Defense Department to defend ABM
WASHINGTON (UPI) - The Defense Department now has taken steps to meet the central scientific criticism of its proposed safeguard antiballistic missile system. In the process, opponents say their worst fears about the workability of the system have been confirmed.
The ABM expansion proposed by Defense Secretary Melvin R. Laird last week contained two major design changes:
- Work will begin on a new radar system that will be smaller and less expensive so it can be deployed in greater numbers.
- More short range Sprint missile interceptors will be added to the ABM sites at Grank Forks Air Force Base, N.D., and Malstrom Air Force Base, Mont.
These two steps, according to scientists who have studied the ABM in detail, obviously were taken because of concern—inside
the Pentagon and out--that the ABM could be overwhelmed by a simple numerical increase in Russian offensive missiles.
This was a central argument last year in the unsuccessful Senate fight to scuttle the ABM. Sen. Stuart Symington, D-Mo., argued to little avail that the ABM, as it is presently conceived, would not offer a shred of protection to the nation's Minutemen missile fields.
The reason, Symington and others contended, was that the ABM, its radars and its computers were so expensive that the Soviets could simply match every Safeguard missile with an offensive missile of its own. Thus, if 100 Spring missiles and their guiding radar were deployed, the Russians could neutralize them by simply building 100 new offensive missiles—and do it far more cheaply.
Finch says busing is bad move
WASHINGTON (UPI) — Secretary Robert H. Finch of Health, Education and Welfare said Sunday the courts were "moving in the wrong direction" by requiring busing of pupils to achieve racial balance in schools.
Moreover, Finch said, "the administration, having taken the oath to support the Constitution, is confused by what the courts have said . . . We have a very confused set of decisions . . . that go to both ends of the spectrum with regard to the question of busing, for example."
Finch criticized the court decisions during an interview with Metromedia radio news.
He cited a Federal Appeals Court ruling involving Orange County, Florida, "which says in effect the neighborhood school is the important concept, and that must be preserved at all costs."
"... Then you have decisions like Charlotte, in the Carolinas, in Los Angeles, which I think are totally unrealistic because they say that you shall take the percentages in the district as a whole and apply those and force those on each district, or each school within that district."
In Charlotte's case, said Finch, the district had to buy 400 new buses. And in Los Angeles, he estimated 500 new buses were needed.
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"That's not the best use of your resources," Finch said, "because you're trying desperately to keep the doors open, to pay faculty, to pay janitors.
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Symington claimed he had a Pentagon-prepared chart that
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showed this precisely in dollars and cents terms—but the Pentagon classified the chart "secret" and refused to release it to the public.
Last year, in frequent appearances before Congressional committees and newsmen, Defense Department officials managed to skirt this issue and divert the public's attention to the need for some response to the alarming Sovietity build-up in offensive missiles.
Throughout last year's debate, leading scientists also argued that the ABM's missile site radar—which spots incoming missiles and guides the Spring interceptors to meet them—was so big and exposed that it could be knocked out
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Consequently, the Russians could "blind" the ABM, if they chose, merely by firing enough small missiles at the radar to exhaust the Spring interceptors defending it. The Minutemen would then be left defenseless if the Russians chose to knock them out with huge SS9 silo-busting rockets.
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