THE UNIVERSITY DAILY
KANSAN
The University of Kansas Vol. 89, No. 135
Friday, April 20.1979
b news
Lawrence, Kansas
By ELLEN IWAMOTO
Staff Reporter
The sudden withdrawal of U.S. support to Nicaragua after almost 41 years has left Nicaragua government officials feeling almost betrayed, Marinico Solan, former ambassador to Nicaragua,
When he was appointed ambassador in 1977, Solano said his mission was to implement the Carter administration's human rights policy in Nicaragua, which meant reducing aid if standards were not met.
Solau, who resigned from his post last week for "personal reasons," was participating in a panel discussion on the current Nicaraguan situation. He spoke to about 50 people in the Forum Room of the Kansas Union as part of a conference on Central American history.
Civil war has been raging in Nicaragua since January 1978, when a popular opposition leader to President Anastasio Somoza's government, newspaper publisher Pedro Joaquín Chamero, was
Strikes and bloody street fighting between Sandinista guerrillas and Sonozna's National Guard
See related story page nine
Solaun outlined the history of U.S. relations with Nicaragua from the 1920s, when Nicaragua was a client state of the United States, to the United States' current policy of neutrality in the Nicaraguan civil war.
A CLIENT STATE is a country that allies itself with another, more powerful country to receive protection and support, in return provides goods and other resources.
"Nicaragua was a faithful client," Solau said, "Sonora's family were our friends."
The United States had been a supporter of the Somoza family since 1933, when the U.S. Marines ended their 21-year guard of Nicaragua and placed the National Guard in the hands of Somoza's
When U.S. officials made it understood a few years ago that the United States wanted to see changes in the policies of the Nicaragua government, Solanu said he believed the country. He also reinstated constitutional rights such
as freedom of the press, Solan said, which opened up significant possibilities for democracy in Nigerra.
But Somza also felt let down by the U.S. human rights policy, Solaun said. He questioned why the United States withheld its support after almost 41 years.
SINCE RECENT uprisings in Nicaragua, the United States has followed a policy of neutrality, Solana said. The embassy in Nicaragua was told not to help organize either the Sandinista Liberation Front or Somoza's supporters. They were told to avoid any commitment to either side. Solana said.
Some Nicaraguan government officials have said privately that they understood the need for change in their policies in order to cope with those through the United States was trying to depose Somoza and use him as a success story for its human rights.
Other Nicaraguan officials have said the United States is taking a "soft line" on the Nicaraguan
He said that they thought the U.S. government was historically responsible for the Nicaraguan government and that all that was needed was for the United States to use its magic wand to help change things.
Also participating on the panel were Mariano Faulios, president of the National University of Nicaragua, and Eduardo Conrado, dean of the department. Mr. Faulos spoke at a press conference earlier in the day.
FIALELOS, WHO HAD FLD in from Nicaragua Wednesday night, was pessimistic about the possibilities for a peaceful solution to the civil war in Nicaragua.
"If the government continues to have the upper hand," he said, "pacification of the country is very fast."
Fiaulos said the war in Nicaragua was not a typical civil war. The government does not have exclusive control over violence or force, he said. It controls parts of cities part of the time.
" their strategy is to keep several strategic points, such as the headquarters of the National Guard, airports and government offices, but the rest of the country is no man's land." he said.
Although Somera has said he would allow free elections at the end of his term in 1981, Fialsa said that if the elections were allowed, they would not be free, but would only legitimize the government.
ATTEMPTS AT mediation by the Organization of
American States to end the fighting have been futile, Failos said. The only impact was made by the presence of the mediating committee, which was formed during the fighting during November and December, he said.
Some church and academic leaders in Nicaragua have taken matters into their own hands, Fialos said, and have formed the National Committee of Reflection.
The committee, formed a month ago, will attempt to talk with all groups in Nicaragua. It has set goals of finding a peaceful solution to the war and seeing if fighting can be reduced or avoided.
Fiallo said that in Nicaragua, political assassinations had become a possibility that he must consider along with arrest. Although freedom of the press is crucial, the price for being too outsaken it to be sent to jail.
Fiallos, who earned his Ph.D. in political science at the University of Kansas, said he had strafed very closely by the attackers.
"People in the universities have a big responsibility to find a solution to the conflict in Nicaragua," he said. "Many students have taken up arms and joined the guerrillas."
Staff Photo by ALAN ZLOTKY
Wyoming, Teammate Mike O'Bange also gave Nazu a well-deserved lift to the stands. See related story and photo on page 13.
Winning the 10,000 meter run was not the only reward for Joseph Nazu from the University of
State rests case in Hunter trial
By CAROL BEIER Staff Reporter
Free ride
Staff Reporter
Hunter's court-appointed attorney, Wesley Norwood, told the court he would not present any evidence for the defense but he did not answer questions.
Closing arguments will be heard today in the trial of Charles Hunter, a sixteen-year-old Lawrence youth charged with 14 counts of sexual assault and burglary. The prosecution rested its case yesterday after two full days of testimony by the state's witnesses.
"One motion will be to discharge. The defendant will not present any evidence." Norwood said. "He will not take the stand."
Hunter is charged with four counts of rape, two counts of attempted rape and eight counts of aggravated burglary.
THE MAXIMUM penalty for a rape conviction in Kansas is life imprisonment, for aggravated burglary, 20 years; and for at least one count of assault.
One of the two victims of alleged rape who testified yesterday was a KU student. She identified Hunter as her assailant.
Another woman told the court a man had entered her home and raped her on Dec. 11. She said she could not be positive the man
She said her assailant told her he would kill her if she went to the police.
"I didn't want to believe it was happening," she said. "I kept thinking about the pot pie in the oven."
Two Lawrence police detectives testified about statements made by the defendant on the day he was arrested. Dec. 22.
DETECTIVE JIM Haller testified that Hunter had told him that he had entered several residences with the intent of raping the
According to Haller's testimony, Hunter pointed out those residences during a drive in a squad car Dec. 22.
The houses were those that were entered during a series of reported burglaries and sexual assaults in December.
Detective Ted Crady told the court that Hunter had said there was no plan for his selection of the houses he would enter.
he was no plan for this selection of the houses he would enter.
"He went into any house he wanted to." Cradd said.
The trial will reconvene at 9 today before District Court Judge James W. Paddock.
Kansan deadline today
Applications for editor and business manager of the University Daily Kansan for the fall semester and the summer session are due at 5 p.m. today in 105 Flint Hall. Forms are available in the School of Journalism office, 105 Flint Hall; the Student Senate office 105B Kansas Union; and the office of student organizations and activities 220 Strong Hall.
Other cities hail, regret malls
By LORILINENBERGER
Staff Reporter
The uncertainty of the effects a regional shopping mall would have on Lawrence makes speculation easy to come by.
But those cities across the country already endowed with regional shopping malls seemed to agree that the malls had two effects on their communities: an immediate deterioration of the central downtown district and an overall boom for the city.
Officials in ten of the 20 cities that have regional malls developed by Jacobs, Viscosa and Jacobs, the firm proposing the mall for Lawrence, said the malls hurt their downtown areas. The 10 cities were small-to-medium-sized.
Saginaw, Mich., with a population of 83,000, received its regional mail in 1972, and William Jones, Saginaw Township manager, said he first thought the downtown would never recover.
"Fashion Square Mall meant the death toll for downtown," he said. "Since it was built, the city has really deteriorated and gone wild."
JONES, WHO called the firm of Jacobs, Vissiou and Jacobs,
very reliable and first-class," said the mail most desired
of his collection.
"But if they had it all to do over again, I think they would fight it," he said.
The citizens of Saginaw Township did not protest the development of the mail, Jones said, because they wanted more information.
"Hardy any retail stores are left downtown. Some have moved to the mail," he said. "The downtown now looks terrible—stores are closed."
Although the regional mall hurt downtown Saginaw, the overall effect on the township has been a beneficial one. Jones said.
"It's been great for the town," he said. "We never would have grown as much or as fast as we'd be building a new home as we did." He skipped to another skyscraper.
JOHN URICH, assistant planning director for Madison, Wis., said the citizens of Madison also did not contest the development plans submitted by the state.
See related stories back page
and 1971 by Jacobs, Visconsi and Jacobs. Madison's population is 178,000.
"At that time, the sentiment was not strongly against the malls," he said. "Today, JVJ would have encountered a great deal more difficulty, mostly because of energy concerns and the impact the malls have on downtown retail districts."
"Even if the city of Madison didn't want the malls, JVJ would have built outside our city limits. They wanted that."
One of the worst effects of the mails, Urich said, were that they wasted prime agricultural land once abundant in the area. That land was reopened for commercial use, he said, and caused what we term a greatest controversy over the mails at the time they were proposed.
Urich said that the city enjoyed a good working relationship with Jacobs, Viscini and Jacobs, but he added that he thought the development firm gained more than anybody else from the malls.
"The malls provided many benefits for shopper overall," he said. "But I think VJI were the ones made the most happy one."
Urich said the mails caused a number of downtown businesses to relocate at the malls or close down completely. He labeled the situation of the Madison downtown as "a classic example of what all downtown areas are going through as a result of large regional
David Clark, a planning administrator for Middletown, Ohio, said he agreed that Jacobs, Visconi and Jacons were the biggest donors.
"JVJ was definitely the beneficiary from the mall they built here," Clark, who admitted he was somewhat prejudiced toward the downtown, said. "I think the community has suffered because of them."
Middletown has a population of 50,000 Towne Mall covers approximately 400,000 square feet, which is about the same size as the city.
23 new developments proposed
By PAM MANSON
Staff Reporter
Larcence is not alone
Staff Reporter
The same company that has proposed building a regional shopping mall in Lawrence also has proposed building malls in 22
Some cities are welcoming the mail with open arms. At least one city in fighting the mall tooth and nail. And many of the cities
One city, although it is listed in a company brochure as being the site of a mail development, has not even heard about the project.
Officials in the city, Orangeburg, S.C., population 40,000, said they had heard nothing from the company.
have a seem certain that someone would eventually build this bar, but no one's brought a definite plan to us," a snooker player wrote.
Racine, Wis., has heard about a proposed mail development to be built by Jacobs, Visconis and Jacobs, a Cleveland development
"WERE HAPPY to see them come," Thomas Wright, director of planning in Kacine, said. "We're anticipating them with open hands."
Wright said the city's shopping dollars were going to Milwaukee, a 6-hour drive to the north. He said Hacite, a city in western Indiana, is also shopping there.
The proposal has raised opposition among the city's downtown merchants, who say the downtown would be hurt by a mail.
In addition to Racine and 21 other cities, Jacobs, Viacomis and Jacobs has proposed building a mail in lawrence, at highway 50
However, in many of the cities with populations of less than 150,000 where Jacobs, Viscomal and Jacobs has proposed building the stadium.
of 125,000 people, had no major shopping area. "Downtown has never been the No. 1 shopping area," he said.
Wright said Racine and the surrounding area's population, a total of 125,000 people, had no major shopping area.
"Downtown has never been the No. 1 shopping area," he said.
THE COUNTY Racing is in sold 100 acres of land to Jacobs.
V viscison and Jacobs for the mall. The mall was first proposed five years ago, but the ground is still vacant. Wright said the company will be planning to move there.
One city seems determined to keep any regional shopping center from being built. The city of Battle Creek, Mich., population 40,000, and a nearby township have placed themselves firmly in the path of any mall development.
He said, "The roads and sewers are ready. We're just waiting for the mail to come."
Jacobs, Viscounti and Jacobs has been denied rezoning twice, according to George Zollner, planning director for Battle Creek township, population 25,000, which is five miles from Battle Creek. The final decision now rests with the township's board of trustees.
"JVJ is behind in terms of the game," Zollner said. "It doesn't look good for them."
He said that much of the opposition to mails was based on a land use guide that specified not to over-to-market the area. He said some people in the township had sanded another developer, who already had gotten land rezoned for a mall, to delay construction.
Zolner said, "For now the one mail is delayed and the Jacobs mall is defeated."
Sam Stelirecht, planning director for Battle Creek, said the city was doing everything it could to delay mails so the city could be notified.
"We know that we're fighting to save the central business district," he said, "that the malls go in, we'll lose Penneys and Macy's."
Stellrecht said the downtown has a plan to build a "Superblock" to revitalize the area. It is planned for 11 open acres in the center of town and would cost $30 million. Superblock would include a sports arena, a large hotel and many new specialty shops, he said.
concerning the malls' benefits, Stellrecht said, "I see little benefit to the central business district. We'll have a lot of vacant stores to deal with. We're kind of going broke now that we have the space available downtown."
See MALLS page 11