Space Efforts Open Way To Better Life on Earth
Though the space age is less than five years old, it already is producing tools and techniques of practical value to earthlings.
Since October 1957, when the Russians launched the first man-made satellite, more than 90 research and exploration vehicles have been shot into orbit around the earth. By early June, 1962, the United States had put up 72, in contrast to the known Soviet score of 21. Thirty-four American spacecraft were still in orbit, to five of the U.S.S.R.
The Russians' development of greater rocket thrust has made it possible for them to send up heavier space vehicles. But America's initial handicap in weight-lifting power proved a blessing in disguise. It forced her scientists to turn to the art of miniaturization.
By making tiny versions of scientific instruments, the United States has been able to pack complex research equipment into small satellites and launch them by dozens, says the National Geographic Society.
Spinning and beeping around the earth, the electronic messengers send back information on space phenomena that is opening new horizons in weather forecasting, world communications, and sea and air navigation.
THE TROS series of weather satellites transmits television pictures of cloud patterns and other atmospheric data that help meteorologists discover and track dangerous storms. Advance warnings of hurricanes and typhoons so traced already have saved lives and untold millions of dollars in property damage.
Even modest advances in more accurate long-range weather predictions will bring obvious benefits to farmers, resort owners, vacationists, builders, sponsors of fairs, sports events, and similar community gatherings.
No less exciting are the communications satellites. These are coming into being just in time to relieve growing traffic on conventional channels.
America's balloon-type pioneer, Echo I, proved that space-based stations can send transmissions over vast ocean barriers. With launching scheduled soon for Echo II — plus Telstar, Relay, and other "active" satellites that amplify and retransmit signals — the old dream of a
global communications network approaches reality.
In ten years, say space enthusiasts, satellites will relay intercontinental telephone and telegraph messages, extend radio and TV. In time they may transmit "instant mail" and daily newspapers.
Transit satellites are being harnessed to improve navigation, the National Geographic says. To learn his position, a navigator can tune in on a Transit orbiting 400 miles up, beyond weather caprice. Since the orbit path is known, the relationship between the satellite and ship, submarine, or plane can be quickly computed.
SEVERAL successful launches have shown what Transit can do. In five years, it is predicted, navigators everywhere will have at their disposal the most precise location-finder in history.
Medical equipment for hospitals, tools for industry, conveniences in the home—these and many other indirect benefits from space research are now either in actual use or considered within reach.
Dencate sensor systems, such as monitor astronauts' heartbeats in flight, have been installed in several hospitals to alert nurses to changes in critically ill patients.
Victims of strokes have been able to walk and work again by wearing space-type pressure suits designed to keep blood circulation normal under stress. Ultra-fast dental drilling is possible because of pinpoint-size ball bearings developed for satellites.
HEARING HAS been restored to deaf persons by surgical implant of a tiny electronic device from space miniaturization research. An artificial larynx adapted from small satellite batteries helps people regain speech.
The magic of laser — short for "light amplification by stimulated emissions of radiation" — offers surgeons a beam of light sharper and stronger than any scalpel. It already has been successfully used in eye operations.
Laser light is straight out of science fiction. The fierce, narrow beam is a million times brighter than the sun, powerful enough to cut diamonds. Flashed to the moon experimentally, it may some day carry sound and TV. It is called a potential "death ray" for war. As a de-
20 High School Teachers to KU Radiation Biology Institute
Twenty junior and senior high school science teachers are participating in the 1962 Summer Institute in Radiation Biology at KU.
The eight-week session which began June 11 is planned to improve the subject-matter competence of teachers and to strengthen their capacity to motivate high school students to select careers in nuclear science.
A $19,000 grant from the National Science Foundation and funds from the Atomic Energy Commission support the institute. Included in the NSF grant are individual stipends of $75 a week, plus dependents' and travel allowances.
Jet Age Report Cards
Besides providing institute operating expenses, the AEC grant provides a set of radiation detection instruments and accessory materials
GLEN RIDGE, N. J. - (UPI) High school and junior high school are getting automated report cards.
Instead of writing out report cards in long hand—the time-honored system—Glen Ridge teachers keep students' grades on a roster listing. The data supplied by the teachers is transcribed on a key punch-key verifier machine at the Automatic Data Processing plant in East Paterson, N. J.
A sick zebu is bad off. No zebu doctors.
Each of the institute participants is enrolled in three courses. Biological and physical foundations of radiation biology, and principles of the mode of action of ionizing radiations are emphasized. Laboratory experience in the use of radiation detection equipment and in radioactive isotope tracer technique also is provided.
to each member of the institute who successfully completes the program. The instruments are for classroom use in the school where the participant teaches.
K. U. faculty members and guest scientists are teachers in the program. Edward I. Shaw, associate professor of radiation biophysics at KU. is director.
The institute is housed in the recently completed Nuclear Reactor Center.
fense weapon, it is believed capable of destroying oncoming intercontinental ballistic missiles.
But pleasant tasks for laser and other marbles loom in mundane industry, the National Geographic Society points out. New consumer goods and technologies will owe much to space needs for light, resistant materials, and small, efficient power systems.
KU have received a $4,528 grant from the U.S. Public Health Service to continue and expand its one-year-old, experimental training program in psychiatric nursing.
The grant, about $1,000 larger than last year's will provide a stipend for a second year of study in the program by Mrs. Ruth Pendleton Camp, former assistant professor of nursing at the KU Medical Center. Mrs. Camp also held the training fellowship last year.
$4,528 Grant KU Receives
The remainder of the grant will be used for future planning and development of the program, designed for Ph.D. candidates interested in mental health research, especially in the field of psychiatric nursing. Charles K. Warriner, chairman-designate of the sociology and anthropology department, and director of the program, said additional training grants would be requested next year and new courses would be added to the study.
Summer Session Kansan Page 5
Graduate Student Receives Award
William A. Moss, Ontario, Canada graduate student, has been awarded a $250 study grant by the Society of Sigma Xi and its associated organization, the Scientific Research Society of America.
The award is to assist his study of the external and internal morphology, taxonomy, and behavior of the trombidid mite moss.
The award was made through the chairman of RESA, Harlow Shapely. In making the award, he said that "Sigma Xi and RESA each year make a number of grants to the most promising scientists at critical points in their research careers. We recognize that many needs are relatively too small for the large foundations to consider and it is to meet these needs that our research funds are maintained."
NEW YORK — (UPI) — The New York Mets of the National League have orange and blue as the club colors—the orange borrowed from the departed Giants and the blue from the Dodgers.
Hometown Colors
Friday. July 6, 1962
Chemicals May Cure Childhood Deficiencies
BOSTON — (UPI) — A noted neurochemist says chemical injections may be able to cure mental and physical deficiencies in children.
Dr. L. Lahunt Uzman, named today to head a new department of neurology at the Children's Hospital medical center here, said the key to the cure and prevention of some mental and physical abnormalities lies in the ability of doctors to change the chemistry of the child.
"We seek to take this lost material, the mentally deficient and abnormal, out of society's waste-basket to make them useful," he said.
Uzman, 38, a native of Istanbul, Turkey, said an injection or other "outside interference" to change the chemical constitution and correct "nature's mistake" must be made before a child reaches chemical maturity, usually when he is 4 or 5 years old but sometimes as much as 11 years old.
"DURING THIS God-given period of grace we can interfere to change any imbalance, possibly cure an abnormality and eliminate any further need of medical interference," he said. This "interference" could be done even before the child is born
"We have in the past reversed
Silent Tracks
NEW YORK — (UPI) The New York Central Railroad has started a campaign to eliminate the "clickety-clack" noise made by trains rolling along its tracks.
The road will install its first 150 miles of silent track this year by "pressure welding" individual rails into continuous unbroken strings.
Unbeaten at Saratoga
SARATOGA, N. Y. — (UPI) — War Admiral, son of Man O' War and Triple Crown winner in 1937, never lost a race at Saratoga, winning all four starts in major stakes races here in 1938.
some diseases and abnormalities and there is reason to believe further progress can be made," he said.
Included in Uzman's list for attack were cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, paralytic poliomyelitis, epilepsy, mental retardation, congenital malformations, hereditary brain and spinal cord disorders, and brain tumors.
Uzman estimated that of the 4.5 million babies born next year, 250,000 would have congenital neurological diseases, most of them incurable.
"The annual loss of manpower, not counting care, treatment and other factors, due to neurological diseases, is greater than the combined loss caused by the atomic bombs at Hiroshima and Nagasaki," Uzman said.
"A minor, subtle change in molecules in childhood could result in major grotesqueness in adulthood," he said.
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