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Summer Session Kansan
Tuesday, July 28, 1964
Egypt Desert Has Water— Underground
CAIRO—(UPI)—Buried far below Egypt's western desert is a vast lake, stretching for hundreds of miles, that holds a water supply good for at least 200 years, and perhaps indefinitely.
Egypt is now beginning to use that water in a land reclamation scheme potentially as important as the Aswan High Dam. If all goes as planned, the country will put 2 million acres of desert under cultivation in this region and about 400,-000 persons will find a new home there.
THERE IS NO target date for completion. After more than three years' work, only 36,000 acres have been reclaimed and the immediate goal is 42,000 acres by the end of 1965.
The cost, including housing and other allowances for settlers, is tremendous: more than $1.5 billion, or 1½ times the cost of the high dam, which also is expected to add two million acres to Egypt's meager land resources.
The area is known as the New Valley. It lies 100 miles or more west of the Nile, with its extremities roughly parallel to Aswan in the south and Cairo in the north, a distance of more than 500 miles.
For centuries the valley has contained five large oases supporting a population of about 50,000. The Egyptian plan is to link these oases into one long, fertile green belt.
AT PRESENT LAND reclamation is confined to the two southernmost oases, Kharga and Dakhla. Egyptians have drilled 196 wells in the area, producing 600,000 cubic meters of water daily.
The Romans who conquered Egypt 2,000 years ago had the same idea. Nearly 1,000 wells that they dug still produce 300,000 cubic meters each day. Ruins of two Roman temples stand amid the modern well rigs and fields of rice and wheat.
Two American engineers, C. D Kent and Ralph Fry, are providing technical assistance to the New Valley project under the U.S. foreign aid program, and most of the drilling rigs are American-made. Russians, Germans, French, Italians and Yugoslavs also are employed, along with 3.650 Egyptians.
HOW THE LAKE into which they are drilling came to be under the desert still is a mystery to geologists.
One theory is that the water has been around since the early ice age, when Egypt had no deserts and rainfall was abundant.
But the most popular belief at the moment is that the water seeped into Egypt underground all the way from two neighboring countries to the south, Sudan and Chad, which still have huge rainfalls in their jungles.
A study made in 1940 showed it would take at least 50,000 years for water to travel from the nearest rainfall areas in the Sudan in this manner.
NO ONE KNOWS exactly how much water is in the lakes. One estimate is that 1.28 billion cubic meters of water could be withdrawn each year for 200 years. Other scientists calculate that 17 billion cubic meters of water are filtering into the lake each year, and thus that much could be withdrawn indefinitely.
The biggest problem for Egypt in the current project is to persuade peasants of the Nile Valley, who are not adventuresome people, to move out into the New Valley.
To lend encouragement, the government provides each family with a free house, cow, donkey, chickens, water, seed and five feddams (5.19 acres) of land. After one year, the family pays the government five pounds (14 dollars) a month.
MODERN ASPHALT highways, date, brick and ice factories, a movie theater and hospitals have been built in the New Valley.
Wheat, alfalfa, beans and rice now are being grown. But the desert is still oppressively near, the heat in summer is intense and the peasants are not enthusiastic.
Scenery, Restaurants Captivate KU Students
University of Kansas students are participating this summer in the German Summer Language Institute, Holzkirchen, Germany. Here is the first report to parents from these students:
Greetings from Holzkirchen! Here, with a marvelous view of the Bavarian Alps and at an altitude of approximately 2,000 feet, the German Summer Language Institute opened on Monday. June 15.
The students are in good health and high spirits, and are already quartered with their German families who have been looking forward to this occasion for a long time.
You may be sure that, even though the students may be too busy to write detailed letters about their experiences here we have taken it upon ourselves to make sure that they are comfortable with their foster parents.
YOU MAY HAVE already received at least a postcard about our most pleasant journey into the heart of Europe, but these few lines may give you some more details.
After an uneventful flight to Brussels, we took our bus to Aachen, and for the first time we noticed the extraordinary ability of our driver, Willi, to negotiate European traffic. Aachen, the first seat of Charlemagne and the site of the Battle of the Bulge, was the first German city that most of the students had ever seen. They were not only enchanted with the Cathedral, but also with the shops, restaurants, and winding streets of this very ancient town.
THE NEXT MORNING we made the short jaunt to Cologne and were guided about the city by a most interesting student, who had spent some time in the states, and who pointed out the most striking contrasts between the old and the new: the Cathedral and the Ford plant, the Bath of Dionysos and the single suspension St. Severinus-Bridge.
That evening in Bonn we were received by the "Inter Nations" and had our first real contact with German students on German soil. The next morning it was Beethovenhaus, Palais Schaumberg, Parliament Building, University and on to Koblenz.
To our great good fortune our whole trip was accompanied by a heat wave and that was particularly important on our boat trip on the Rhine from Koblenz to Bingen. None of the romantic castles were shrouded in fog; the "Loreley" was visible for miles, and the "Mouse Tower" did not have to serve as a light house!
THE SAME EVENING in Mainz
Social Psychology Grants Awarded
Highly prized fellowships of the United States Public Health Service have been awarded to three graduate students in social psychology at the University of Kansas.
GOLDSTEIN WAS a scholarship student at Grinnell College, where he was graduated in 1961. He held a U.S. Public Health Service traineeship for three years at KU, where he received the M.A. in October 1963. His Ph.D. dissertation will deal with the formation and maintenance of relationships and friendships.
Joel William Goldstein, Highland Park, Ill., will hold a first-year fellowship; Roland Reboussin, Williamsburg, Va., a second-year (renewal), and Edwin P. Willems, Hillsboro, third-year (renewal). All are in Ph.D. programs.
Willems, a 1954 graduate of Hillsboro High School, received the A.B. from Bethel College in 1960 and the M.A. from KU in June, 1963.
His doctoral work is being conducted at the Midwest Project in Oskaloosa. The project is a field study of naturally occurring behavior of children as they live in their community.
Reboussin, also a Public Health Service trainee for three years, received the M.A. from KU in June. 1963. His doctoral dissertation is an investigation of how persons form first impressions of others. He is a 1956 honors graduate of Swarthmore College.
the chairman of the Department of American Studies, together with a group of German students and some KU exchange students, entertained us so well that we arrived very late in a little village near Mainz where we stayed overnight. Next morning—Mainzer Dom, Paulskirche Frankfurt am., Romer, Goethehaus.
We had lunch in two very famous student restaurants: "Roter Ochse" and "Seppl," right out of the "Student Prince!" After meandering about the castle of Heidelberg we
made our way through the Odenwald to the health resort Miltenberg, where we had a refreshing swim in the Main and where we spent the night. The next day we visited the Residenz at Wurzburg, lunched at the fortress Marienburg and pursued the Romantische Strasse to Rothenburg, where we walked on top of the old city wall, sang songs with a German fraternity and strolled through the romantic streets of this almost perfectly preserved medieval German town.
SUNDAY MORNING: Dinkelsbuhl. Nordlingen, Donauworth, Augsburg—ancient German towns, associated with very early German history. At 5 p.m. we arrived in Holzkirchen by way of Munich and had a warm reception by the mayor and some of the townpeople. Right now we are so busy with our courses that our first trip seems like a dream. But as soon as we have taken our midterm examinations and are ready for another trip to Switzerland, you will hear more from us.
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