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THE UNIVERSITY DAILY KANSAN
Tuesday, May 7, 1968
Political parties grew from domestic problems
(Editor's note: This is the third of a three part series exploring political differences and their effects on the presidency, Congress and public policy making.)
By Arnold B. Sawlislak
WASHINGTON —(UPI)— The Democratic and Republican parties of today grew out of domestic problems that beset the United States a century ago.
Most of those issues were settled long ago. The biggest one, whether the nation's sovereignty resided in the states or in the federal government, was decided in a war at a cost of 500,000 lives. The national government was victorious.
But the Civil War did not settle the question of distribution of power between federal and state governments. That remains one of the basic differences today between Democrats and Republicans, liberals and conservatives.
The dominant Democratic faction has taken the liberal position in recent years in favor of a more powerful and active federal government. The Republicans for the most part have supported retention by state and local governments of their traditional powers.
Those positions represent a turnabout. The early Republicans supported a strong central government; the Democrats saw themselves as inheritors of Jefferson's adage that "the least government is the best government."
The industrial revolution changed things. The Republicans had entrenched themselves among farmers and businessmen of the industrial North. The Democrats retained control in the South, largely because of the memory of Civil War Republicans trying to push former slaves into full citizenship.
That left new immigrant wage-earners in the North without a party—and the Democrats went after them. A common concern of Democrats, North and South, was the machinations of northern bankers and industrialists against both the farmers and the working class.
Discord
The new Democratic coalition eventually gave the party national control, but it also planted the seeds of bitter discord.
The trouble started when the Democrats began applying to Negroes their formula of couring "have not" voters. The party struggled to stay together, but in its effort to find compromise on the emerging race issue it could elect only one President in the first 32 years of the 20th Century.
The Republicans, loathe to abandon a winning formula, held fast to their state power bastions and squelched their own "progressive" factions, led by such men as the Theodore Roosevelt and Robert LaFollette Sr.
But the GOP bubble burst with the economy in the late 1920s, and the liberal Democrats swept to power. Behind Franklin D. Roosevelt, the liberals pushed the federal government full throttle into economic and social reform.
This faction has controlled the national party since 1932 and has
held the White House in all but eight of those years.
In that time, the factions of the two parties began to develop generally as "presidential" and "congressional" wings. The liberals of both parties usually were associated with the presidential wings, which in large part have the national nominating machinery.
The Republican liberals could not beat Roosevelt or Harry S. Truman, but finally broke through with Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Richard M. Nixon, with some concessions to the eastern liberal wing, followed, but lost to John F. Kennedy.
Then the conservative GOP congressional wing seized the nomination for Barry M. Goldwater and the voters responded by giving a landslide victory to Lyndon B. Johnson, who had been his own party's conservative hope in 1960. In 1964, however, Johnson had no trouble rallying both
factions of his party behind the image of his fallen predecessor.
During the struggles for the White House, conservatives of both parties entrenched themselves in the congressional leadership.
Southern Democrats who had held their seats during the party's long eclipse deferred to FDR in the panicky days of the Depression, but by the middle of his second term they revolted. The conservative coalition—old-line northern Republicans and southern Democrats—stopped the New Deal cold.
The fantastic population shifts of the mid-20th century have helped change the characteristics of congressional leadership in recent years.
Some key committees in both the House and Senate have come under liberal control—and with that change has come a surge of social welfare legislation that once would have been smothered without ceremony.
Retiring faculty are honored
Nearly 250 people paid tribute to ten retiring KU staff members at the University Retirement Dinner in the Kansas Union Ballroom Monday.
Chancellor W. Clarke Wescoe presented certificates of appreciation to the ten, whose combined service to KU represents 325 years.
Receiving certificates were: Hazel Anderson, law librarian; Ernest F. Bayles, professor of education; Natalie Calderwood, professor of English; Carroll Clark, professor of sociology; Merrel D.
Salisbury reports again submitted for Pulitzer
The Nation, a weekly journal of opinion, disclosed Monday that it had resubmitted Harrison E. Salisbury's reports from North Vietnam for the Pulitzer Prize in journalism this year.
Last year, the editors of The New York Times nominated Mr. Salisbury, an assistant managing editor of the paper, for the international reporting award for dispatches based on his visit to North Vietnam from Dec. 23, 1966, to Jan. 7, 1967.
The Pulitzer jury for international reporting recommended, 4 to 1, that the prize be given to Mr. Salisbury. But the advisory board, in a 6 to 5 vote, rejected this recommendation.
The following week The Nation editorialized that the advisory board's action made it necessary to resubmit Mr. Salisbury's reports this year. In an editorial entitled "Salisbury in '68," published on Mav 15. 1967. The Nation said:
"Not that they deserve it, but the establishmentmentarians who control the distribution of Pulitzer Prizes may get a chance to redeem themselves for having withheld the award that the journalism jury so properly, indeed—almost inevitably—bestowed on Harrison E. Salisbury.
"It happens that his series from North Vietnam was published in The New York Times from late in December, 1966, until well into January, 1967; it is thus as eligible for consideration in 1968 as it was in 1967."
The press of the country, supporting one of its most distinguished members, should demand in advance that this time there be "no tampering" with the jury's decision, the editorial said, adding:
"It is absurd to submit a man's work to a jury of his peers, only to have their opinion cast out by men who know little and care less about professional criteria, but who are set trembling by every draft in this windy nation."
Official Bulletin
Personnel Officers Seminar. All Day. Kansas Union.
TODAY
Ph.D. Final Examination. 10:30 a.m.
London. English. Room 119
Carruth-O-Leary
Ph.D. Final Examination. 1:30 p.m.
443. The University, Botany Room. 443.
Snow Hall.
Latin American Seminar on Higher
Education 2 p.m.
Forum Room, Kansas Union.
Symposium. 2:30 p.m. "The Role of Music and The University." Dr. Norman Dello Jolo. Swarthworth Recital Hall.
Archaeology and Classics Collo-
llege University of Missouri, Missouri 65107
University of Missouri, Missouri 65107
Ph.D. Final Examination. 3 p.m.
Snow Hall, Botany. Botany 443,
Snow Hall.
rh.D. Final Examination. 3 p.m.
Room 300, Murphy Hall.
Room 300, Murphy Hall.
University Senate. 3:30 p.m.
Swarthout Recital Hall.
Jayhawk Rodeo Club. 7:30 p.m.
Jayhawk Union
Clubb, professor of English; Raymond Eastwood, professor of drawing and painting; Maude Elliott, assistant professor of Spanish; Arthur C. "Dutch" Lonborg, associate professor of physical education and manager of athletic events; and Ralph Ring, instructor of graphics.
Theatre Research Colloquium. 3.30 p.m. Dr George Woodyard; 341 Mur-
r
Christian Science Organization. 7.30 p.m.
p.m. Jestimony meeting. Dan-
ing Church
Linguistics Colloquium 7.30 p.m.
Perlaia Price, Yolanda Faurol. 188
Fachs
A. I.A. Lecture. 7:30 p.m. "The Influence of Archaeology on Architecture in the 18th and Early 19th Centuries." Dr. Ouspand, Overby, 426 Lindley.
Symposium. 8 p.m. Choral Music Concert. University Theatre.
Clyde Hyder, professor of English, was unable to attend the dinner.
WEDNESDAY
Ph.D. Final Examination. 10 a.m.
A.A. Department of Education. Room 202,
Ballary Hall.
Ph.D. Final Examination. 1 p.m.
p.m. 10th Avenue, Education. 1 p.m.
18th Hall, Hall.
Personnel Officers Seminar. All Day. Kansas Union.
Ph.D. Final Examination 10 a.m.
Douglas Guess, Education. Hodder
Ph.D. Final Examination. 3:30 p.m.
Dahlström, Education. Room 112,
Ballard Hall
Poetry at Potter Lake. 4 p.m. Laurence Lieberman If wet. 426 Lindle Lidden.
Day Camp fund gets $1,000 push
Ellsworth Hall residents voted Monday night to donate $1,000 to the Lawrence Day Camp fund.
Dialog Deviation, 7 p.m. University
Lithia Church
Classical Film. 7 & 9 p.m. The 400
Biofilm France. 1959. Kansas Union
Union Law.
McCarthy Rally. 7:30 p.m. Filim:
"Road to Jerusalem." Speaker: A national McCarthy staff member.
Westminster Center, 1204 Oread.
The Lawrence Day Camp will provide recreational and educational opportunities this summer for about 200 children five to fifteen years of age who come primarily from low-income families.
Lesterian Church.
Carillon Recital. 7 p.m. Albert Ger-
kern.
Ernie Bauer, Clay Center sophomore and president of Elsworth Hall, said the $1,000 would be drawn from the hall's social fund which has been accumulating over the past three years.
Queen correction
Candy Cantrell, Yates Center junior and queen of the Sigma Chi Derby Day is a member of Kappa Kappa Gamma sorority and not Gamma Phi Beta as was incorrectly reported in Monday's Kansan.
Each floor in the hall voted in favor of the donation after a representative from the Lawrence Day Camp explained the function of the program to hall members Monday evening.
about the Treasures for Mother
at
For that "something special" for a "special Mother" you'll be delighted with the vast selection of very special gift ideas, all destined to please the most discriminating tastes. Be it a wee gift or an elaborate one, you are assured it will reflect your good taste and please her. You'll want to enclose one of the clever Mother's Day Cards also from
(across from the Granada)
presents
"Good-by America"
SWAEBOU CONATEH: Student from Gambia, Africa speaks on the adjustment problem of the foreign student in American society.
Thursday, May 9th
4:30—Meadowlark Room Kansas Union