Daily hansan
LAWRENCE, KANSAS
60th Year. No.143
Thursday. May 16. 1963
Cuban Exile Leader Sees U.S. as Communist Goal
"Cuba is not the main target of communism. It is your country!"
These are the words of a Cuban freedom fighter and exile leader. This is the warning Enrique Llaca Jr., gave to Americans in an address to a faction-split audience at the Current Events Forum last night.
"The communist take-over of Cuba is only part of a master plan for world domination," he said.
Llaca was the first political exile in Fidel Castro's regime and co-founder of the front which planned the "Bay of Pigs" invasion of 1961.
"The INVASION could have been saved if the United States would have kept its agreements," he said. "We received no air coverage as we were promised."
These remarks brought a barrage of questions after the speech, during which a Cuban member of the audience rose to argue with Llaca.
The 27-year-old freedom fighter's story of communist Cuba was dramatic. He spoke with emotion.
"How did it happen?" he asked. "How did communism gain power in Cuba?"
LLACA SAID it was not due to the "backwardness" of the Cuban people as many believe.
"In 1958 the Cuban standard of living was almost on a level with the most advanced Europeans nations," he said.
He explained that Castro promised democracy, that the Cuban people felt sure democracy would be established.
"Castro was an exceptional actor," he said, "a demagogue."
"FROM THE FIRST days, Castro established a reign of terror," Llaca said. "Terror and propaganda, propaganda and terror, became and still are the main instruments of power."
"Communism makes use and abuse of democratic liberties," he said, "but spreads chaos all over the world. Communist propaganda is aimed at deceiving the whole world all the time."
He noted that communism has control of one-third of mankind today.
"The STRUGGLE against Castro began in 1959." Llaca explained. The Cuban people began to realize that they were not struggling against one more dictatorship, but part of a vast plan of the Soviet Union.
"Communist weapons began to flow in. Political freedom was suppressed. Communist propaganda pictured Castro as the "messiah" of a marvelous new world, a world of hunger and political domination.
"There was no voice in the government, no representation, no hope of change through elections."
LLACA EXPLAINED that Cuban children were sent to the Soviet Union for indoctrination courses.
"If the Castro regime is allowed to
Segregation Conflicts Tear Through South
Enrique Llaca
continue and we remain paralyzed. Cuba's younger generation will be Marxist within two years," he said.
Llaca denounced the Castro regime in a series of articles and was forced into political exile in Chile.
"We exiled Cubans organized to fight," he said. The "Bay of Pigs" invasion was planned.
Fy United Press International
"THE SURPRISE element worked against us," he explained. "It was we who were surprised. We arrived and found we were expected.
"Massive arrests had been ordered and the underground was lost. The superiority of Castro's weapons was overwhelming."
While racial demonstrations continued in the South, a Presbyterian church leader in Des Moines, Iowa, said the core of the problem was in the "all-white residential communities that circle our cities." See page six for Dr. Marshal L. Scott's comments made at the opening session of the Presbyterian General Assembly.
BI-RACIAL COMMITTEES at Nashville, Tenn., and Raleigh, N.C. continued working toward a solution of racial problems in those capital cities.
At Birmingham, Ala., a group of businessmen urged citizens of the
Negroes staged another big demonstration in North Carolina last night in a protest against segregation at restaurants and theaters.
racially tense city to accept an agreement with Negro leaders to desegregate downtown stores. Mayor Art Hanes called for repudiation of the agreement.
An estimated 1,500 Negro college
The "senior citizens" group at Birmingham said its agreement with Negroes to desegregate business "violates no law. It binds no one in the white community except the businesses involved." It urged Birmingham citizens "to appraise the cost to him or her of more thoughtless irresponsibility, violence or hate."
HANES. HOWEVER, told some 600 persons last night to "do everything in your power" to resist desegregation. He called the citizens committee "a group of fuzzy minded liberals, pinkos and reds. . ."
students marched at Greensboro, N. C., in attempts to integrate restaurants and theaters in that textile city which gave birth to the sit-in movement against lunch counter segregation. There was no violence.
Police arrested 200 demonstrators on trespass charges.
Gov. George Wallace said yesterday he would go to court in an effort to get federal troops removed from Alabama. President Kennedy dispatched more than 3,000 soldiers to military bases near Birmingham Sunday following six hours of racial rioting in the steel city.
"We were bewildered to think that the Soviet Union had backed Castro to the hilt, while we, only 90 miles from our strongest ally, had been abandoned."
Llaca was arrested and spent 20 months in communist prisons.
THE FIRST THREE steps of the plan had failed, he said, and the fourth, air coverage by the United States, was not even carried out.
The audience listened intently and fought to ask questions when he finished.
"I WOULD BE ashamed to go back to my country if we forced the United States to break an international law."
"I too am a Cuban," someone said. Luis Mayor, Placetas, Cuba, senior, rose to say he did not want to "bring nuclear warfare to the whole world."
"Then you are a shameful Cuban," Llaca replied. "I am speaking of the freedom we have in this country to discuss this freely today. I should like to invite you to Hayana today."
"I do," Llaca said, "I care about Cuba!"
"I do too!"
Mayor said he did not care about Castro.
BOTH MEN'S words met with applause from the now split audience.
The forum moderator reminded the audience that it was "a speech, not a debate."
Llaca went on to explain that "in four years, the Soviet Union has managed to set up a base of communist power in my beautiful island."
"We will continue our struggle," he said. "We consider ourselves permanent allies of the American people. We will continue to fight the common enemy.
"ALL OF US who risked our lives in the "Bay of Pigs" invasion wanted to help our country to have the freedom you enjoy."
Llaca said he felt that it will be possible to overthrow Castro in two years.
"Freedom may be submerged," he said, "but it is never lost."
Young Republicans To Elect Officers
The election of officers will be held at the last meeting of KU Young Republics today at 7 p.m. in the Javahawk Room of the Kansas Union.
Reuben McCornack, outgoing chairman of the organization, named eight persons last night who have expressed an interest in holding an office. McCornack, Abilene junior, said the club's nominating committee would make its recommendations for what offices the persons should fill at tonight's meeting.
ALSO SCHEDULED FOR tonight are reports on Kansas and Midwest federation conventions and a report by Jerry Dickson on his campaign for chairman of the National Federation of Collegiate Young Republicans.
Sam Evans, Salina sophomore, who presently is vice-chairman; Mike McGill, Kirkwood, Wood, Moe, sophomore; Charles Hanna, Wichita freshman; John Dunn, Hutchinson sophomore, who presently is treasurer; Jan Shelley, Wichita senior; Don Bostwick, Augusta sophomore; Chuck Frickey, Oberlin freshman, and Tem Snyer, Independence junior.
The following were listed by McCornack as being interested in holding a Young GOP office:
Weather
The weather bureau predicts considerable cloudiness with no important temperature change tonight and tomorrow. Scattered showers and thunderstorms are expected late this afternoon and tonight. The high today will be near 80 and the low tonight around 60.
Cooper Calm, Goes For 22
Astronaut L. Gordon Cooper finished his 20th orbit at 12:42 p.m. Lawrence time today. He will fire his retrorockets about 5 p.m. today at a point over Shanghai in Communist China after 22 orbits and 34 hours in space.
CAPE CANAVERAL — (UPI) — L Gordon Cooper whirled through the final orbits of America's greatest space flight today toward splash-down in the Pacific this evening.
The 36-year-old Air Force Major long since had logged more hours and miles in space than all of his American predecessors combined.
Bulletin
Shortly after the 147-pound astronaut started his 19th orbit at 9:45 a.m. Lawrence time—less than five laps from his goal—flight controllers reported that weather conditions in his Pacific recovery area were "pretty good."
COOPER ended his 19th orbit and started on the 20th at 11:13 a.m.
As of 10:30 p.m., the space agency said, everything was set for a triumphant conclusion of the 22.9-orbit flight which Cooper began with a flawless liftoff at 7:04 a.m. yesterday.
Waiting to pluck Cooper and his Faith 7 spacecraft from the sea about 100 miles southeast of Midway Island were the aircraft carrier Kearsarge, with 2,156 men aboard, and two destroyers.
"We are sure he will get a warm welcome," said Lt. Col. John A. (Shorty) Powers, spokesman for the Mercury man-in-space program.
COOPER HIMSELF, refreshed after the first long sleep ever taken by an American in space, had been described as in "very good shape" as he soared at more than 17,500 miles an hour toward the climax of a trail-blazing flight for U.S. moon journeys of the future.
Already the question was being raised as to whether Cooper's flight would wrap up the $500 million Mercury project, which is to be followed by the two-man Gemini and Apollo moon programs.
Space officials said it was too early yet to say. But the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) had stated previously that a successful mission by Cooper would wind up Mercury.
NASA officials estimated that braking rockets on Cooper's 3,000-pound spacecraft would fire at 5:02 p.m. Lawrence time about 170 miles southeast of Kyushu, Japan, toward the end of his journey to pull him down from orbit.
That would put his splashdown in the Pacific recovery area at about 5:20 p.m. During the plunge to earth Cooper's weight would jump about $7 \frac{1}{2}$ times under the forces of deceleration .
Powers warned that the braking maneuver, called retrofire, is a complicated and difficult timing operation. Ships and planes were ready to get quickly into action if Cooper
British Criticize U.S. Nuclear Test
LONDON—(UPI) —A group of British scientists today charged that America's 1962 high altitude Hbomb explosion—apparently "planned purely for military reasons"—changed the earth's environment and interfered with space research.
The group, which included well-known astronomer Sir Bernard Lovell, issued a report on their investigation into the effects of high altitude nuclear tests on scientific research for the British Government's Ministry of Science.
The report said the U.S. explosion on July 9. 1962 "injected trapped particles into the earth's magnetic field in numbers sufficient to make an important change in the charged particle environment of the earth."
It said absence of data published either before or after the test — in contrast with usual American practice — indicated it was mounted purely for military purposes.
It said the charged particles have interfered with the functioning of many artificial satellites by damaging their solar cells or semi-conductor devises.
should miss the landing bullseye.
Cooper has elected to stay aboard his spacecraft until it is hoisted aboard the Kearsarge rather than let himself be lifted aboard a recovery helicopter.
Space officials said Cooper awoke from his space sleep around 4:25 a.m. calm and relaxed.
At 7:37 a.m. ground controllers gave Cooper the go-ahead for completion of his flight plan. That was during his 17th orbit which was completed at 8:13 a.m.
COOPER LONG since had broken all previous U.S. space flight records and at 8:23 a.m. had become the No. 3 astronaut of the world.
A little while later, as Cooper soared over the South Indian Ocean, in his 18th orbit, Lt. Col. Powers reported that everything aboard the Faith 7 spacecraft was in "emphatic go" condition "with capital letters underscored."
At that moment he surpassed the 25-hour 18-minute flight of Soviet cosmonaut Gherman S. Titov who flew 17 orbits Aug. 6-7, 1911. Cooper's full mission of more than 34 hours would not, however, come close to the 71-hour and 95-hour Russian flights of last August.
Cooper's job was to get information vital to success of the U.S. Gemini two-man and Apollo moon flights to come. At 8:30 a.m., for example, he took photographs of the earth's horizon. The space agency hopes the horizon will serve as a navigational aid in both Gemini and Apollo flights.
In his 16th orbit, Cooper transmitted a message to an international meeting of African statesmen in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. As he passed over the city he wished success to the statesmen and said, "Good luck to all of you in Africa."
Cooper awoke from his sleep, first ever taken in space by an American, "very calm, very relaxed." He got his go-ahead to complete his mission 24 hours and 33 minutes after he had rocketed into space yesterday.
Prof. Hungerford Services Today
Funeral services were held this afternoon for Dr. Herbert Barker Hungerford, professor emeritus and former chairman of the entomology department.
He died Monday evening at Law-
rence Memorial Hospital at the age of 77. He had been ill for about a week.
PROF. HUNGERFORD, who is considered one of KU's all-time outstanding professors, was recently named by KU and the Alumni Association to receive the school's highest honor — the Citation for Distinguished Service to Mankind.
The citation will be made posthumously at Commencement.
Prof. Hungerford was an internationally known authority on the classification of aquatic and semiacquatic hemiptera, commonly called waterbugs.
THROUGH THE work of Dr. Hungerford and that of his students most of the genera and families of the hemiperta have been completely revised.
Prof. Hungerford became chairman of the entomology department in 1924 and held that position for 25 years. In 1949 he relinquished his administrative duties to become a research professor until his retirement in 1956.
He continued his research after retirement and continued his work on a National Science Foundation project until he became ill the week before his death.
Prof. Hungerford has also served as State Entomologist and as a member of the Kansas Entomological Commission and the Kansas Horticulture Society.