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Summer Session Kansan
Russia Celebrated, U.S. Foresaw Disaster As Settlement Ended Indochina War in '54
By Gerald S. Snyder United Press, International
At Geneva's Hotel Metropole that July, the order of the day was caviar, Crimean champagne, vodka and pickled walnuts.
But while the Russians wined and dined to celebrate the end of the Indochina war on July 21, 1954, the sentiment in Washington was less injilant.
"One of the great Communist victories of the present decade," said Republican leader William F. Knowland, of the agreement that divided Viet Nam into two zones on either side of the 17th parallel, a Communist north and a free south.
"A TRAGIC LOSS," other observers called it. And "a stunning if not surprising reversal" . . . "the best of a bad bargain." Military analyst Hanson W. Baldwin of the New York Times summed it up then when he said the peace signed 10 years ago today was really no peace at all—just "the least unsatisfactory of many unsatisfactory alternatives."
Last week, as the 10th anniversary of the peace signing approached, Viet Cong Communist guerrillas
from the north stormed out of dense jungle in the Mekong River delta and poured their fire into another group trying to make another peace.
Three American officers and 16 Vietnamese were killed in the raid, pushing the U.S. death toll since Jan. 1, 1961, when the American build-up began, to more than 250.
TO DATE, SINCE the second Indochina war began early in 1947, the fighting has spread to the point where casualties have run into the thousands. This year the U.S. will pump in some $50 million in its military and economic commitment to South Viet Nam. And the situation is steadily growing more critical.
How did things get this way, Americans may ask now—10 years after the first seven-and-a-half-year-long battle for Indochina ended?
At Geneva on July 21, 1954, the United States, Britain, France, Russia and Red China, among others, attended. Gen. Walter Bedell Smith, then under secretary of state, expressed general U.S. satisfaction at the end of hostilities in the war
that had been bleeding France.
"WE SHARE the fervent hope of millions throughout the world that an important step has been taken toward a lasting peace in Southeast Asia, which will establish the right of the peoples of that area to determine their own future," he said.
But the U.S. did not subscribe to the final declaration of the conference concerning a partitioned Viet Nam, and it warned that it would view "any renewal of the aggression in violation of the Geneva agreements with grave concern as seriously threatening international peace and security."
President Dwight D. Eisenhower explained that the U.S. did not like many of the features in the agreement but said then that "a great deal depends on how they work in practice."
IN PRACTICE, the agreement was never fully followed. The Communists did not withdraw as called for under the treaty arrangements. And guerrilla infiltration, subversion and outright aggression spurred
And guerrilla infiltration, subversion and outright aggression spurred the second Indochina war.
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