Page 2
University Daily Kansan Tuesday, April 21, 1964
Theoretically, a Laughing-stock:
Shriver
R. Sargent Shriver spoke yesterday as one who sees the world as a series of outposts where small victories are being won against cynicism.
Shriver was not a word-mouther, nor fervent to the point of being feverish. He was, rather, an ex-Chicago businessman who, by accident of marriage to the late president's sister, became the molder of an idealistic program . . . a program which also was to double as a Cold War weapon against the Reds.
Still, he spoke as a person with militant zeal, with a sort of vision. Standing in his stylish suit, he recalled a Missouri farm boy and a Chicago Jew who died together in Africa . . . a brawny Yank in Thailand . . . a school teacher in Togo tutoring the president.
Cocky, brash—this was also part of Shriver. "We did what we set out to do," was his main theme as he reviewed the Peace Corps accomplishments during the last three years. The Corps had proved the scoffers wrong,
Shriver said, and he seemed to take particular pleasure in that.
Shriver, it seemed, had a near electric effect on his audience in Hoch Auditorium. "He got to everyone in there," reflected a professor afterwards.
Given the popular beliefs about American collegiates, it is strange that a man with Shriver's message should be so well-received on campus. Strange, even, that he was not a laughing-stock.
He was in effect, peddling two years of hardship and self-sacrifice, promising poor living conditions and negligible pay.
You hear it everywhere that American youth responds to a house in suburbia, the promise of two TV sets, a lighted patio and a new car.
Strange that a man with such a message should be well-received here . . . an exbusinessman who spoke of small victories won over cynicism.
Tom Coffman
Part Two, Minority Rights:
Federal Legislation
Rick Mabbutt
Negro leaders and civil rights advocates have turned to Congress in an effort to end white discrimination in the economic sphere, particularly in the area of equal employment opportunities.
In the past, Congress has been reluctant to extend federal power into this sector of society. Most action in this area has been in the form of presidential executive orders, which are limited to activities supported by federal funds.
Now Congress is using the "commerce" clause (Art. 1, Sec. 8), which gives it the power to regulate commerce and other internal affairs of the country, and Sec. I of the 14th Amendment, which gives equal protection of the law to all citizens, as the legal basis for legislation of equal employment opportunities
Truman
THE HOUSE-PASSED civil rights bill presently being debated in the Senate contains a section aimed specifically at ending discrimination in employment.
Title VII of the proposed law forbids labor unions and employers of 25 or more workers from discriminating in hiring or admitting to membership workers on the basis of race, creed, religion, color, national origin, or ancestry. The bill provides equal opportunities for employment and advancement for all government employees. It forbids discrimination in apprenticeship or other training programs sponsored by the federal government.
A hotly disputed portion of the bill would create an Equal Employment Opportunities Commission to investigate alleged discriminatory practices and to make recommendations to Congress for corrective legislation in this area.
Title VII of the civil rights bill is greater in scope than any previous federal action. Below is a summary of the significant federal action since 1933:
1933: THE UNEMPLOYMENT Relief Act provided "that in employing citizens for the purpose of this Act no discrimination shall be made on account of race, color, or creed."
1939: The Hatch Act stated that "it shall be unlawful . . . to deprive
"It shall be unlawful . . . to deprive . . . any person or any employment . . . made possible by any Act of Congress appropriating funds for work relief purposes, on account of race, creed, color, or any political activity . . ."
World War II years: The Civilian Pilot Training Act of 1939, the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940, the Act of Oct. 9, 1940, providing for the training and education of defense workers, and the Nurse Training Act of 1943 all contained non-discrimination clauses.
1940: Executive Order 8587 amended the Civil Service rules to include a proscription against racial discrimination in governmental employment. The Ramspeck Act of the same year repeated this prohibition.
1941: Faced with a threatened Negro march on Washington, President Roosevelt issued Executive Order 8802 on June 25, establishing a five-man Fair Employment Practices Committee. This was an independent, advisory agency charged with providing for the "full and equitable participation of all workers in defense industries without discrimination because of race, creed, color, or national origin."
THE ORDER WAS BROAD in scope and applied to employment by the federal government, to all defense contracts, and to vocational and training programs administered by federal agencies.
Disputes arising from complaints filed against a group of railroads and rail union's led to the suspension of the committee's operations early in 1943.
1943: President Roosevelt issuea Executive Order 946 on May 27. It established a Fair Employment Practices Committee with expanded provisions for "voluntary" enforcement. Its jurisdiction included all employment by government contractors, whether or not engaged in "defense work," recruitment and training for war production, federal employment, and discrimination in union membership. The committee ended its activities on June 28, 1946.
1948: ON JULY 26, President Truman issued Executive Order 9380 establishing a Fair Employment Board within the Civil Service Commission to secure "fair employment throughout the federal establishment, without discrimination because of race, color, religion, or national origin."
1551: President Truman issued a series of executive orders directing certain government agencies to include non-discrimination clauses in their procurement contracts. Executive Order 10308 established an 11-member Committee on Government Contract Compliance which terminated with the end of the Truman administration.
1953: President Eisenhower issued Executive Order 10479 establishing the President's Committee on Government Contracts to act in an advisory and consultative capacity on the national non-discrimination policy.
Eisenhower
1555: PRESIDENT EISENHOWER's Executive Order 10590 created the President's Committee on Government Employment Policy as an interdepartmental agency outside the Civil Service Commission.
1961: President Kennedy's Executive Order 10925 abolished the presidential committees and the committees on government contracts. It created the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity. Another Order, No. 11114, in June of 1963, extended the committee's power to apply to construction projects carried out through federal grants or loans to state and local governments and to private organizations.
"And Remember, I'm Guaranteed For Life. No Other Doctor-President Can Make That Claim!"
Communist Schism Is Week's Big Story
When a college food riot gains status as the No. I story in the Kansas City Star, you begin to wonder if the passing week represented a lull as far as news goes.
And, no doubt the week was quiet as most weeks go in these turbulent times. After all, many persons were racing against a deadline to complete their income tax returns.
But closer examination reveals there was plenty of news last week. And most of it concerned the growing schism between China and Russia and Premier Khrushchev.
One of the wildest stories of the week concerned a report that Khrushchev had died. But this story, which caused a sensation around the world was erroneous and a West German news agency—Deutsche Presse Agentur (DPA)—apologized for circulating the report.
Nikita Khrushchev was very much alive four days later, when he celebrated his 70th birthday. An informal summit meeting of the Soviet bloc—leaders of Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Mongolia and Poland — gathered for the birthday party.
The celebration involved more of a discussion of the growing Sino-Soviet split than a birthday. John Hightower, Associated Press analyst, wrote, "The raging quarrel between Soviet and Chinese Communist leaders appears now to be moving rapidly toward a formal break which the Soviets apparently wish to avoid but the Chinese may be determined to force."
Khrushchev said in a speech at a Polish-Russian friendship meeting that the Chinese Communists "have created serious difficulties for the world Communist movement and placed it on the verge of split."
Preston Grover. Moscow correspondent for the Associated Press, said the battle between the Chinese and Russians consists of two main points:
- **"The battle between Russia and China is a battle for the third world — Asia, Africa and Latin America. It is reported . . . that Premier Khrushchev holds this view."**
- The battle between the two is a battle for Communist leadership itself, with China's challenge already shaking the movement apart."
L
Bigger Bombs
In the United States, there also was a split. It stemmed from testimony by Gen. Curtis E. LeMay in which the Air Force chief of staff said Russia had narrowed the gap of U.S. military superiority and that the United States should develop a 100-megaton nuclear bomb,
Dr. Harold Brown, Pentagon director of research, refuted the statements about the 100-megaton bomb, saying "it does not seem at this time to make sense to do such development."
The Defense Department issued a statement which stressed "the increasing military superiority of the United States." Defense Secretary McNamara said intelligence estimates were used because he wanted to eliminate any "myth" about declining U.S. military superiority,
The Pentagon statement emphasized U.S. military superiority with its 540 strategic bombers, 750 balistic missiles, 192 Polaris missiles and its nuclear-powered Polaris submarines.
Sen. Barry Goldwater kept the dispute stirred up by accusing President Johnson and McNamara of letting American power "lag and slide. Unless the defense policies of this administration are changed," he said, "we will face a deterrent gap through which the full force of advanced Soviet weapons may be felt."
By week's end, the split seemed to lessen—at least in the open. And, in another development of military nature, President Johnson said at a press conference that a study would be undertaken which could result in elimination of the draft in the 1970s.
The President spoke of a need for some of the resources now devoted to national security to be used "on better society and a greater society."
Presidential Race
The presidential primary merrygo-round took another turn last week. Even though Sen. Margaret Chase Smith got 26 per cent of the vote, most Republican leaders interpreted Goldwater's victory in Illinois (64 per cent of the vote) as a sign the Arizona senator could still capture the Republican nomination this summer.
The number of delegates committed to Goldwater on the first ballot grew over the weekend. Six-
(Continued on page 3)