has been moving faster each year," says Mays. "But at the current rate it would take about one hundred years to complete the job."
Four professors write on Indians
Several KU professors are contributors to a new book, "The American Indian Today," published by Everett Edwards, Inc., educational book publisher in De land, Fla.
James A. Clifton, associate professor of anthropology, wrote the chapter on "Factional Conflict and the Indian Community: The Prairie Potawatomi Case."
Stuart Levine, associate professor of American studies, is coeditor, and contributed the first chapter, "The Survival of Indian Identity."
Murray L. and Rosalie H. Wax, professors in sociology and anthropology, wrote "Indian Education for What?"
The book is an enlargement of a special issue of the Mid-Continent American Studies Journal of which Levine is editor.
Summer school enrollment set
James K. Hitt, KU registrar, has released the following enrollment schedule for summer school on June 7.
The letter schedule indicates the earliest time a student may enter the Kansas Union for enrollment
H, I, J, K ... 8:30 a.m.
L, M, N ... 9:30 a.m.
O, P, Q, R, S-So ... 10:30 a.m.
Sp-Sz, T, U, V, W,
X, Y, Z ... 1:30 p.m.
A, B, C ... 2:30 p.m.
D, E, F, G ... 3:30 p.m.
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The Civil Rights Act of 1964 provided the single most effective enforcement tool to date by prohibiting federal funds to any school group which discriminates racially.
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But this threat is also in question. Can the Department of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW) really cut off education funds en masse for the schools that need them most?
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"Next year is going to make or break the federal approach to desegregation with the Civil Rights Act. There must either be a substantial change or the policy is going to fail."
"We have put our standards on the line," said one HEW official, who preferred not to be named. "Eliminate dual school systems by 1969 or risk cutoff of funds."
But when asked whether Congress and the people accept this, he predicted:
"There has been more actual progress in school desegregation since the 1964 Civil Rights Act than from 1954 to 1965," said Paul Rilling, director of the regional office of civil rights in Atlanta.
The official federal view is that the breakthrough will come. Unofficially, there is fear that if it doesn't, the nation will retreat from the issue.
"Yet most Negro children have not been touched by the act," he said. "We are just scratching the surface—just beginning to get the job done."
HEW statistics show the rate of Negro students attending previously white schools in 1964 was about 2 per cent. In 1965, when the law took effect, the rate rose to 6 per cent, and in 1966, it doubled to 12 per cent.
Federal officials have not yet released figures for the current
year, but some suspect there will be a slowdown and the percentage will be about 15.
As of May 3, HEW officials terminated all federal education aid to 98 school districts in the 17 Southern and border states. It also noted that 52 systems formerly cut off have changed their ways and got the money again.
In the Southeast states, 144 of 1,493 districts have eliminated dual systems, according to the HEW.
"The law should be the same for everyone," says a federal spokesman. "But the law has not been the same." He explained
that the Civil Rights Act gives no authority over "de facto" segregation—the kind that occurs by accident of housing or other reasons.
The act pertains only to segregation by law or by design, such as once prevailed in the South. The difference in the legal backgrounds of the two areas fostered the difference in the treatment under the law today.
"The courts have been unwilling to say that de facto segregation is a violation of the Constitution," said a HEW official. "So we are ineffective in fighting it at the federal level."
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