Birmingham Quiet; Federal Forces Surround Town
BIRMINGHAM, Ala. —(UPI)— An advance detail of federal forces set up headquarters today five blocks from a Negro section of Birmingham where a four-hour riot erupted Sunday morning.
Combat-equipped federal troops were poised at jump-off spots 80 miles south and 60 miles east of this racially-torn industrial city on orders from President Kennedy.
Birmingham was quiet on the surface today.
AN ARMY COLONEL commanding about 15 soldiers worked through the night bringing in equipment in an office building that houses several government agencies.
Heavily armed highway patrolmen remained in the riot-torn area. Traffic moved along the streets as on any other Monday morning, but at intersections were patrolmen who had slept in patrol cars during the night with carbines and shotguns close at hand.
State authorities claimed the crisis here was "firmly under control," and said the riot-trained federal troops were not needed.
HUGE AIR FORCE transport planes began landing the troops at Maxwell Air Force Base 90 miles south of here at Montgomery within an hour after Kennedy issued his order yesterday. By early morning, more than 10 planes had arrived with cargoes of soldiers, jeeps and other equipment.
Kennedy said in calling out the troops that he would "do whatever must be done to preserve order" in Birmingham, which was rocked by bombings and rioting early yesterday. Twenty-two persons were injured in the pitched battles between Negroes and police that climaxed six weeks of antisegregation demonstrations.
Gov. George Wallace protested the sending of troops to Alabama in a telegram to the President yesterday. He said, "Sufficient state law enforcement officers are available to maintain peace and order in Birmingham." In another wire last night to the Alabama Congressional Delegation he said, "The President has completely ignored lawfully constituted state authority."
A SOURCE CLOSE to Wallace said there was a good chance the governor would seek a court order enjoining the federal forces from leaving Maxwell.
Kennedy's orders included the sending of troops to bases near Birmingham, taking of preliminary steps toward federalizing units of
(Continued on page 12)
JFK Defends Use of Troops
WASHINGTON —(UPI) — President Kennedy drafted a reply today to Alabama Gov. George Wallace's challenge of his authority to send troops into Alabama to cope with any new racial violence in Birmingham.
Monday, May 13, 1963
The White House said Kennedy planned to send his answer to Wallace today. Press Secretary Pierre Salinger said the President was keeping close watch on the Birmingham situation through the justice department.
Wallace last night sent Kennedy a telegram disputing the Chief Executive's legal authority to dispatch troops trained in riot control to military bases near Birmingham and had taken standby steps to federalize the Alabama National Guard.
THE GOVERNOR argued there were "sufficient state and local forces" to handle the Birmingham developments.
Salinger said "we intend to answer today." He added that there was "every chance" the White House would make public Kennedy's reply. The press aide refused to give any more details about the forces which were sent to Maxwell Air Force Base and Fort McCllan, Ala.
Salinger said he did not know whether Atty. Gen. Robert F. Kennedy had been in contact with Wallace but that the President had not spoken to the Alabama governor by telephone.
SALINGER ALSO SAID he did not know whether Wallace would attend an Alabama ceremony at which Kennedy will help mark the 30th anniversary of the Tennessee Valley Authority.
Kennedy invoked a U.S. law dating back to reconstruction days as the basis for his action. It is Section 333 of Title 10 of the U.S. Code, giving the President power to use armed
(Continued on page 12)
British Minister Claims Breach by U.S. Airlines
LONDON —(UPI)— Aviation Minister Julian Amery said today the U.S. Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) has "come very close to being in the breach of Anglo-American El-lateral agreement" by refusing to permit American Airlines to raise trans-Atlantic passenger fares.
Amery, in an angry speech before the House of Commons, said that Pan American World Airways and Trans World Airlines were breaking British law by failing to go along with the proposed 5 per cent increase in roundtrip rates.
BUT HE SAID Britain told the Americans it would not detain American aircraft landing in Britain "if in the confusion, as often is involved in the first days of operation of new fares, come passengers fly in on tickets charged at the old rates."
He made it clear Britain intended to force the American Air carriers into applying the new fares, which 12 European countries put into effect yesterday.
He said the British ambassador David Ecyd-Orr in Washington had been instructed to make "the strongest representations" to the U.S. administration.
Amery noted that Pan-Am and TWA were among the members of the International Air Transport Association (IATA) which approved the new fares at a conference in Chandler, Ariz., last year. He stressed that international fares have been set by the IATA conference for more than 15 years.
He said that on French initiative, European aviation authorities met in Geneva to try to work out a compromise. Then an official of the British Aviation Ministry went to Washington to talk with CAB chairman Allen Boyd.
"I MUST FRANKLY tell the committee, we were astonished to see the Civil Aeronautics Board disapprove the decision of the 90 airlines without any previous warning and only a few days before the decisions were about to be applied." Amerv said.
Amery said the Briton explained to Boyd then that it was the opinion of the 12 European countries that it was much too late to go back on the decision to introduce the new higher fares.
IT WAS OUR general view," Amery said, "that things had gone so far that these fares must be introduced for an interim period of a year or less, and meanwhile there could be meetings of the governments and IATA themselves to try and resolve the decision and, if they thought right, to revise the Chandler decision."
Daily hansan
LAWRENCE, KANSAS
KU Wins Big Eight College Bowl Title
Stephenson Hall's College Bowl team still remains undefeated, and now holds the Big Eight Conference College Bowl competition title.
Yesterday, four of the Big Eight schools, Oklahoma State, Colorado, Missouri and Kansas, competed for the conference title in three matches of College Bowl competition in the Forum Room of the Kansas Union. In two of the first round matches, KU defeated Oklahoma State 345-210, and Missouri defeated Colorado 280-250.
The final round was then a rematch between KU and Missouri. KU defeated Missouri, 385-175.
The match held year between the two schools was declared null and void because some of the questions Missouri submitted for the match had been asked in KU's preliminary competition.
Kansas State was also scheduled to compete in the tournament, but failed to send a team.
The team which competed for KU was the winning team in the intramural competition held earlier this year, Stephenson Hall. Team members were Chris P. Hadley, Prairie Village senior; David C. Scott, Jackson Heights, N.Y., senior; Willard E. Hiebert, Whitewater senior, and James P. Girard, Wichita freshman.
A town council group represented Oklahoma State, an equivalent of the Unmarried-Unorganized team in KU's competition. Major House, an
"They were the only college participating who did not hold intramural College Bowl competition on their campus." Frank Thompson Jr., chairman of the College Bowl Committee, said. "They didn't have a team ready to enter and might have had trouble getting one together."
independent residence hall, represented Missouri. Chi Psi social fraternity represented Colorado.
The Colorado-Missouri match was the closest in the tournament. It ended in a 20-point victory for Missouri, but was tied four minutes before the end of the match.
During this match there was a slight delay when the buzzers broke. Both teams hit the button at exactly the same time and a fuse blew.
Earl S. Huyser, assistant professor of chemistry, was the moderator for the first two matches.
During the final round between KU and Missouri, KU kept a steady lead all through the match, winning by over 200 points.
Francis Heller, associate dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, moderated the final match.
During this round, both teams frequently hit the buzzer before the question had been completely read, and were therefore forced to answer before they knew the question.
Once when this happened the question was answered correctly. It began with the Biblical quotation: "I am the rose of Sharon and the lily of the valley." Dean Heller started to ask the question, but got no further than the word "Steinbeck."
Dave Scott of the KU team answered "Grapes of Wrath" and was correct.
The question read, "Steinbeck used this quotation as the basis for one of his characters, Rose-of-Sharon. In which novel did she appear?"
Trophies were presented to first and second place winners, to be given to their schools.
Launch Plans Move Ahead Despite Doubtful Weather
CAPE CANAVERAL — (UPI) — Scientists moved ahead confidently today with plans to send astronaut L. Gordon Cooper on America's most ambitious space journey tomorrow despite a threat of bad weather.
"As of this time preparations for the attempted launch . . . are continuing," a federal space agency spokesman said at a mid-morning weather briefing.
COOPER, a 36-year-old Air Force Major, is scheduled to lift off tomorrow morning on a planned 22-orbit voyage that would far surpass three previous orbital flights by Americans.
The first half of a "split countdown" for the flight was completed at 8 a.m. (Lawrence time) today. This consisted essentially of preparing the launch facilities and equipment to be used in the 34 hour flight.
If all goes well, the second half of the countdown will begin shortly after midnight tonight.
NASA officials expressed confidence that the clouds would clear away sufficiently to permit the intense camera and tracking necessary for the blastoff sometime between 7 a.m. and 9:30 a.m. (Lawrence time).
Also troublesome was the main recovery area in the western Atlantic, off Bermuda, which "will have cloudy weather and a few showers along with winds near critical limits on launch day," the spokesman said.
"Improving conditions are expected on the following day," he said.
Cooper himself planned a relatively quiet day today.
He was scheduled to make at least one simulated flight in a Mercury procedures trainer and later review star charts and technical information.
The astronaut was to meet with Mercury project leaders late today for what was described an "informal briefing" on the flight.
A spokesman said the discussion would cover everything from the status of the Atlas rocket that will boost Cooper into the sky at a speed of 17,500 miles per hour to the recovery plans.
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Canaveral Weather
CAPE CANAVERAL—(UPI)—Text of project Mercury weather advisory issued at 8 a.m.:
The extended period of clear skies over Florida is coming to an end. It now seems quite certain that morning cloudiness over Cape Canaveral will cover at least half of the sky with some periods during the morning having nearly overcast conditions.
The primary landing area in the western Atlantic will have cloudy weather and a few showers along with winds near critical limits on launch day but improving conditions are expected on the following day.
Weather in the primary landing area of the Pacific is following the trend indicated earlier expected to be partly cloudy with scattered light showers and moderate to fresh winds along with moderate seas. Improving sea conditions are expected by the end of the 22nd orbit.
Cape Canaveral—Mostly cloudy early morning with an improving trend later in the day, moderate wind and sea.
Western Atlantic-Mostly cloudy, scattered light showers but adequate ceiling and visibility; moderate to fresh winds and moderately rough seas on launch day, decreasing on second day.
Eastern Atlantic—Partly cloudy, mostly moderate winds and sea, most of the sea will have heavy swells from the northwest.
End of the first orbit—Cloudy with scattered light showers, moderate to fresh winds and moderate sea.
End of the seventh orbit—Mostly cloudy with scattered showers, mostly fresh trade winds and moderate seas.
End of the 16th orbit—Considerable cloudiness, moderate wind and sea.
Other areas of the world—No significant weather areas are in evidence or predicted.