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University Daily Kansan Friday, May 8, 1964
Financial Problem
Many students now attending the University might not be able to get in if they had to start over.
U. S. News and World Report points out that applicants are exceeding the space necessary to educate them. High grades and good entrance scores may not be enough for entry any more; Amherst only took one-sixth of its applicants this year and rejected 90 valedictorians.
MORE THAN 50 per cent of high school graduates now enter college. The percentage of high school graduates hoping for college education continues to increase, rising even faster than the percentage of the population reaching college age.
State universities are limiting the percentage of out-of-state students.
What does this cause?
Smaller colleges are getting more attention.
JUNIOR COLLEGES and community colleges increasingly publicly supported—are getting much more attention. They will serve as filters for the larger four-year institutions, weeding out those who can't make the grade at a big school before those students try (and fail).
While college attendance is expanding, a bill now in Congress might help the financially unable to pursue their education if they have the mental ability.
a million students at relatively low federal cost.
SENATE BILL 2490, sponsored by Sen. Vance Hartke (D., Ind.) presents a program balanced between loans, scholarships and student employment. Hartke says it will provide for more than
The bill has four parts:
1) a program of four-year undergraduate scholarships to entering college freshmen. Grants up to $1,000 will be awarded on basis of need, academic promise and high school record.
2) INCREASED student loans would be provided by raising the loan limit of the National Defense Education Act from $1,000 to $1,500 for undergraduates and from $2,000 to $2,500 for graduate students.
3) Loans to full-time students making satisfactory academic progress would be insured. Loans so insured would be limited to $2,000 per academic year to any one borrower, up to $10,000 total. Repayments could be extended for a 10-year period following graduation.
4) A STUDENT work-study program would enhance student employment opportunities while contributing both to the college and the student's education. These would be in the form of research, public service, internships, and assistantships.
BOOK REVIEWS
Educational opportunities are broadening, but increasingly the intellectually capable will be favored over those merely financially capable. And bills such as Sen. Hartke's, if passed, will allow these students greater opportunity for academic pursuits free from financial worry.
The Daily Texan
PAINTED VEILS, by James Gibbons Huneker (Premier Classics, 50 cents).
Premier has added a book to the series that includes such titles as "The Damnation of Theron Ware," "Main-Travelled Roads" and "Together." It is a little known book, written by a distinguished American critic, and it was published originally in 1920 in a small limited edition for private circulation.
One critic viewed the book as "the literary turnstile into the libertine, hard-drinking, wisecracking early 20th-century New York." The book, a short one, is about a beautiful woman who corrupted everything she touched.
Van Wyck Brooks wrote the introduction for the novel.
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THE MEN WHO ROBBED BRINK'S, told by Specs O'Keele to Bob Considine (Crest, 50 cents).
Who is Specs O'Keefe? He is one of the ringleaders in the crime. Who is Bob Considine? He is an old-time Hearst writer who goes for splashy epics like this one. If you don't know what Brink's was, well, you're too young too care.
This was what some people like to call the crime of the century, and it is described in entertaining yet documentary fashion in this book.
THE BRAIN WATCHERS, by Martin L. Gross (Signet, 75 cents).
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This new paperback volume deals with the psychological testing industry and what the author views as its effects on the lives of millions of job-seekers. In writing his story, Gross attempts to trace "brain-watching" historically, from man's curiosity about other men to the monster machines that look into the minds and motivations of many of us today.
Martin L. Gross has written for several magazines and studied social science at both CCNY and Columbia University. "The Brain Watchers" must be interpreted as a strong critical blast at what Gross sees as one more invasion of man.
Brazil-A Land Of Hope and Despair
By Vinay Kothari
"OBA." This Portuguese expression has been uttered very often by tourists in Brazil. Meaning: WOW.
Brazil, fifth largest country in size, eighth in population and 11th in gross domestic product, comes as a surprise to most non-Brazilians. The country, large as the United States minus Alaska, covers almost half of the South American continent.
THE NAME BRAZIL comes from a reddish wood greatly prized by early colonists for dye. The nation, whose shape resembles a third finger diamond ring, has 4,889 miles of coast line on the Atlantic Ocean. Its boundaries include approximately 2,676 miles from north to south and 2,694 miles from east to west.
Surrounded by its neighbors — Venezuela, Dutch, British and French Guiana in the North; Uruguay, Argentina and Paraguay in the South; the Atlantic Ocean in the East, and Bolivia, Peru and Colombia in the West — Brazil is added in its natural beauty by the great heavily wooded basin of the Amazon, which rises in the Peruvian Andes and empties into the Atlantic at the Equator.
IT IS NOT THE MISSISSIPPI or Ganges waters that provide a facility for navigation in Brazil; it is the Amazon River that is navigable for only 1,700 miles, the extent of its course in Brazilian territory. Brazil has about 30,000 miles of navigable waterways.
The Brazil's Niagara is the majestic falls of the Iguassu on the border of Parana, a southern state. Like Niagara, Iguassu is considered one of the natural wonders of the world. The flatness of the ground is reduced in Brazil by the two tallest mountains, Pico da Bandeira, 9,483 feet, and Roraima, 9,433, on the Venezuela-Guillania border.
THE REPUBLIC OF BRAZIL, made up of 21 states, five territories, and a federal district, has only three major cities—Brasilia, Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo. All these three cities have characteristics of American cities. They have Chicago's and New York's slums and poverty. They have Kansas City's shacks and Diesel fumes. Their streets, like those of Detroit, are blocked with construction and, at one corner after another, they have shops with automobile tires, seat covers and chrome accessories.
they explode for another day. Their streets become busy with noise and traffic. From one end of the city to the other, the ululations of street vendors, hawkers, beggars, and chloric motorists rise to a shrill crescendo."
"There is never a time when these cities are really quiet," states Look magazine. "Very like New York and Chicago, there are only those few fleeting moments when the noise level falls down. But again
SAO PAULO, BRAZIL'S largest city, already has passed the 3,700,-000 mark and surpassed Buenos Aires as the largest city in South America. The city is the industrial and economic center of Brazil.
Brasilia, the capital, has attracted many politicians and foreigners from all over the world. Brasilia is slightly larger than Topeka in population.
But the best-known city of Brazil is Rio de Janeiro, the former capital. Known for its seaport and resorts, Rio attracts hundreds of people every year, especially in hot weather. Rio's shadows of the striking monuments and the glare of its brilliant beaches represent a winter picture of Miami, Fla. Covered with beautiful and modern skyscrapers and luxuries, Rio is the home of more than 3,300,000 people.
THE WEATHER OF Brazil is neither too cold in winter, nor too hot in summer. The weather is mild in most areas, except in the Amazon Basin. There the weather is hot and wet. It is subtropical in the highlands. The monsoon is only in the south during the months of October and Mav.
The worst problem area of Brazil is the region of sugar cane plantations on the northeast coast near the city of Recife. Nature is the most cruel in this seven-state region as big as Venezuela, where one Brazilian in four lives. The climate is very dry. The region doesn't have enough water for fertilization of crops. It rains very rarely there, and when it rains, little moisture remains. Only four out of 100 drops of rain soak into the soil. The land in this area resembles the Arizona desert. Food and water get shorter every day.
PEOPLE OF THE northeast are very poor and hard workers. They live with their big families in small huts. They are uneducated and unfed. Despite hard work, they have to worry for each meal. Their chief foods are beans and manioc flour. There are no good facilities available for education and medication. It is not uncommon to find only one or two medical doctors and one or two primary and secondary schools within an area of 200 miles. Four out of 10 babies die before they are a year old. The work is not enough for the people. Poverty in this region is a major cause of
alcoholism and laziness.
SOMETIMES THIS POVERTY becomes so unbearable that people leave their homes and go to big cities with a hope for a new and better life. People are moving constantly from rural communities to urban communities. They are running away from the hardship of farming and agriculture. Two decades ago, 70 per cent of the working population was in agriculture, but now only 58 per cent.
BUT THE URBAN life is better and more prosperous than the rural life. For example, life in Rio is easy and more advanced. The unemployment percentage is very low. People do not have to work hard like northeast farmers and laborers.
Cariocas, as the people of Rio are called, are quite different from rural workers. They are singular and exciting. Life for them is not a challenge. Life for them is to enjoy, not to complain. Each carioca lives as well as he can, and doesn't miss what he doesn't have. And work for them is a matter of choice, not a necessity. Look magazine points out that the question of work in Rio depends upon three questions: "Is it a good day for an outing at the beach? How soon is carnival? And is there a futebol game somewhere, either to play in or to watch?" (Traditional carnivals are big events for most Brazilians.) And if answers to these questions are affirmative, Cariocas don't work. This doesn't mean that they don't work at all. They work, when they must. When they do, they work well.
THE LIFE OF A BRAZILIAN as a whole is far better than the life of most Asians. Brazil has better economic future for her people. The nation raises beef and a vast quantity of manioc, corn, rice, beans, potatoes, black peppers, etc.
Gems are among the resources that make Brazil potentially one of the earth's richest nations. Brazil's principal resources are iron ore, manganese and coal. Nearly a fourth of the world's iron reserves are in the mining state of Minas Gerais, the bulk of it awaiting the miner's pick.
Brazil's industrial revolution has been able to transfer her rural economy, specializing in the production of a few tropical agricultural commodities for export, into a recognizable industrial economy. The industry appears to have attained enough size and a sufficient degree of internal diversification to set the nation on the course of self-
industry supports about 13 per cent of its people in its chemicals, textiles, steel, and machinery divisions.
THE COUNTRY IS ADVANCING so fast in its industrial system that the system already has fulfilled about 70 per cent demand of the nation for industrial equipment, particularly for heavy electrical machinery, machine tools and oil country gear.
The nation is considered underdeveloped because of its annual income per capita. The 1962 figure of annual income per capita was equivalent to $380, which is only a seventh of that of the United States and which is not much more than twice the average prevailing in other underdeveloped countries.
Brazil is a melting pot of races. Most of the people are mixtures of Indian, Negro and European stock. An average Brazilian has brown skin; but it's not difficult to find some people with white and black skin. History presents a record of descendants of Portuguese colonists, of the Indians they subjugated, and of slaves from Africa, Europe, Japan, and the Middle East have sent their tides of immigrants.
Brazilians more or less resemble Asians. They are neither as tall as Americans, nor are they as short as Chinese. The women are beautiful. It's their belief in themselves — as sensual, attractive and, above all, feminine beings—that makes women more beautiful, says Look magazine. Unlike most European and American women, they don't have the desire to compete with men.
THE ONLY PORTUGUESE- speaking country in South America, where freedom of worship is guaranteed. Brazil is predominantly Roman Catholic. Religion is not a big issue in Brazil.
Despite compulsory and free primary education, illiteracy is high. Facilities for higher education are not as good as in the United States. There are more than 500 universities, including the University of Brazil and three Catholic universities.
The United States is not the only nation where military training is compulsory. In Brazil all males between the ages of 18 and 45 are obliged to take six years of military duties, one year of service in the first line and five years in the reserve, under the selective service system. Brazil has the strongest air force in South America, and is equipped with American-built planes.
The history of Brazil goes back to the early 16th century when it was actually discovered by Pedro Alvarez Cabral, a Portuguese navigator. Developed as a Portuguese colony, Brazil transferred the seat of government to Rio in 1808. The kingdom then was given to Dom Joao VI. On Sept. 7, 1822, the independence of the country was proclaimed by Pedro I, who was acclaimed emperor Oct. 12, 1822. A revolution that drove away the second emperor, Pedro II, from the throne established Brazil as a republic on Nov. 15, 1889. Since then Brazil has been called the United States of Brazil.
Dailij Irfansan
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NEWS DEPARTMENT
Mike Miller ... Managing Editor
EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT
Tom Conman Editorial Editor
Vinay Kothari and Margaret Hughes Assistant Editorial Editors
sustained economic growth. The Bob Brooks Business Manager
Editorial Editor
BUSINESS DEPARTMENT