Ability to Detect Blasts Questioned
Page 7
WASHINGTON — (UPI) — The speed with which word got around here that France had conducted a new underground nuclear test has prompted questions as to whether this country can detect small clandestine explosions after all.
Preliminary evidence, at least, is that it cannot. Indications are that the incident standing by itself has no particular significance in the effort to achieve a nuclear test ban. But it has stirred considerable speculation here and abroad.
INTEREST IN how public word of the blast became known here first is particularly high because U.S. negotiators at the Geneva test ban talks with Russia have insisted there is no effective method for detecting such blasts.
It is on this argument that the United States has based its insistence on the need for an air-tight inspection system to enforce any test ban. Russia will have none of this. The result has been three years of stalemate.
First word of the French test came out of Washington over the weekend with no explanation as to how it was obtained. The French government confirmed the shot Monday but gave no details, saying merely that it had been conducted underground on May 1.
BUT THE PARIS newspaper Le Monde said the test was of "weak average power" and that it was held at the French testing grounds in the Algerian Sahara. The low power of the device, as described by Le Monde, would tend to minimize chances that it was detected by U.S. scisomic devices.
If so, it would seem the information must have been obtained through intelligence sources.
The Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) offered no help in the matter. A spokesman said the agency had not made any announcement regarding the explosion and therefore had no comment.
NEVERTHELESS, a great deal is known of what is involved in detecting nuclear explosions underground as well as in the atmosphere
The joint Congressional Committee on Atomic Energy reported last month that "no material progress"
had been made in almost three years of research for an effective method of detecting underground tests.
The committee said "some promising avenues of investigation" had opened up which might "prove out in the next few years." But it said there was nothing to justify modification of previous views regarding the difficulty of detecting and identifying underground explosions of a force less than 20 kilotons (20,000 tons TNT equivalent).
A NEWLY PUBLISHED edition of "The Effects of Nuclear Weapons" issued by the Defense Department and the AEC explains various detection methods employed by the United States.
The book says the most positive indication that a nuclear explosion has occurred in the atmosphere is provided by the identification of radioactive debris collected by filters carried by aircraft or located at ground stations.
Nuclear explosions occurring underground or beneath the water produce seismic waves, or waves similar to those caused by earthquakes. If strong enough, they can be detected by seismic instruments.
THE PROBLEM is to distinguish between the signals produced by a subsurface explosion and those from earthquakes, some thousands of which occur in varying degrees each year.
year.
At one time some hope was held that underground explosions might yield detectable electromagnetic signals. Experiments at the Nevada testing grounds showed that such methods were unlikely to be effective beyond 30 miles.
In the light of available evidence, an underground explosion apparently would have to equal more than 20,000 tons of TNT to be detected by seismic devices.
AN EXPLOSION OF LESS than 20,000 tons TNT equivalent in an area of few seismic disturbances, such as the Algerian Sahara, and in a small hole in the ground might be detected and identified.
But this apparently would not significantly affect the American contention that there is as yet no effective method for detecting clandestine underground tests.
Owl Society Initiates Twenty New Members
Twenty sophomore men were initiated yesterday into Owl Society, junior men's honorary society, after they spent some time hooting from a perch on a tree in front of Flint Hall. Hooting between classes is a traditional part of the Owl Society informal initiation.
John Bumgarner, Tulsa, Okla;
Robert H. Cathey, Shawnee Mission;
Larry R. Gamble, Pittsburg; Harry Gibson, Kansas City; Robert I. Guenthern, Augusta; Bruce D. Hall,
Coffeyville; Jerry Harper, Wichita;
Fred Kennedy, Leawood.
The new initiates are:
Carl Logan, Holliday; Reuben McCornack, Abilene; John Middleton,
Kansas City, Mo; Breen Mitchell,
Salina; Robert Moutrie, Greendale,
Mo; Nick Paris, Leawood; Carl
Peck, Concordia; Gary Alan Smith,
Kansas City
David Stinson, Lawrence; Thomas W. Tatlock, Wichita; Frank W. Thompson, Jr., Iola, and Randolph Williams, Blackwell, Okla.
Other officers are: Larry Gamble, secretary; John Middleton, treasurer, and Thomas Tatlock, vice president.
Cathey was elected president of the organization.
The Owl Society membership is based on participation in student activities, leadership, character and scholarship.
WASHINGTON — (UPI) — Harvey J. Brudner, the New Jersey physicist who hired the first Negro sent North by the New Orleans Citizens Council, was held today in District of Columbia hospital for mental observation.
KENTUCKY FRIED CHICKEN
"it's finger lickin' good"
Medical Developments, Inc., the Ft. Lee, N.J., firm of which Brudner is President, recently hired Louis Bovd as a $100-a-week handyman.
Brudner was admitted to the hospital Tuesday after he jumped in a policeman's car and demanded to see the President. According to Secret Service Agent Robert Bouck, Brudner told White House guards, "I am the most informed scientist in the United States. I can save the world."
Boyd and his wife and eight children were the first Negroes to accept the New Orleans Citizens Council's offer of a bus ticket and $5 to leave the Louisiana city and go North.
The hospital reported Brudner's condition as "satisfactory," but declined to give further details. According to Bouck, Brudner was arrested in Miami Beach, Fla., March 11 after attempting to see President Kennedy, but was released the same day.
Driver Education Scholarship Given
Dinner – plus cole slaw $1.25
Tub – 15 pieces, 5 hot rolls $3.50
Barrel – 25 pieces, 10 hot rolls $5.00
Bold 'Savior Hospitalized
A $2,000 scholarship has been presented to the KU Endowment Association by the All-State Foundation.
The money will be used by the KU Extension for scholarships to the two courses for high school teachers of driver education. The courses will be conducted during the summer session.
University Daily Kansan
BIG BUY
The $2,000 will be divided into 20 scholarships of from $55 to $150.
In the decade that All-State had made possible the KU summer program for training high school driving and safety instructors about 200 teachers have been qualified. They have trained about 16,000 high school drivers.
E. A. McFarland, of the KU Extension said, "Research has proved that graduates of driver training courses are safer drivers.
"A conservative estimate is that for every $1 spent on driver education $2 are quickly returned in economic loss prevented, not to mention the injuries and suffering avoided," he said.
The basic driver education instructors course will be June 4-30 and the advanced course will be July 2-14.
Friday. May 11. 1962
By Arthur J. Dommen
Refugees from China Pouring into Hong Kong
HONG KONG — (UPI) — Hundreds of refugees from Communist China, hard hit by food shortages, have been pouring into this already crowded colony and the exodus shows no signs of abating.
According to all available information, refugees from Red China are streaming into Hong Kong at the rate of several hundred per day despite efforts by local police to stop them along the 14-mile-long border separating the colony from China.
Reports from residents of the border area said truckloads of refugees were being taken back by Hong Kong police to two border crossing points for deportation.
SO GREAT HAS the exodus become that authorities here have been forced to set up a temporary refugee center for those caught while crossing the border.
REFUGEES at the center were receiving bowls of rice, meat, fish, and vegetables at the center before being taken back to the border for return to Red China.
the government has so far declined to make official comment on the number of persons detained or deported, but a source close to the Hong Kong police said that from Friday until late Monday "several
Those who made it safely into the colony face almost immediate deportation unless they have Hong Kong entry visas, and few do.
The temporary refugee center has been set up at a police training camp at Fanling, a village about three miles inside the Hong Kong border.
Charles Anderson, Osage City senior, was elected Greek co-chairman and Nancy Lane, Hoisington sophomore, was elected independent co-chairman of University Party yesterday.
Anderson, Lane New UP Leaders
Independent; Greg Swartz, Overland Park freshman; Jim Jackson, Kansas City senior; Hollis Cross, Kansas City, Mo. junior; Max Logan, Holliday junior, and Michael Miner, Lawrence freshman.
Those elected to the UP campus committee, the steering committee of the general assembly, were:
Greek: Lee Ayres, Wichita Sophomore; Robert Cathey, Shawnee Mission sophomore; Chales Patterson, Rockford, Ill. senior; Charles Whitman, Shawnee Mission sophomore, and Sandra Bornholdt, LaCrosse sophomore.
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Recent arrivals, however, have told of Communist guards turning their backs on escapees.
Most of the refugees at the collecting center appeared hungry, dirty and unshaven. Some said they had been hiding in the hills near the border before they were captured by police.
UP TO LAST YEAR, the Hong Kong-Red Chinese border has been heavily guarded by Red Chinese authorities. There have been many instances as late as a year ago where would-be escapees were shot down or tracked down with the help of dogs.
A favorite crossing place along the border is Shataukok. The border runs right through the village. There is no high wire fence to mark the border through the village.
ROTC Cadets Honor Ceremonies Today
EMPLOYMENT SERVICE 1115 Grand, Suite 225, Shukert Bldg.
Kansas City, Mo.
thousand" refugees have been rounded up by patrols combing the border areas.
Thirty University of Kansas ROTC cadets of the Army, Navy and Air Force will be honored in ceremonies at 4:00 p.m. today in Memorial Stadium.
General Charles R. Roderick, a 1937 University of Kansas Law School graduate, will take part in ceremonies in which the cadets will be presented local and national awards for military achievement, leadership and academic excellence. Gen. Roderick is presently serving in Washington, D.C., as Deputy Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Legislative Affairs.
If You Have Educated Ears
STEREO
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BARN RIVER FROM THE GARDEN OF BREAKFAST AT ITARYNS'
OVER AND OVER RAIN FROM THE MIDNIGHT 'BILLY ROSE JUMBO'
SPLENDER IN THE GRASS FROM THE WINDOW 'BILLY ROSE JUMBO'
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ELCID FROM THE MIDNIGHT 'RING OF KINGS'
STATE FAN FROM THE MIDNIGHT 'STATE FAN'
JUROB BEING A GIRL FROM THE MIDNIGHT 'FLOWER DRUM GRUN'
THE FOUR HORSESMAN FROM THE APACHEKULA 'THE FOUR HORSESMAN'
MAIN Them From LIGHT IN THE PIZZA FROM THE MIDNIGHT 'PIZZA'
TOO LATE BLUES FROM THE MOON'S TOO LATE BLUES
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