Nuclear Threat Will Abolish War-Toynbee
By Roy Miller
The unprecedented threat of atomic warfare will stimulate man to abolish war, Arnold Toynbee, noted British historian, said here last night at a Humanities Lecture.
Speaking to approximately 1,500 persons in Hoch Auditorium, Toynbee said atomic weapons are more than merely another addition to a series of weapons.
"IT'S A WEAPON so much greater in kind," he said. Here seems to be an entirely new element in war as it confronts us today." His subject was, "An Historian Looks at the World Today."
"We may be on the verge of one of two extremes," Toynbee said. "We know if we have a third war, it will be the greatest calamity the human race has ever brought upon itself.
DISCUSSING whether this is a time of crisis, Toynbee said today's generation should assume it is living in an age of crisis as this is the best chance for making it an age of achievement instead of an age of catastrophe.
"We may be moving toward that today. Or we may be moving toward a lasting peace."
The 71-year-old internationally known historian discussed the theory that human beings originally "invaded" the world of insects and other pre-human life.
"I FEAR THERE is a catch." Toynbee said of the theory that the world would be returned to pre-man life if there was another war.
"I suppose we're more fearful of war now than in any past generation."
"I think if man takes himself off the earth with these new weapons, he will remove all other forms of animals with him.
TOYNBEE SAID that the prospects of an atomic war eliminate the presuppositions of war—that a soldier can defend his country with his life and that the war could
end in defeat for one side and victory for the other.
"It seems to me that both presuppositions have been invalidated for the first time in history by the invention of atomic weapons."
Discussing what he called a "shrinkage of the world,"
HISTORIAN GIVES AUTOGRAPH—Arnold Toynbee, noted British historian who spoke in Hoch Auditorium last night, autographs a copy of one of his many books for Rab Malik, Karachi, Pakistan, graduate student.
Toynbee said, "We have less and less room and smaller and smaller quota of resources per head.
"WEVE BEEN using up minerals, both liquid and solid, at quite an unprecedented rate," Toynbee said. Are we going to run out of food? Are we using up all our materials?
"I think a glance to the past leaves room for optimism. We've always discarded a material before we've used it up.
"I do not despair our technological ability. I think if we use it for peace instead of war, I think we should maintain high living standards without the exhaustion of our resources."
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Most of the discussion at a reception held yesterday afternoon in the Kansas Room of the Kansas Union regarded Toynbee's address at the Institute of International Relations in Topeka Sunday.
Toynbee said in Topeka that atomic destruction and over-population will destroy mankind unless Russia and the United States cooperate in a single world government.
IN ANSWER TO a question in an informal discussion at the reception, Toynbee said prospects for a world government are "very difficult because we're in a nationalistic state of mind.
"I should expect to see world control for atomic energy to be one of the first things to be founded toward world government, and a central authority for food production and distribution to be the next thing.
"We can't avoid doing those two things," he said.
WHAT ARE THE prospects for disarmament?
"I'm afraid it will be slow," Toynbee said in the interview. "I would like to see Russia and America stop anyone else from using atomic weapons. If it's limited to two nations, the dangers might be limited."
Daily hansan
60th Year, No. 106
LAWRENCE, KANSAS
Tuesday, March 19, 1863
Algeria Protests French Testing
ALGIERS — (UPI) — The Algerian government announced officially today that France exploded an underground nuclear device on Algerian territory in the Sahara yesterday.
Algeria lodged an "energetic protest" against the move, and reliable sources said as a result would demand a revision of the Eviian Agreements with France. The agreements brought an end to $7 \frac{1}{2}$ years of war and gave Algeria its independence one year ago today.
AN EMERGENCY session of Parliament has been called for tomorrow at which Algerian Premier Ahmed Ben Bella will make an "important declaration."
The sources said this will include a demand for immediate changes in the military clauses of the agreements which gave France possession of the nuclear testing sites in the Sahara for a specified time.
France's test shot, aimed at perfecting a trigger for the French hydrogen bomb, had been expected for several weeks. But Algeria warned France last Saturday that it could not tolerate nuclear tests on its territory.
Weather
France already has exploded four nuclear tests above ground and at least one underground, although reliable sources said that two or three underground shots never were announced.
nounced.
In an effort to force France to change its mind on the latest shot, the Algerians issued their warning Saturday and called in the ambassadors of numerous other countries to enlist moral support for their position.
Clearing with diminishing winds today. Warmer extreme north portions. Fair and cooler tonight. Tomorrow generally fair and warmer. Highs today in the 50's. Lows tonight in the 30's. Highs Wednesday in the 60's.
ASC Will Reconsider Amendment; Vox Populi Candidates Change View
By Patti Behen
The All Student Council (ASC) will meet in special session tonight to reconsider a proposal which the council rejected last week.
Last Tuesday the ASC approved an amendment which would eliminate the present minimum of 75 votes necessary for a district to have one representative on the council.
THE REJECTED part provided that no district should have less than one representative per 1,000 students living in a district.
The council rejected one part of the proposal, however, and the sponsors of the bill walked out of the meeting.
WASHINGTON — (UPI) — The Brazilian ambassador went to the state department yesterday for explanation of a U.S. charge that Communists have infiltrated the government of Brazil.
Ambassador Roberto Campos said his hour-long meeting with Undersecretary of State George W. Ball "helped to clarify unwarranted mis-standards."
U.S.-Brazilian Relations Clarified
The controversy put a new strain on U.S.-Brazilian relations and cast a shadow over a visiting Brazilian mission's efforts to get U.S. aid for their country's three-year multimillion-dollar economic reconstruction program.
Camps denied reports that President Joao Goulart had ordered a halt to the current negotiations of Brazilian Finance Minister San Tiago Dantas, who is to see President Kennedy again Thursday.
Among those who voted to defeat the section were Reuben McCornack, Abilene junior, and John Underwood. Parsons junior, Vox Populi candidates for president and vice-president of the student body.
"We didn't feel it was that important," McCornack said, "and it didn't seem to be worth all the technical trouble."
McCornack said since the rejection
of the section he and Underwood have had a change of opinion.
"IT IS a bigger issue than we thought," he said. "We've heard many arguments on both sides of the question, and we've decided to encourage the council members to approve it."
McCormack said he hopes the council will vote in favor of the proposal, so that it can go before the
student body for approval or rejection in the April elections.
"It shouldn't just stop in the council," he said. "We should give the students a chance to vote on it. It's up to them to decide."
The amendment was proposed by Charles Marvin, Lawrence junior, and Mike Miner, Lawrence sophomore. Both represent the unmarried-unorganized district.
Cuba, Alliance for Progress Discussed in Costa Rica Talks
SAN JOSE, Costa Rica — (UPI) President Kennedy went into closed session with six Central American presidents today to thrash out differences over Cuba and find answers to the "harsh challenges" facing the Alliance for Progress.
The closed session followed an American Embassy reception. Nine KU juniors were among the Americans greeting the President.
One of the principal items on the agenda of the closed session was how the Central American area's economic integration can be speeded up under the Alliance for Progress.
Kennedy already has promised U.S. support for the area's economic development programs as they are drawn up and approved, but he wants to avoid pledging any specific amount.
However, the Central American lands would like to get a firm commitment for programs whose total is estimated at about $200 million.
GUATEMALAN President Miguel Yidigoras Fuentes surprised the
Conference yesterday by demanding United States support for Guatemala's claim to British Honduras. Conference organizers had said earlier they had assurances from Yidigoras he would not raise the issue publicly but would await a personal meeting with Kennedy.
In his opening day address in the National Theater, the President expressed his hope that the meeting will again increase the capacity to prevent infiltration of Cuban agents, money and propaganda.
Kennedy made it known before he arrived yesterday that he wanted the meeting to emphasize U.S. support of economic integration efforts in the area and to leave the Cuban Communist threat to the OAS.
KENNEDY, WHO captured the hearts of Costa Ricans on his arrival yesterday, was to interrupt the day's talks with a visit to the huge El Bosque housing project built with Alliance help to provide housing for 8,000 persons by next October.
Before going in to today's formal meeting of the heads of state, President Kennedy stopped briefly at the historic cathedral of San Jose, where a special mass was being celebrated in honor of the feast of St. Joseph, for whom this capital is named.
He did not enter the church, but greeted a large group of children of the parish who carried large banners asking him to return again to Costa Rica, and "next time bring Jackie with you."
Roosevelt Approved By Senate Committee
WASHINGTON — (UPI) — The Senate Commerce Committee, by a vote of 14 to 2, today recommended Senate confirmation of Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr. as Undersecretary of Commerce.
The committee did not identify those who opposed the nomination of the son of the late President Franklin D. Roosevelt.