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Monday, March 6, 1989 / University Daily Kansan
Two-car accident
Lawrence police gather information at the scene of a two-car accident at the intersection of 17th and Vermont streets. The accident occurred yesterday afternoon. No serious injuries were reported.
A preliminary hearing in the case of a KU police officer and an Osage County sheriff's deputy charged with theft from a vacant building has been postponed until March 3.
Officers' court date postponed
James Michael Hough, a KU police officer, and David Linton, an Osage County Sheriff's deputy, had the date of their preliminary hearing moved a week, when evidence will be heard to determine if the two should be held for trial.
Problems with the complaint filed by the Osage County attorney's office prompted the continuance.
Hough and Linton were arrested Feb. 22 on charges of battery, conspiracy and aggravated intimidation of a witness.
The charges are in connection with a case in which they were charged, along with three other law enforcement agencies. All five stood mute when making their plea in the possession case, and a plea of not guilty was entered
Bond for the two men was reduced to $10,000. It had been set at $50,000.
Lithography class: The art of patience
by Kris M. Bergquist Kansan staff writer
The end justifies the means, at least in the art of lithography.
Lithography was originally the art of drawing on stones and then making prints from them.
"What's exciting is when you're printing and you're pulling your first print and it works," said Tanya Haller, Kansas City, Mo., junior.
"I like it because there is so much to learn about it," Haller said. "You're doing something a lot of people don't know anything about." "People have little bibliography class, people haven't a clue what you're talking about."
Lithography developed in the late 1700s when a smalltime inventor in Europe, using a piece of stone to mix ink, dropped on it and noticed something happening, said Cima Katz, associate professor of art and teacher of Lithography I and II classes.
Recalling flight attendants' strike
by Mary Neubauer Kansan staff writer
Kansan staff writer
People should not manage their lives the way TWA managed its labor relations.
Sandy Albrecht, associate professor of sociology, said that she had heard that comment many times in the past year as she investigated the 1966 TWA flight attendants' strike and its repercussions. Albrecht teaches at the Regents Center in Overland Park.
The Machinists union went on strike against Eastern Airlines on Saturday.
Albrecht spoke to about 12 professors at a seminar Friday in Summerfield Hall. She said that her topic was especially timely because of the impending Independent Association of Machinists strike against Eastern Airlines and because the Independent Federation of Flight Attendants would mark the third year of its conflict with TWA today.
Albrecht said that the Flight Attendants union had given her permission to study the 1986 strike.
The strike began March 6, 1986, when 5,500 t, 6,000 flight attendants began a 10-week strike against TWA. Carl Icahn, who was then TWA's new owner, had bad had relations with his work force for two years before the strike, Albrecht said.
"This was the first airline he took over," she
said, "and I anticipate the problems he
encountered with the union."
Icahn's move
Icahn replaced the entire labor force of full-term strikers at the end of the strike instead of negotiating a back-to-work agreement as he had done in the past.
Such back-to-work agreements are usually implemented according to seniority, Albrecht said. Under such an agreement, new workers are hired during a strike, but when an agreement is signed those workers are replaced by former strikers with more seniority.
'Management would say (to the replacement workers): "Look, your seniority is zippo, so we'll just stick it in."
The flight attendants lost a court case, making it possible for the strikers to lose their jobs, Albrecht said. TWA was allowed to keep the replacements it hired during the strike.
"Management can use this decision as a tool."
said. "They can say, 'I can't take you back'
because."
Albrecht said that she became interested in the strike because one of her students at the Regents University was a member.
She hopes to write articles and a book with the information she has uncovered, she said.
The job of the flight attendant has changed in the past 20 years. Albrecht said.
What began as a temporary position that women had before getting married and having children has become a position which 85 percent of its female workers in 1966 had held for at least 14 years, Albrecht said. What once was a service occupation has become a one of a safety provider.
Evolution of role
The Flight Attendants union decided to strike because TWA was demanding a $50 million to $100 million in wage concessions from its 6,000 members. It was contended to a 46 percent decrease in wages for some.
with the new management," Albrecht said. "But Icahn said that women were just secondary bread winners and that any 18- or 19-year-old could do their jobs."
Icahn was led to believe by TWA management that workers would cross the picket lines in a couple of days and that the strike would end quickly, Albrecht said. He was told that the Machinists union and the Pilots union would not support the flight attendants' cause.
"He believed that if he went after a female union first, it wouldn't be supported," she said.
"All groups were willing to make concessions
Decade of labor wars
The 1980s have been a period of war on labor with owners and managers opposing unions, Albrecht said.
But since the strike, the Flight Attendants union has tried to get its members' jobs back through court battles and national boycots. Albrrecht said those employees hired in 1973 or before had been hired back.
"The interaction of thoughts between faculty members at the meetings is important." he said.
Albrecht's speech was one of five given in the School of Business each year that deal with human resource management and labor relations, said Anthony Redwood, professor of business.
Redwood said that he planned to incorporate some of the information he had heard about the strike into his classes. He also made some predictions for TWA.
"Unless they improve labor relations, they will continue to perform poorly," he said. "Any company with bad internal relations will ultimately reach its end."
When acid is applied to limestone,
it produces a black color where there is
acrease-based paint or ink.
The art works on the principle that oil and water don't mix.
Anything printed is done on a lithograph. Newspapers, magazines and posters are printed with offset lithography. Katz said.
Lithography process
Offset lithography is done by putting paper between two inkplates on a printing press. In art lithographies, the inkplates are placed onto the surface that has been inked.
For efficiency, other materials have been made to imitate limestone, such as zinc and aluminum. How are these materials used, the KU class still uses them.
"For artists, lithography has gone in and out of fashion," Katz said. "The artists have always essentially made a physical advance that business does."
To begin the process, the stone's surface is cleaned and prepared; at this point, the stone's surface is smoothed out. Limestone can be used, Katz said.
Then the artist draws a design on it with a grease pen. After drawing, it is treated chemically with nitric acid and gum arabic. Katz said two chemical reactions were formed from this etching process. First, where there is grease, the stone turns black. Where there isn't grease, it is an empty space.
"There is not a physical change on the surface of the stone," Katz said.
"There is a chemical change."
If any changes need to be made after etching, such as taking out some of the black on the stone, the students run water over it and work on taking some of the black off with tools, such as a numme stone.
After all the changes have been made, printing ink is rolled on the surface of the stone, which is always kept damp during the printing process. Katz said the printing ink adhered to the drawn surface and was transferred into the fibers of the paper.
Katz said lithography became a popular subject in universities in the 1960s when the Tamarid Institute, now in New Mexico, revitalized the medium by inviting well-known printers and artists to work with the techniques and wrote a book for people to use.
She said that because of the amount of equipment involved and the time that it took, class sizes were limited at KU. The students have to work with the basic studies of art and design, such as Drawing I and II classes.
When printing at the press, it usually takes about three or four hours. She said that about six different students were done by each student in a semester.
"The biggest problem is getting control of the technical aspects." Katz said. "It's frustrating because you can have aesthetic ideas, but it's hard to get them done with the technical aspects."
The Lithography I students only do prints in black and white because the color ink is harder to handle. Katz said, and it takes a certain amount of experience to handle the technical process.
"It's like a swimming class," Katz said. "You must first concentrate on one stroke at a time. When you see color print, it was run through the press as many times as there are. Each color is printed separately."
Nicele Geist, Wichita junior, who is in Lithography II and does color prints, said printing techniques were taught in Lithorhanyv I.
"The process has a lot of steps, but it's not real difficult because it logical." Geist said. "You can do it all. It must take a lot of time.
"This class will help us get a job. It takes a lot of patience and dedication, and we'll have pictures for our class photos." I said, "I'll say that we're well-rounded."
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