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u & A // MARLA SPIVAK > Because we have questions. Celebrities have answers.
Last month, Marla Spivak became the fourth KU alumni to win the Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation's Fellows Program. She was one of 2010's 23 winners of the prestigious $550,000 no-strings-attached award, also dubbed the 'genius grant', for her work with honeybees. Spivak got her Ph.D. from the University in 1989, and is now a Distinguished McKnight Professor in the department of entomology at the University of Minnesota. There, Spivak's work has focused on developing strains of bees that are better able to defend themselves from diseases contributing to the alarming drop in bee populations over recent years.
Jayplay
How did the University impact your work on bees?
Marla Spivak:
KU was the mecca for research on bees when I was there. I came to work with Chip Taylor, my advisor, who had gotten money to study Africanized bees. But also, Charles Michener, a world-renowned bee biologist, and Rudolph Jonder, a world-renowned behavioral entomologist, were a part of this prominent bee community that influenced me greatly while at KU.
JP
How did you receive the news of your genius status?
It's actually just the media that calls it the genius grant—the MacArthur Foundation calls it awards for creativity. But they kind of set me up, telling me I had an interview with a freelance writer in my office, and that's where they called me.I was in disbelief.Very excited,but mostly just disbelief.
JP
Did you celebrate?
JP
I went out to dinner with a friend. I'm actually not comfortable with the attention it's brought.I love the work I do, so being honored is great. I'm not discussing where the money will go yet, but the beekeeping community is super excited because it helps promote bee health as we try to answer questions regarding colony collapse disorder and other causes of the depletion in bees we've seen in recent years.
Why is colony collapse disorder such a complex problem?
MS
There are three big elements: the lack of nutrition, or amount of flowers available,the pesticides that are used and the diseases and mites that bees are subjected to.
JP
Is it true what Einstein said about humans not being able to live more than four years without the honey bee?
I believe that's a misquote, but there would definitely be consequences. Around a third of the United States' food supply depends on pollination from bees. Not only our fruits and vegetables, but even the hay we feed our meat and dairy cattle must be pollinated Healthy foods like almonds and berries have had an increased demand, and so our bees, already weakened from lack of nutrition, pesticides and diseases, have to respond to the increase in pollination that comes along with that.
You credit the award to your study of the hygienic behaviors in bees. How are the bees that you breed better able to defend themselves from disease?
JP
Bees have their own immune systems, yet the entire colony acts as one organism as well, so it has behaviors that act as its immune system. We call them hygienic behaviors, such as a bee's ability to detect diseases in the the young bees and then remove them from the nest. So they're basically fighting off an infection that could spread. Some bees are really good at detecting these diseases, so we've been breeding them.
JP
So different bees have different functions.
Do they also have different personalities?
Yes. Some of them are nervous, some very calm, some are gentle, some like to sting a lot, some are lazy, and some make more honey than others. Most experienced bee keepers get to know their bees pretty well.
Photo courtesy of the John D. Catherine T.
MacArthur Foundation
Busy as a bee: Marla Spivak was awarded the genius grant' for her work with bees. Spivak began researching bees at the University in 1989 as part of her Ph.D. program, and is now teaching at the University of Minnesota.
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