Dailu Hansan
61st Year. No. 75
Lawrence, Kansas
Tuesday, Feb. 4, 1964
HELP ME—Becky Davis, Prairie Village sophomore urges Diane Gray, Kansas City, Mo, senior to help her with her load of books
in a scene from "The Corn is Green." The University Theatre production starts at 8:15 tomorrow night in Murphy Hall.
NASA Chief Warns Against Budget Cut
WASHINGTON—(UPI) National space chief James E. Webb told Congress today that if it does not provide the full $5.3 billion space budget asked by President Johnson for 1964-65, it will not be possible to land an American on the moon in this decade.
Webb said a $600 million cut by congress in space money last year caused major delays but there is still "a fighting chance" to put a man on the moon by 1970. That was the goal established by President Kennedy and now embraced by President Johnson.
WEBB TESTIFIED at the opening of hearings on the space authorization bill before the House Space Committee.
"If we do not receive the funds which the President has requested, there is nothing left to sacrifice except the national goal itself." Webb said with reference to the man-on-the-moon objective by 1970.
HE SAID NO ONE knows what the Soviets can or will do, but if congress does not want to find Russians on the moon when Americans land, money for the space program must be provided in full.
Webb also said that if the U.S. program is further curtailed or stretched into the next decade, the cost will exceed the original estimate of $20 billion. "It will be several billions more," he said.
The NASA chief said studies by his agency showed that the cost of moon exploration would rise by about $1 billion for each year that a manned landing is delayed.
"A THREE-YEAR delay would cost $3 billion, a six-year delay $6 billion, with no corresponding improvement in the benefits obtained," he told the lawmakers.
Webb said the United States now is at "a turning point" in the space effort.
He said this country has "clearly understood military missile superiority." This, plus "five years of solid civilian accomplishment behind us, including the successful launch last week of the fifth Saturn I, a rocket more powerful than any the Soviet Union is known to possess," makes it "possible and essential to consider not only what we are able to do, but also what it is wise to do, in view of our greatly-increased scientific and technical ability," he said.
Whites Boycott Schools Integrated in Alabama
NOSTASULGA, Ala. — (UPI) — A number of white students today walked out of two rural schools ordered to admit a dozen Negroes by tomorrow, setting the stage for a new crisis between Alabama Gov. George Wallace and the federal government.
A federal judge in Montgomery ordered the 12, barred from attending Tuskegee High School when it was padlocked, transferred to the Notasulga and Shaler high schools.
Wallace, who conferred during the morning with his legal advisers in Montgomery 50 miles away, pledged to resist the new negotiation but did not divulge his strategy.
Dozens of Alabama state troopers—members of units trained in riot control—surrounded the two schools this morning.
"He is keeping abreast of developments." an aide said.
THE NEGROES—six assigned to each school—did not appear.
A spokesman said the troopers, who were on the scene at previous integration attempts and civil rights demonstrations in other sections of Alabama, were on hand to "maintain the peace."
Many white students entered the two schools, located in rural areas of Macon county, and then emerged with their books. Parents said they intended to enroll them in the private Macon Academy.
The Macon County board of education met during the morning, presumably to prepare the transfer papers for the 12 Negroes who found themselves without a school in Tuskegee when it was closed by the
Poll Tax Not Constitutional
WASHINGTON — (UPI) — The 24th amendment, barring the poll tax in federal elections, was officially certified today as a part of the Constitution. In a White House ceremony, President Johnson hailed it as a "triumph of liberty over restriction."
The President witnessed the certification by general services administration Bernard L. Boutin. It was said to be the first time a chief executive had attested to the formality connected with an amendment to the Constitution.
The poll tax provision actually went into effect on Jan. 23 when South Dakota became the 38th state to ratify it. Boutin, in certifying its ratification, merely performed a technicality which sends the amendment to the national archives.
Johnson said the amendment reaffirms "a simple but unbreakable theme of this republic—freedom to vote without bars or barriers."
Red China Claims Split Imminent
MOSCOW —(UPI) - New propaganda exchanges between Russia and Communist China today swung attention from ideological differences to border disputes between the two Communist powers.
Peking warned in a statement transmitted abroad by the new China News Agency that there is "unprecedented serious danger of a split" between them.
Moscow, which last year charged that the Chinese made 5,000 border violations in 1962, replied today with
Diplomatic observers here said a break in relations was not expected in the near future, no matter how harsh the language used by Peking.
China also accused the Soviets of provoking border incidents and carrying out "subversive" activities in Sinkiang, the province of China bordering Soviet Central Asia.
The Soviet Journal, Problems of History, said the Amur River and Maritime Province areas, which China charges was taken away by Czarist Russia, was settled by non-Chinese tribes centuries ago.
evidence that territories claimed by Peking in Siberia "never really belonged to China"
Weather
A snowstorm dropped eight inches of wet snow over Western Kansas today, but is expected to leave eastern Kansas fairly dry in its move eastward.
The journal said the area was considered "neutral" by the Manchu
Locally, there is some chance for light rain or snow today and tonight. Through tomorrow it will be partly cloudy to cloudy with the high today in the middle 50's.
rulers of China before it was taken over by the Russians.
Diplomatic observers offered these possible reasons for the new outburst of propaganda from Peking:
- Confidence based on French recognition of Communist China.
- Giving a boost to the Africa tour of Premier Chou En-Lai, which is now coming to an end.
- Hope of taking advantage of the Soviet farm problems and other economic difficulties, which are preoccupying the Kremlin leadership now.
state as too expensive to operate. It was integrated last September and promptly boycotted by its white student body.
To back up its claims that a split is imminent in the ranks of world Communism, Peking said the Soviets broke 343 contracts with Communist China, withdrew 1,390 experts and advisers, and cancelled 257 scientific projects because of the dispute.
WALLACE defied the federal government last fall when Negroes were ordered admitted to public schools in Tuskegee, Birmingham and Mobile. Earlier he stood in the schoolhouse door at the University of Alabama to bar two Negro students but backed down when the late President Kennedv federalized Alabama National Guardsmen and sent them to the campus.
Wallace said he did not intend to make another schoolhouse door stand at Shorter or Nostasulga but said: "We plan to take action. We intend to resist."
The showdown, if it comes, would be at 8 a.m. (CST) tomorrow when the Negroes arrive for class at the two schools.
Justice Department representatives were understood to be in the Montgomery area observing the developments.
Senate Vote Defeats Bill On Tax Relief
WASHINGTON — (UPI) — The Senate today narrowly defeated a broadly-backed proposal to include special tax relief for college expenses in the $11.6 billion tax cut bill. The vote was 48 to 45.
The action, upholding a decision of the Senate Finance Committee, was a victory for the Johnson administration, which has pending an omnibus education bill designed to apply a more general remedy to the college education problem.
SEN. ABRAHAM Ribicoff, D-Conn., former Kennedy administration cabinet member, proposed the amendment to provide up to $325 a year in tax credits for the cost of sending a student to college. The revenue loss was estimated at $750 million a year now, rising to $1.3 billion annually by 1970.
Ribicoff won some last minute converts, among them Sen. John Sherman Cooper, R-Ky., who told the senate it "cannot wait always to reach a perfect bill." Most Republicans backed the amendment.
But it was opposed by administration leaders, including Majority Leader Mike Mansfield, D-Mont., and by such education committee members as Sen. Joseph S. Clark, D-Pa. Clark said the education bill should be the vehicle for aid to parents of college students.
THE AFL-CIO ALSO came out today against the plan.
The Union distributed letters to all senators calling the tax credit proposal "very expensive" and of no benefit to low-income families.
The Senate is driving to complete action by Saturday on the tax cut, which would be the biggest in history and $500 more than voted by the House. However, Senate Democratic Leader Mike Mansfield. Mont., indicated today that he felt the debate might run to next Tuesday, the date by which senate leaders had promised the White House they would pass the measure.
THERE HAD BEEN advance prediction by Mansfield and others that the vote on the college aid provision would be very close—and they were right.
Sen. John O. Pastore, D-R.I., supported the proposal but told the senate he had "no illusions" that even if it were adopted by the senate that it would wind up in the final bill. He said it would be killed in the house-senate conference to work out a compromise bill.
A crowd of about 50 white adults gathered across from the grav stucco school building at Notasulga to watch white pupils stream into the building at 8 a.m. this morning. Derogatory remarks about President Johnson's civil rights stand were heard and several newsmen were taunted.
ALABAMA STATE troopers, standing about 10 yards apart, ringed the Notasulga campus. Only students and teachers were permitted to pass.
At nearby Shorter, more than 40 troopers kept newsmen about 500 feet from the school campus.
Col. Al Lingo, director of the state highway patrol, was in Notasulga to direct the troopers.
He said he had another 300 men on standby alert.
Asked if the Negro students would try to enter the schools today, Lingo replied, "I don't know if they will come in today or not. You know the court order says tomorrow is the deadline."
Lingo was asked if he were under orders to prevent the Negro pupils from entering the school.
There were no incidents here or at Shorter when the schools opened.
"No." he replied.
There were indications white students would boycott the school at Shorter. Many pupils walked into the one-story brick building, then emerged with books cradled in their arms.
FOUR SCHOOL BUSES arrived partially filled.
One woman said, "I am going to Tuskegee and put my child in Macon Academy."
Federal Judge Frank M. Johnson ordered the transfers from Tuskegee high school, closed last week because it had been attended only by the 12 Negroes since its integration, to be made "no later than Wednesday."
The doors of the Tuskegee school were locked when the Negroes showed up for classes yesterday. Thirty state troopers stood by the building to "maintain the peace" on Wallace's orders. Crosses had been burned on the lawns of three members of the county education board the night before.
Students Enroll Despite Ordeal
A dejected freshman timidly requested a 10:30 section rather than the assigned 7:30 one five days a week—only to be refused.
A transfer student had difficulty finding the ballroom in the Kansas Union — a well-known location to veteran students.
A senior bemoaned the twenty-four hours he needed to graduate—while the senior beside him bragged about only five more.
All these ordeals were part of registration last week, but 11.415 endured them and successfully enrolled in classes.
This number represents an alltime high for second semester enrollment and a nine per cent increase over second semester last year.
Late enrollments are expected to bring the final total to 11,700, James K. Hitt, Registrar and Director of Admissions, said.
The enrollment includes 10,380 on the Lawrence campus and 1,035 students at the Medical Center in Kansas City.
The present total is 600 below that of last September, representing a mid-year drop of five per cent compared with a 54% semester last year. This mid-year reduction is due to January graduation and scholastic failure.