New China Policy Urged by Expert
A specialist in Far Eastern affairs concluded a lecture on Communist China's foreign policy by stating that the United States must try to "complicate the decision-making policies of that authoritarian state."
Prof. Robert A. Scalapino, chairman of the political science department at the University of California at Berkeley, yesterday said "once you complicate decision making processes, you complicate the pure simplicity with which Communist China wants to view the world."
Tuesday, April 21, 1964
PROF, SCALAPINO, author of numerous magazine articles, coauthor of the Conlon report on Eastern Foreign policy, and editor of "Asian Survey," a magazine dealing with contemporary political developments in Far Eastern political affairs, was sponsored in a University Lecture by the KU political science department.
Discussing the non-recognition policy of the United States toward Communist China, Prof. Scalapino said, "We're in an uncomfortable position where there are no short-run gains and where there are long-run hazards in a policy change.
"The Chinese communists feel our policy is a losing one. They like it just as it is because it is serving them best. If we change our Chinese policy, we would have to recognize just one China.
"THEYWOULD rather have us isolated from our allies and the neutral nations with a policy that no one else will follow. They are not going to change their policy toward us, so we must build some complexities in their policy making as they have done to us," he said.
The first involves the correct tactics for success in the Communist movement.
The Chinese communists are in a paradoxical position, Prof Scalapino said. They have to follow a tough line "ideologically," but pragmatically, "they are not about to challenge us militarily, at least for a decade or more."
"THE ISSUE OF communist tactics and strategy for victory is the big issue between Russian and Communist China." Prof. Scalapino said. "Russia thinks in terms of economic, political and military competition with the United States—nation to nation competition. The Chinese think in terms of unfolding the world revolution."
Discussing the Sino-Soviet split, Prof. Scalapino said there were three basic underlying issues on which the Soviets and the Chinese communists disagreed.
The argument is over who is following the true Marxist-Leninism policy, Prof. Scalapino said.
The second issue of Sino-Soviet disagreement is over the organization and decision-making of the movement, Prof. Scalapino said.
"THEY FACE THE same problems we do . . . the nation state can no longer function alone. Power at the end of this century will be held by clusters of states on a supranational level. The struggle for a supranational organ of communist states is being lost at the present time, because of the ideological conflict," Prof. Scalapino said.
Prof. Scalapino said that for eight months, Communist China has instructed its revolutionary groups to struggle everywhere for the control of the communist movement, and the movement is being fragmented. Fragments are emerging as two different communist parties where there was only one, he said.
THE CHINESE TACTIC is to categorize the leadership of both the United States and Russia as "big power chauvinism," oblivious to the needs of small countries, he said.
The third issue concerns economic and technical assistance to one's allies. Russia has rejected the advancement of the communist countries on the same level by withdrawing economic aid to keep them in line with Moscow, Prof. Scalapino said.
"Communist China is now determined to build a third force in the world, and assume leadership over the peasantry. . . Chinese committments to Asia and Africa will be considerable in the next decade," Prof. Scalapino said.
Daily Hansan
Lawrence, Kansas
Senate Attempts Curb On Civil Rights Debate
WASHINGTON — (UPI) — Senate leaders maneuvered today to tighten the reins on speech-making and quicken the pace of debate on the civil rights bill.
Democratic whip Hubert H. Humphrey, Minn., planned to renew his demand for stricter enforcement of the rule allowing a senator two speeches on each issue. A lively floor fight could develop from his action.
Humphrey tried unsuccessfully to force the two-speech rule last night and prevent Sen. George A. Smathers (D-Fla), from speaking against the House-approved bill.
SMATHERS PROTESTED HUMPHREY'S attempt to enforce the rule. Humphrey finally gave up when Republican leader Everett M. Dirksen, Ill., suggested that Smathers had been given insufficient notice of the crackdown.
Strict enforcement of the two-speech rule would be a moral victory for Humphrey and the bill's supporters.
But it would pose only minor
Linguist to Talk On New English
What's happened to the King's English after being kicked around by the common people for many generations?
Will things worsen for squares and lames who aren't hip?
The Future of English" will be forecast by a distinguished linguistics scholar in a Humanities Series lecture at 8 p.m. tonight in Fraser Theater. The speaker, Albert H. Marckwardt, professor of linguistics at Princeton University, taught at the University of Michigan for 30 years and there gained international recognition as an authority on the English language.
Will the mother tongue be twisted further by pop song writers, teenagers, hipsters and sports announcers?
"To help solve the parking problem," Prof. Elmer F. B, Humanities chairman said, "a free shuttle bus would be run from the free parking lot south of the power plant to the theater, beginning at 7:30 p.m."
An informal reception after the lecture will be given by the Faculty Club.
problems for Southern opponents who could arm themselves with a series of amendments and speak twice on each proposal.
In other civil rights action, the New York World's Fair, which opens tomorrow, may provide the city with its biggest traffic jam in history if civil rights demonstrators go ahead with plans for a "stallin-
Despite a court restraining order issued yesterday and sharp warnings from city officials, leaders of rebellious chapters of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) thus far have refused to call off the planned demonstrations.
Mayor Robert F. Wagner scolded the organizers yesterday as men holding "a gun at the heart of the city."
OBSERVERS POINTED out that the stall-in plans may have gathered so much momentum the organizers may not be able to halt the demonstration.
Also threatened for the opening day of the fair is disruption of subway and Long Island rail road service to the fair site and sit-in blockades of key bridges and tunnels between Manhattan and the Long Island fair site.
National CORE leaders, who are opposed to the stall-in meanwhile, announced a series of civil disobedience protests for inside the fair.
Mayor Wagner, in his strongest statement to date on stall-in type activities, promised that "in any case the law will be enforced." A new law provides $50 fines and 30 days in jail for stalling cars on city expressways and bridges.
POLICE OFFICIALS PLANNED emergency tactics to handle the demonstrations inside or outside the fair grounds and to provide maximum security for the opening day visit of President Johnson.
U. N. ambassador Adlai Stevenson, speaking at the fair yesterday, deplored the stall-in plans and declared that "civil wrongs don't make civil rights."
Wagner said that illegal civil rights protests would "do more harm to the civil rights cause than anything Dixiecrat senators can do in Washington or the forces of bigotry can do in the city."
Chairman Emanuel Celler of the House Judiciary Committee, who played a key role in House passage
of a strong rights bill, called the stall-in the same "kind of irresponsibility" practiced by Alabama Gov. George C. Wallace. d"plor edum oifining ionered
JAMES FARMER. National director of CORE who suspended the Brooklyn CORE chapter for instigating the stall-in, said that the targets of the national group's demonstrations would be pavilions of some southern states and of the General Motors, Schaefer Beer and Ford Motor companies.
Farmer pictured a number of sensational demonstrations that conceivably could lead to arrest and said he would personally bring an electric cattle prod of the kind used against Negroes in the South.
The fair ground demonstrations, he said were designed "to point up the contrast between the glitter fantasy world of technological abundance shown in the official exhibits and the real world of discrimination, poverty and brutality faced by millions of Negro Americans."
Solon Predicts Rights Passage
By Lee Stone
Senator Frank Carlson predicted yesterday that the Senate will pass the omnibus civil rights bill now before it. He said there will be only minor amendments to the bill.
Sen. Carlson made the prediction while strolling under overcoat skies from Hoch Auditorium to the Kansas Union yesterday morning. He had just attended convocation where Sargent Shriver, director of the Peace Corps spoke. Sen. Carlson was present on the speaker's platform but did not make remarks to the audience.
The senator's mail, at first, produced letters that were nine to one against the omnibus civil rights bill, Sen. Carlson said. Now, the mail is three to five against the bill, he said.
Sen. Carlson also predicted that Governor Wallace of Alabama, who is running for the U.S. presidency on a segregationist platform, would get "a big vote in Maryland." Sen. Carlson said some Washingtonians were predicting that Wallace would win the Maryland primary. "I don't go that far," the senator said.
U. S.,
U.S. Russia To Reduce Atomic Arms Stock
WASHINGTON — (UPI) The United States and the Soviet Union are reducing their production of uranium for atomic weapons in a move that President Johnson believes will help speed the day when "nation shall not lift up sword against nation . . ."
Prime Minister Sir Alec Douglas-Home was expected to announce a similar cutback on Britain's part today in a statement to the House of Commons in London.
Announcement of the major step toward curbing the arms race, the biggest move to ease East-West tensions since the signing of the nuclear test ban treaty last August, was made simultaneously by Johnson in New York and Soviet Premier Nikita S. Khrushchev in Moscow yesterday.
Douglas-Home's announcement today will leave only France of the original four engaged in an all-out nuclear production effort. French President Charles de Gaulle has insisted that an independent nuclear force is vital for his country and it is one of his major aims.
REACTION ON CAPITOL Hill to Johnson's action was mixed.
Chairman J. William Fulbright, (D-Ak.), of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee called the move "a favorable and hopeful development ...". Sen. Bourke B. Hickenlooper, (R-Iowa), said he had "no particular confidence" in the Soviet promise, which he described as "indefinite."
JOHNSON SAID the United States would make a substantial reduction in its production of enriched uranium during the next four years. He said that, added to previous cutbacks, this will mean a total decrease of 20 per cent in U.S. output of plutonium and a 40 per cent cutback in uranium production.
In his statement, Khrushchev made no mention of his serious dispute with Communist China or of his warming relations with the West. He said the Russian cutback was "an opportunity for improving mutual understanding with other states on the necessity of avoiding a nuclear war."
Khrushchev said Russia was halting construction of two new atomic reactors for the production of plutonium and reducing "substantially" production of uranium-235 during
"the next several years." He said the Soviet Union also would divert more fissionable materials for power, industry, farming, medicine, the distillation of sea water and other peaceful uses.
NO SIGNED AGREEMENT was involved and, because there is no provision for inspection, neither side can be sure the other will carry out its promise.
But administration officials explained that Johnson's initial move in January and his action yesterday would in no way affect U.S. security. They said U.S. stockpiling of nuclear weapons had reached a point where most of the nation's "inventory" was complete, thus permitting a slowing down in the rate of stockpiling and a slackening of production of fissionable materials.
Johnson said he had "treaffirmed all the safeguards against weakening our nuclear strength which we adopted at the time of the test ban treaty." The White House reported later that U.S. underground nuclear tests over the past eight months had provided important new information about new weapons designs and effects.
Weather
Clear to partly cloudy through Wednesday. Cooler this afternoon and tonight. Low tonight near 45. High Wednesday near 70.
IN ANNOUNCING HIS MOVE, Khrushchev noted that both the United States and the Soviet Union had been competing for many years in stockpiling nuclear weapons and that the cost of producing them was "very considerable."
U. S. officials speculated that t Khrushchev had decided that the Soviet Union's inventory also was big enough, or that he might be under heavy internal pressure to commit more Soviet resources to agriculture or consumer goods.
In his New York speech at a lunch for Associated Press editors
Johnson indicated in his State of the Union message that he was concerned about the heavy cost of weapons production. He said then that, even in the absence of firm agreements with Russia, "We must not stockpile arms beyond our needs or seek an excess of military power that could be provocative as well as wasteful."
yesterday, he voiced this concern again. "We must not operate a WPA nuclear project just to provide employment when our (nuclear) needs are met," he said.
BUT, THE PRESIDENT SAID, the United States must maintain its military strength to pursue peace for all men.
"We must remember that peace will not come suddenly," Johnson said.
In a statement of policy almost identical in form and content to that enunciated by his predecessor, the late John F. Kennedy, Johnson said:
"We will discuss any problem, listen to any proposal, pursue any agreement, take any action which might lessen the chance of war without sacrificing the interests of our allies or our own ability to defend the alliance against attack."
Then the President added his own touch, saying: "Thus I am hopeful that we can take important steps toward the day when, in the words of the Book of Micah, nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war anymore."