University Daily Kansan Monday, March 23, 1964
Long History Behind Relocating Negroes
By Al Kuetner United Press International
Since the days when slavery fell into disfavor in the United States, there have been recurring suggestions that Negroes in the South be relocated in and out of the country.
Thomas Jefferson was one of the first to advance the idea seriously. Georgia Sen. Richard B. Russell is the latest.
The Georgian, currently the Dixie field marshal of an effort to prevent passage of a new civil rights bill, says he will introduce a relocation plan as an amendment to the legislation.
ABOUT THE ONLY racial resettlement program that had even moderate success resulted in the creation of Liberia, now a thriving nation on the west coast of Africa.
The Liberian colony was set up under the auspices of the American colonization society in 1816 and the first group of "free Negroes" from the U.S. sailed for Africa in 1822.
When the late Theodore Bilbo, the arch-segregationist Senator from Mississippi, proposed the same idea 120 years later, it was greeted with furious opposition.
The Senate held up his seating for the new term to which he had been elected and he died before he could take office.
THE RELOCATION IDEA subsided the following the Bilbo era, only to be revived in the age of rising racial turbulence that followed the 1954 Supreme Court school desegregation decision and the "blockbusting" moves by some Negroes into white neighborhoods.
In Georgia, a legislator, Alpha Fowler, suggested that a fund be set up to buy homes for Negroes next door to prominent national figures who were active in desegregation matters. His plan died quickly.
Then came the so-called "reverse freedom rides" of 1962. These came out of Louisiana and Arkansas and were the brain child of George Sigelman, an aide to Louisiana segregationist Leander Perez.
MORE THAN 100 Negroes took backers up on offers of travel pay to distant points, including Hyannis Port, Mass., the home of President Kennedy. Many were left stranded, and some still are on relief far from their Southern homes.
American Youth-
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Each one had his set of undeniable facts and yet by the end of the evening, I had again to ask myself—what causes juvenile delinquency?"
Even if the experts are in agreement, Tunley writes, many of them are unable to communicate, and he cites the following passage from a speech by a psychiatrist who had been working in a boy's training school: "Unseen and unheard but always omniscent are the subtle and covert resistances inevitably encountered when a contrapuntal modality invades the province of reeducational discipline."
The experts are going through a bad time. Marion K. Sanders in an article in Harper's magazine imagined an all-out nuclear attack She wrote that on the following day the doctors would be treating burns, the ministers would be running soup kitchens, the policemen would be herding children into rubble heaps where teachers would be holding classes. But the social workers would call a conference on "interpersonal relationships in a time of intensified anxiety states."
ACTUALLY, THINGS ARE not quite that bad. There are thousands of experts and social workers who do not spend all their time attending conferences, but are in the thick of the fight.
Peter
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Peter
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